BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES'- • 


OF 


DISTINGUISHED  OFFICERS 


OF    THE 


ARMY    AND    NAVY. 


NEW    YORK: 

L.    R.    HAMERSLY. 
1905- 


PREFACE. 

IT  has  been  the  purpose  of  the  publisher  in  issuing 
the  present  volume  to  present  in  an  appropriately 
attractive  form  a  record,  accompanied  by  portraits,  of 
the  more  important  events  in  the  lives  of  a  few  of  the 
men  in  the  Army  and  Navy  of  the  United  States  who 
have  contributed  largely  to  the  history  of  the  country 
in  the  last  half  century*  While  some  of  the  persons 
whose  names  are  embraced  in  the  volume  did  not  rise 
to  their  highest  distinction  in  the  military  service,  that 
distinction  has  been  largely  due  to  the  training  there 
received,  and  they  have  ever  shown  their  affection  and 
interest  in  the  service  by  using  their  influence  and 
means  when  the  occasion  arose  in  support  of  the  flag* 
Notably  conspicuous  among  such  names  are  those  of 
B*  F.  Stevens,  of  Boston,  Col.  John  Jocob  Astor,  of 
New  York,  and  Howard  A,  Stevenson,  of  Philadelphia* 
To  the  older  officers  of  the  service  it  will  certainly  be 
a  pleasure  to  see  in  this  volume  the  faces  of  such  heroes 
as  Stevens,  Lee,  Rodgers,  Jouett,  and  many  others 
whose  gallantry  and  devotion  to  duty  have  made  their 
names  household  words  throughout  the  land* 


952882 


THEODORE    ROOSEVELT. 
PRESIDENT  OF  THE   UNITED  STATES. 


THEODORE  ROOSEVELT, 

President  of  the  United  States. 

Was  born  in  New  York  City,  Oct.  27,  1858,  the  son 
of  Theodore  Roosevelt,  merchant  and  philanthropist. 
He  was  graduated  from  Harvard  University  in  1880, 
and  after  a  visit  to  Europe,  he  began  the  study  of  law 
in  the  office  of  his  uncle,  Robert  B.  Roosevelt ;  he  soon 
entered  politics,  and  was  elected  to  the  Assembly  at 
Albany,  in  which  he  served  three  terms.  In  the 
third  legislature  to  which  he  was  chosen  the  Repub 
licans  had  a  majority,  and  he  was  candidate  for  the 
speakership.  He  was  regarded  as  rather  too  inde 
pendent,  however,  and  did  not  get  the  position.  In 
the  Republican  Convention  of  1884,  Mr.  Roosevelt 
favored  the  nomination  of  Senator  Edmunds  for  the 
Presidency,  but  when  Blaine  obtained  the  nomination 
he  entered  actively  into  the  campaign  for  the  nomi 
nee  of  his  party.  In  the  same  year  he  purchased  a 
ranch  in  the  Northwest,  and  for  several  years  he 
studied  the  remote  West  thoroughly,  giving  thei  bene 
fit  of  his  knowledge  to  the  world  in  two  books,/'1, Ranch 
Life  and  the  Hunting  Trail  "  and  "The  Winning' .q? 
the  West."  In  1886,  the  Republicans  nominated 
Mr.  Roosevelt  for  Mayor  of  New  York,  being  opposed 
by  Henry  George,  the  single  tax  champion,  and 
Abram  S.  Hewitt,  the  regular  Democratic  nominee, 
Mr.  Roosevelt  made  a  vigorous  fight,  but  Abram  S. 
Hewitt,  the  Democratic  candidate,  was  successful. 
Mr.  Roosevelt  therefore  remained  in  private  life,  but 
continued  to  take  an  active  interest  in  public  affairs, 


and  especially  in  reform  of  the  civil  service.  He  ad 
vocated  the  deliverance  of  the  Federal  service,  and 
also  that  of  State  and  City,  from  the  "spoils  system." 
In  this  Mr.  Roosevelt  met  with  much  opposition,  but 
President  Harrison  appointed  him  in  1899  to  the  im 
portant  place  of  United  States  Civil  Service  Com 
missioner,  in  which  position  he  did  his  duty  earnestly, 
irrespective  of  whom  he  pleased  or  displeased. 
When  a  Republican  Mayor,  William  L.  Strong,  was 
elected  Mayor  of  New  York,  the  latter  requested  Mr. 
Roosevelt  to  become  the  head  of  the  Police  Board. 
He  accepted  the  charge,  and  proceeded  vigorously  to 
compel  his  subordinates  to  do  their  duty  and  enforce 
the  laws.  He  took  the  position  that  laws,  while  on 
the  statute  books,  ought  to  be  made  effective,  and  that 
the  executive  authority  had  no  right  to  repudiate  a 
law  simply  because  it  was  unpopular.  April  6,  1897, 
Mr.  Roosevelt  gave  up  his  place  in  the  Police  Depart 
ment  to  become  Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Navy. 
Here  he  worked  with  his  usual  energy,  and  to  admir 
able  effect,  in  putting  the  navy  in  excellent  condition 
for  the  war  with  Spain  which  followed  the  blowing 
,i  ittp,  ;of  the  Maine ;  much,  if  not  most,  of  the  prepara- 
tbry'wprk  which  helped  to  make  the  American  fleet 
•invvnoWe  at  Manila  and  Santiago  is  credited  to  Mr. 
Roosevelt,  and  he  selected  George  Dewey  for  the  com 
mand  of  the  Asiatic  Squadron.  He,  however,  chafed 
in  Washington  ;  when  war  was  declared  he  accordingly 
tendered  his  resignation  as  Assistant  Secretary  ;  with 
President  McKinley's  intimate  friend,  Dr.  Leonard 
Wood,  an  army  surgeon,  he  organized  the  body  of 
men  known  as  the  "Rough  Riders,"  gathering  re 
cruits  for  the  regiment  from  among  his  friends  of  the 


ranches  and  the  Western  cowboys.  Surgeon  Wood, 
on  account  of  his  superior  tactical  knowledge,  took 
command  of  the  regiment,  with  Mr.  Roosevelt  second 
in  command.  He  participated  with  his  regiment  in 
the  fighting  in  front  of  Santiago,  and  displayed  con 
spicuous  bravery  in  leading  his  troops.  At  the  close 
of  the  war  he  returned  with  his  regiment  to  Montauk 
Point,  where  he  was  mustered  out  of  the  service.  In 
the  following  year  he  was  nominated  for  and  elected 
to  the  office  of  Governor  of  New  York.  He  proved  a 
sagacious  and  conservative  Governor,  acting  in  every 
thing  with  deliberation  and  discretion.  Mr.  Roose 
velt  aspired  to  a  second  term  as  Governor,  but  was  in 
duced  to  permit  the  use  of  his  name  for  the  Vice-Presi 
dency  in  the  Republican  National  Convention  of  1900. 
As  Vice-President,  Mr.  Roosevelt  continued  to  merit 
the  esteem  and  confidence  of  the  American  people. 
His  conduct  during  the  last  days  of  President  McKin- 
ley  showed  that  he  keenly  shared  the  nation's  grief 
over  the  assassination.  From  the  moment  that  Presi 
dent  Roosevelt  was  apprised  of  the  fact  that  his  great 
predecessor  had  departed  this  world,  his  conduct  has 
been  such  as  to  win  more  and  more  for  him  the  good 
will  and  esteem  of  the  American  people,  as  shown  by 
his  election  to  the  Presidency  in  November,  1904,  for 
the  term  beginning  March  4,  1905,  by  a  tremendous 
popular  vote,  he  having  a  majority  of  2,542,062  over 
Parker,  and  a  plurality  of  1,730,966  overall  the  can 
didates,  while  his  majority  of  the  electoral  vote  was 
196  over  Parker. 


Lieutenant  General  ADNA  R.  CHAFFEE, 

United  States  Army. 

Was  born  in  Ohio  in  1842,  and  entered  the  ser 
vice  of  his  country  as  a  private  of  the  Sixth  Regular 
Cavalry,  soon  after  the  outbreak  of  the  Civil  War,  at 
the  age  of  nineteen,  and  has  been  conspicuous  in  her 
service  ever  since.  Before  the  end  of  the  first  year  of 
the  war  he  was  made  a  sergeant,  and  served  in  a  num 
ber  of  minor  actions,  as  well  as  in  the  battle  of  Frede- 
ricksburg,  and  also  took  part  in  Stoneman's  raid  in 
1863,  when  he  was  appointed  a  second  lieutenant  of  the 
Sixth  Cavalry.  He  was  twice  severely  wounded,  was 
present  at  the  battle  of  Gettysburg  and  at  most  of  the 
important  actions  of  Sheridan's  raid  and  the  affairs 
which  led  up  to  Appomattox,  and  received  two  brevets 
during  that  war.  Just  before  the  end  of  the  Civil 
War  he  was  promoted  to  first  lieutenant  and  two 
years  later  to  captain. 

After  the  Civil  War  his  life  was  still  in  the  field, 
being  brevetted  for  gallantry  for  an  engagement  with 
Comanche  Indians  in  1868,  and  serving  in  the  Miles 
campaign  against  Cheyenne  Indians  in  1874-75,  in  the 
campaign  against  White  Mountain  Indians  in  iSSi, 
and  in  an  engagement  with  White  Mountain  Indians 
in  1882  (where  he  was  commended  in  department 
orders  and  again  brevetted),  and  finally  in  Crook's 
campaign  into  Mexico  in  1883.  In  1888  he  was  pro 
moted  to  major  and  in  1897  to  lieutenant  colonel. 

He  has  served  in  all  the  grades  of  rank,  even  in 
the  staff  positions  of  regimental  adjutant  and  quarter- 


LIEUTENANT   GENERAL   ADNA    R.   CHAFFEE. 
UNITED  STATES   ARMY. 


master,  and  has  risen  from  the  lowest  to  the  highestr 
always  efficient  in  every  position  he  has  occupied,  and 
winning  the  confidence  and  praise  of  his  superiors. 

At  the  outbreak  of  the  Spanish  War  he  was  ap 
pointed  a  brigadier  general  of  volunteers,  and  in  July, 
1898  a  major  general  of  volunteers.  His  work  at 
Santiago  again  won  him  glorious  tributes  from  all 
sides,  especially  from  the  army. 

After  the  close  of  the  Spanish  War,  General 
Chaffee  was  promoted  to  colonel  in  the  regular  army. 
Meanwhile  he  had  been  again  brigadier  general  of 
volunteers,  but  was  promoted  to  major  general  of  vol 
unteers  in  1900  and  placed  in  command  of  the  China 
expedition  for  the  relief  of  the  ministers  in  Peking, 
where  he  did  excellent  service.  For  the  next  two 
years  he  was  in  the  Philippines,  accomplishing  to  the 
satisfaction  of  the  Administration,  the  War  Depart 
ment  and  the  Army  all  that  was  required  of  him, 
with  honor  and  credit. 

He  was  appointed  a  brigadier  general  in  the  regu 
lar  service  and  later  a  major  general  and  is  now  Chief 
of  Staff  of  the  U.  S.  Army,  with  Headquarters  at 
Washington. 


IO 


Rear  Admiral  ALBERT  S.  BARKER, 
United  States  Navy. 

Was  born  in  Massachusetts.  Appointed  from 
that  State,  October  25,  1859;  at  Naval  Academy, 
1859-61  ;  in  steam  frigate  Mississippi,  West  Gulf 
Blockading  Squadron,  1861-63;  bombardment  and 
passage  of  Forts  Jackson  and  St.  Philip,  Chalmette 
batteries,  and  capture  of  New  Orleans,  1862;  in  attack 
on  and  attempted  passage  of  Port  Hudson,  March  14, 
1863,  where  the  Mississippi  was  destroyed,  after 
which  he  joined  the  steam  sloop  Monongahela,  and 
took  part  in  the  siege  of  Port  Hudson,  in  the  fight 
below  Donaldson ville  and  guerrilla  fighting  generally, 
until  the  river  was  clear.  Promoted  to  ensign,  Feb 
ruary  22,  1862;  detached  from  Monongahela,  August 
9,  1863,  and  ordered  home  in  the  Brooklyn;  detached 
August  26,  3863;  steam  frigate  Niagara,  special  ser 
vice,  September  29,  1863,  to  February  22,  1864. 
Commissioned  as  lieutenant,  February  22,  1864;  flag 
ship  Lancaster,  May  i,  1864;  as  flag  lieutenant; 
transferred  to  flagship  Powhatan,  July,  1866,  while 
Lancaster  was  being  repaired;  witnessed  the  bombard 
ment  of  the  batteries  at  Callao  by  the  Spanish  fleet 
under  Admiral  Nunez.  Commissioned  as  lieutenant 
commander,  July  25,  1866;  returned  home  in  Lan 
caster;  detached,  March  18,  1867;  flagship  Guerriere 
and  Quinnebaug,  S.  A.  Station,  May  21,  1867,  to 
July,  1869;  monitor  Terror,  November  25,  1869, 
to  November  26,  1870;  Wachusett,  European  Station, 
to  June  i,  1871,  to  June  25,  1873;  Torpedo  Station, 


REAR   ADMIRAL   ALBERT  S.    BARKER. 
UNITED  STATES   NAVY. 


13 

September  i,  1873,  to  July  13,  1874;  while  there 
fired  shells  with  dynamite  from  24-pound  howitzers, 
using  the  ordinary  powder  cartridge,  being  the  first 
one  to  fire  dynamite  in  shells  on  this  continent,  as  far 
as  known;  temporary  duty  as  executive  of  Intrepid, 
July  13,  1874,  to  September  15,  1874;  Naval  Acad 
emy,  September  15,  1874,  to  February  20,  1876, 
when  was  ordered  to  command  the  Palos,  Asiatic 
Station;  remained  on  her  one  year,  when  received 
orders  to  return  home  for  examination  for  promotion, 
but  was  detained  at  Yokohama,  Japan,  to  take  com 
mand  of  the  U.  S.  S.  Alert,  and  while  in  that  vessel 
cruised  among  the  islands  in  the  vicinity  of  New 
Guinea  and  Dampier  Straits,  in  search  of  a  supposed 
shipwrecked  crew;  skirted  and  examined  many  islands, 
found  the  object  of  search  and  returned  to  China  via 
Amboyna,  Ternate  and  the  Philippine  Islands; 
reached  home,  October,  1877.  Commissioned  as  com 
mander,  March  28,  1877;  Torpedo  Station,  summer  of 
1878  ;  lighthouse  inspector  Eighth  District,  November, 
1878,  to  January  i,  1881  ;  commanding  monitor  Mon- 
tauk,  July  24,  1882,  to  December  3,  1882,  when  was 
ordered  to  command  the  Enterprise.  While  on  this 
vessel  ran  a  line  of  deep-sea  soundings  around  the 
world,  the  casts  being  taken  at  intervals  of  about  100 
miles.  The  line  between  New  Zealand  and  Magellan 
Straits  was  made  between  latitude  47  deg.  and  50  deg. 
south.  On  the  way  out,  visited  South  Africa,  Mada 
gascar,  Zanzibar,  Comoro,  and  the  Seychille  Islands  ; 
reached  the  Straits  of  Sunda  six  days  after  the  great 
eruption  of  Krakatoa,  when  the  accompanying  tidal 
wave  swept  into  the  sea  the  large  town  of  Anjer  and 
all  other  settlements  in  the  vicinity;  rendered  such 


14 

assistance  to  the  Dutch  authorities  as  was  possible; 
was  present  at  Pagoda  Anchorage,  Min  River,  China, 
when  the  French  fleet  under  Vice-Admiral  Courbet 
sunk  the  Chinese  men-of-war,  destroyed  the  arsenal, 
and  demolished  the  forts  on  each  side  of  the  river, 
1885;  returned  home  by  way  of  Australia  and  New 
Zealand;  detached  from  Enterprise,  April  i,  1886  ; 
lighthouse  inspector,  Second  District,  October  i,  1886^ 
to  November  15,  1889;  Bureau  Navigation,  January 
i,  1890.  Commanded  U.  S.  S.  Philadelphia  July  6, 
1892,  to  August,  1894,  Captain  Navy  Yard,  Mare 
Island,  February  n,  1895,  to  March,  1897;  command 
U.  S.  S.  Oregon,  March  20,  1897,  to  January  17,  1898  ; 
special  duty,  Navy  Department,  February  to  May  20, 
1898;  member  of  Army  and  Navy  Board  and  War 
Board  ;  commanded  protected  cruiser  Newark  from 
May  21  to  August  6,  1898;  was  present  off  Santiago 
de  Cuba  July  i  and  2,  participating  in  the  bombard 
ment  on  the  latter  date  ;  commanded  the  Oregon  from 
August  6,  1898,  to  May  29,  1899;  commanded  Special 
Service  Squadron  for  the  Pacific,  consisting  of  battle 
ships  Oregon  and  Iowa,  supply  steamer  Celtic,  distill 
ing  steamer  Iris,  colliers  Scinda,  Cassius,  Aberenda, 
Sterling  and  Justin  ;  squadron  separated  off  the  Gala 
pagos  Islands,  the  Oregon  and  Iris  continuing  on  to 
Manila.  Commander-in-chief  of  Asiatic  Station  from 
May  20  to  June  20,  1899,  relieving  Admiral  Dewey  and 
making  the  Baltimore  the  flagship  after  the  29th  of 
May;  assisted  army  in  driving  insurgents  from  the  dis 
trict  between  Manila  and  Cavite,  the  chief  resistance 
being  at  Zapote  River  ;  upon  arrival  of  Admiral  Wat 
son,  June  20,  was  detached.  Promoted  to  Rear- Admiral 
October  10,  1899  ;  commandant  Navy  Yard  and 


15 

Station,  Norfolk,  from  October  5,  1.899,  to  July  I^? 
1900 ;  commandant  Navy  Yard  and  Station,  New 
York,  from  July  17,  1900,  to  April,  1903;  command 
ing  the  North  Atlantic  Fleet  from  April,  1903,  to  date 
of  his  retirement  in  March,  1905. 


i6 


JOHN  JACOB  ASTOR. 

Colonel  in  the  Spanish- American  War  and  capitalist. 

Was  born  at  the  family  estate  of  Ferncliff, 
Rhinebeck,  N.  Y.,  on  July  13,  1864.  He  is  the  son 
of  William  Astor,  grandson  of  William  B.  Astor,  and 
great-grandson  of  John  Jacob  Astor,  the  founder  of 
the  Astor  family  in  America,  and  is  the  inheritor 
of  his  father's  great  estate.  He  received  his  education 
at  St.  Paul's  School,  Concord,  N.  H..  and  at  Harvard 
University.  He  subsequently  followed  the  example  of 
his  father  in  making  an  extended  European  tour,  and 
on  his  return  to  the  U.  S.,  travelled  extensively  in 
Cuba  and  Mexico  and  made  several  expeditions  to  the 
Rocky  Mountain  region,  following  the  line  of  the 
Northern  Pacific  R.  R.  On  his  return  to  New  York 
he  became  concerned  in  the  management  of  the  exten 
sive  Astor  estate,  which  includes  a  vast  and  highly 
valuable  amount  of  real  estate  in  New  York  City, 
the  Astors  being  the  leading  property  holders  in  the 
American  metropolis.  Colonel  Astor's  inherited  share 
in  this  estate  is  a  very  large  one,  and  his  time,  when 
not  engaged  in  other  duties,  is  fully  occupied  in  the 
care  of  it.  He  is  also  a  director  in  many  banks  and 
trust  companies,  his  duties  in  connection  with  which 
absorb  much  of  his  time. 

The  military  career  of  Colonel  Astor  began  in 
1895,  when  he  was  appointed,  with  the  rank  of 
colonel,  on  the  staff  of  Governor  Morton.  On  the 
outbreak  of  the  war  with  Spain,  he  manifested  his 
patriotic  spirit  by  presenting  a  complete  and  fully 


JOHN   JACOB   ASTOR. 
COLONEL  IN    SPANISH-AMERICAN   WAR  AND  CAPITALIST. 


19 

equipped  and  manned  battery  of  artillery  to  the 
national  government.  Shortly  after  the  beginning 
of  the  war,  on  May  9,  1898,  he  was  commissioned 
Inspector  General,  with  the  rank  of  Lt.  Col.  U.  S.  A., 
and  with  orders  to  report  to  Major  General  J.  C. 
Breckenridge  and  to  accompany  him  on  an  inspection 
of  the  camps  of  Chickamauga  Park,  Huntsville, 
Tampa,  Key  West,  and  other  localities.  Subsequently 
he  was  detached  and  ordered  to  report  to  Major  Gen 
eral  W.  R.  Shafter,  at  Tampa,  Fla.,  for  duty  on  his 
staff  and  to  accompany  the  army  of  invasion  in  Cuba. 
After  the  landing  of  the  Army  in  Cuba,  he  took  part 
in  the  operations  of  the  Fifth  Army  Corps,  being 
actively  engaged  with  it  in  the  stirring  events  of  the 
battle,  siege  and  surrender  of  Santiago  de  Cuba. 
After  the  surrender  of  the  Spanish  forces,  he  was 
chosen  by  Major  General  Shafter,  commanding  the 
Army  of  Invasion,  to  deliver  the  official  terms  of 
capitulation  to  the  Secretary  of  War,  and  proceeded 
to  Washington  in  the  performance  of  this  duty.  He 
received  his  discharge  from  the  army  in  September, 
1898,  and  was  recommended  by  General  Shafter,  in 
his  report  to  the  Secretary  of  War,  to  be  brevetted 
Colonel  for  "  faithful  and  meritorious  services." 

Since  the  close  of  the  war  Colonel  Astor  has  re 
sided  in  New  York,  engaged  in  the  business  duties 
above  mentioned,  among  which  should  be  included 
the  erection  in  1897  °^  the  Astoria  Hotel.  This 
splendid  structure  immediately  adjoins  the  large 
Waldorf  Hotel,  previously  built  by  his  cousin, 
William  Waldorf  Astor,  the  two  hotels  having  since 
been  under  one  management  and  constituting  the 
Waldorf-Astoria,  one  of  the  largest  and  costliest 


20 

hotels  in  the  world,  and  in  great  measure  the  centre 
of  hotel  life  in  New  York.  More  recently  Colonel 
Astor  has  built,  at  great  cost,  another  fine  hotel,  the 
St.  Regis,  opened  to  the  public  in  1904. 

Colonel  Astor's  time  is  by  no  means  all  taken 
up  by  business  and  social  duties.  His  mind  turns 
strongly  to  invention,  and  his  ability  in  this  direction 
is  testified  to  by  a  number  of  useful  devices  upon 
which  patents  have  been  issued  to  him,  one  of  these, 
a  pneumatic  machine  to  remove  wornout  material 
from  roads  before  new  stone  is  laid  down,  was  exhib 
ited  by  him  in  1893  at  the  Chicago  World's  Fair,  and 
was  awarded  a  first  prize.  It  acts  by  means  of  an  air- 
blast,  which  blows  off  the  pulverized  stone  after  it 
has  been  crushed.  It  is  a  device  that  is  likely  to 
prove  of  great  utility  in  the  macadamizing  of  country 
roads,  and  has  been  highly  commended  by  the  Scien 
tific  American.  Another  invention,  decidedly  more 
ambitious  in  character,  but  certainly  of  doubtful 
utility,  is  one  designed  to  induce  rain.  Its  purpose 
is  to  move  large  volumes  of  surface  air  by  a  suitable 
mechanical  device,  and  convey  it  to  the  upper  atmos 
phere  through  a  conduit.  The  idea  underlying  the 
device  is,  that  by  moving  a  volume  of  warm  moist 
air  to  the  colder  upper  regions  and  preventing  its 
mingling  with  the  atmosphere  while  ascending  it  will 
discharge  its  moisture  as  rain.  The  practical  appli 
cation  of  this  idea  has  not  yet  been  realized,  Colonel 
Astor  having  contented  himself  with  proposing  the 
theory  instead  of  constructing  the  mechanical  means  for 
its  utilization.  Whether  it  will  be  effective  can  only  be 
told  by  a  practical  demonstration,  and  the  difficulty  and 
costliness  of  that  would  doubtless  prove  very  great. 


21 

An  invention  which  seems  far  more  likely  to  be 
of  utility  is  that  of  a  practical  turbine  engine.  On 
this  he  has  taken  out  American  and  foreign  patents, 
but  with  creditable  generosity  has  presented  the  en 
tire  device  to  the  public.  In  addition  to  his  me 
chanical  inventions,  Colonel  Astor  has  entered  the 
field  of  authorship,  and  has  shown  a  marked  literary 
ability  in  his  book  entitled  "  A  Journey  in  Other 
Worlds,  a  romance  of  the  Future."  The  story  is  an 
ideal  conception  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  planets 
Jupiter  and  Saturn,  and  is  a  curious  and  interesting 
piece  of  fiction,  with  a  plot  handled  in  a  very  original 
manner. 

As  may  be  perceived  from  the  above  statement, 
Colonel  Astor's  time  has  been  somewhat  actively  and 
usefully  employed.  Aside  from  his  business,  literary 
and  mechanical  labors,  he  has  long  been  an  ardent 
lover  of  sports  and  outdoor  recreation  and  is  an  active 
member  of  many  country  clubs.  He  is  especially 
interested  in  autoniobiling,  in  which  he  takes  a  great 
delight;  being  very  expert  in  driving  his  cars,  through 
his  thorough  and  practical  knowledge  of  their  me 
chanism  and  construction.  Cruising  on  his  large 
steam  yacht  Nourmahal  is  another  form  of  outdoor 
enjoyment  of  which  he  is  very  fond. 

In  1891  Colonel  Astor  married  Miss  Ava  L. 
Willing,  of  Philadelphia,  a  descendant  of  a  prominent 
Pennsylvania  family,  whose  ancestors  came  to  Amer 
ica  with  William  Penn,  and  who  still  hold  much  of 
the  original  family  property.  This  marriage  united 
two  of  the  leading  Knickerbocker  and  Quaker  family 
stocks.  There  are  two  children,  a  son,  William 
Vincent  Astor,  born  1892,  and  a  daughter. 


22 

His  club  membership,  above  spoken  of,  includes 
the  Metropolitan,  Union,  Knickerbocker,  Brook, 
New  York  Yacht,  Riding,  Racquet  and  Tennis, 
Country  and  Tuxedo  Clubs,  the  Society  of  Colonial 
Wars,  etc.  His  city  residence  is  at  No.  840  Fifth 
Avenue,  New  York ;  his  country  home  at  his  birth 
place  of  FernclifT,  Rhinebeck,  N.  Y.  His  business 
office,  occupied  by  his  secretary,  is  at  No.  23  West 
26th  Street,  New  York. 


REAR   ADMIRAL  THOMAS   HOLDUP  STEVENS. 
UNITED  STATES  NAVY. 


Rear    Admiral    THOMAS  HOLDUP  STEVENS. 

United  States  Navy. 

Was  born  in  Connecticut,  son  of  Commodore 
Thomas  Holdup  Stevens.  Appointed  midshipman 
from  Connecticut  in  1836,  and  in  1849  became  a  lieu 
tenant  ;  was  ordered  to  the  command  of  the  Ottawa 
early  in  1862.  In  this  vessel  took  part  in  the  action 
of  the  squadron  at  Port  Royal,  capture  of  Forts  Walpu 
and  Beauregard,  battle  of  Port  Royal  Ferry,  and  the 
different  engagements  with  Tatnall's  fleet.  For 
many  months  after  was  commander  of  the  Ottawa  in 
the  waters  of  Florida.  Received  commission  as  com 
mander  in  July,  1862,  and  commanded  the  Maratanza 
during  the  battle  of  Malvern  Hill.  In  command  of 
Monitor  for  a  short  time;  next  commanded  Sonoma 
in  the  West  India  Squadron  and  captured  several 
blockade  runners.  In  command  of  the  monitor  Pa- 
tapsco,  and  on  September  8,  1863,  commanded  the 
boat  assault  on  Fort  Sumter.  Next  commanded  the 
Oneida,  and  in  August,  1864,  took  command  of  the 
Winnebago,  in  which  he  took  part  in  the  battle  of 
Mobile  Bay  and  the  capture  of  the  Tennessee  and  her 
consorts.  Resumed  command  of  the  Oneida  and  re 
mained  in  command  of  the  Texas  division  of  the 
West  Gulf  Blockading  Squadron,  participating  in  the 
final  operations  of  the  war,  and  returned  north  in  the 
Oneida  in  August,  1865.  Received  stirring  testi 
monials  in  regard  to  his  conduct  from  every  superior 
officer  under  whom  he  served,  including  Rear  Ad 
mirals  Dupont,  Wilkes,  John  Rodgers,  Dahlgren, 


26 


Rowan,  Farragut  and  Le  Roy.  Commanded  frigate 
Guerriere  after  the  war,  then  the  Navy  Yard  at 
Norfolk,  and  then  the  Pacific  Squadron.  Retired 
May  21,  iSSr.  Died  May  15,  1896. 


COMMODORE  THOMAS   HOLDUP   STEVENS. 
UNITED  STATES   NAVY. 


29 


Commodore  THOMAS  HOLDUP  STEVENS. 

United  States  Navy. 

Was  born  in  Charleston,  S.  C.,  February  22,  1795. 
Lost  parents,  whose  name  was  Holdup,  in  early  life, 
and  was  adopted  by  a  citizen  of  Charleston  who  pro 
cured  for  him  a  midshipman's  warrant  in  1809.  Vol 
unteered  for  service  on  the  Lakes  in  the  beginning  of 
the  war  of  1812,  and  was  assigned  to  duty  under 
Capt.  Samuel  Angus  on  the  Niagara  frontier.  Was 
one  of  the  leaders  that  captured  the  enemy's  artillery 
in  a  night  attack  opposite  Black  Rock,  Morgan's  Run. 
Was  one  of  a  scaling  party  that  dislodged  the  British 
grenadiers  by  burning  their  barracks  at  Fort  Erie, 
and  although  wounded  in  the  right  hand,  remained 
after  the  naval  force  had  retreated,  and  with  two  other 
midshipmen  and  five  seamen  spiked  the  enemy's  guns 
and  recrossed  Niagara  River  at  a  great  risk  in  a 
leaky  canoe  ;  was  made  lieutenant  for  his  bravery  in 
this  action  on  July  24,  1813.  Commanded  the  sloop 
Trippe  in  the  battle  of  Lake  Erie  and  fought 
against  the  rear  of  the  enemy's  line,  passing  ahead  of 
the  Tigress  and  Porcupine  and  firing  at  the  Queen 
Charlotte  until  she  struck  her  colors,  and,  with 
Stephen  Champliii,  chasing  and  bringing  back  two 
of  the  enemy's  vessels  when  they  tried  to  escape. 
For  these  achievements  was  given  a  silver  medal  by 
Congress,  and  the  citizens  of  Charleston  presented 
him  with  a  sword.  In  1814  was  ordered  to  command 
the  frigate  Java  on  a  cruise  to  the  Mediterranean.  In 
1815  changed  his  name  to  Stevens,  which  was  that 


30 

of  his  early  benefactor.  In  1819-20  attached  to  the 
frigate  Constellation.  Performed  valuable  service 
in  supressiiig  piracy  in  the  West  Indies.  Promoted 
to  master  commandant  March  3,  1825.  His  last  com 
mand  was  the  Ontario  sloop  of  the  Mediterranean 
squadron  in  1830-32.  Was  made  captain,  at  that 
time  the  highest  rank  in  the  service,  on  January  27, 
1836.  In  command  of  the  station  and  navy  yard  at 
Washington  until  his  sudden  death  on  January  22, 
1841. 


REAR    ADMIRAL    C.    R.    P.    RODGERS. 
UNITED    STATES     NAVY. 


33 


Rear  Admiral  C.  R.  P.  RODGERS. 

United  States  Navy. 

Was  born  November  14,  1819,  in  Brooklyn,  N.Y. 
Was  appointed  midshipman  from  Connecticut  Octo 
ber  5,  1833.  Attached  to  frigate  Brandy  wine  and 
sloop  Vincennes,  Pacific  Station,  1834-36.  Navy 
yard,  New  York,  1837.  Sloop  Fan-field  and  brig  Dol 
phin,  Brazil  Squadron,  1837-39.  Promoted  to  passed 
midshipman  July  8,  1839.  Schooner  Flirt,  coast  of 
Florida,  1839-40,  and  in  command  of  schooner 
Phoenix,  1841-42,  being  actively  employed  in  the 
Seminole  War  during  those  three  years.  Sloop 
Saratoga,  coast  of  the  United  States,  1842-43.  Com 
missioned  as  lieutenant  September  4,  1844.  Served 
in  Mediterranean  Squadron  in  frigate  Cumberland, 
1843-45,  and  in  store  ship  Lexington,  1845.  Coast 
survey,  1846.  Frigate  Potomac  and  sloop  Albany, 
blockading  Mexican  coast,  1847.  Present  and  in  the 
trenches  at  the  reduction  of  Vera  Cruz,  and  at  the 
capture  of  Tuspan  and  Tabasco,  Coast  survey, 
1848-49.  Frigate  Congress,  Brazil  Squadron,  1850-51. 
Frigate  Constitution,  coast  of  Africa,  1852-55.  Coast 
survey,  commanding  steamer  Bibb  and  schooner 
Gallatin,  1856-57.  Steam  frigate  Wabash,  of  the 
Mediterranean  Squadron,  1858-59.  Commandant  of 
midshipmen  at  Naval  Academy,  1 860-61.  Com 
missioned  commander  October  15,  1861.  Served  in 
frigate  Wabash,  as  captain,  1861-63.  Was  in  com 
mand  of  the  Wabash  at  the  battle  of  Port  Royal, 
November,  1861.  '  Commanded  steam  sloop  Iroquois, 


34 

1863-65,  on  special  service.  Commissioned  captain 
July  25,  1866;  at  the  navy  yard  at  Norfolk,  1865-67. 
In  command  of  Franklin,  Mediterranean  Squadron, 
1868-70.  Special  service  in  Burope,  1871.  Chief  of 
bureau  of  yards  and  docks,  1871-74.  Commissioned 
rear  admiral  June  14,  1874.  Superintendent  at  the 
Naval  Academy,  1874-78.  In  command  of  the  Pacific 
Squadron,  1878-80.  Superintendent  Naval  Academy, 
1881.  Retired  in  1881.  Died  in  1892. 


REAR    ADMIRAL    JAMES     E.    JOUETT. 
UNITED     STATES     NAVY. 


37 


Rear  Admiral  JAMES  E.  JOUETT. 
United  States  Navy. 

Was  born  in  Kentucky,  February  27,  1828.  Ap 
pointed  from  Kentucky  September  10,  1841.  Com 
missioned  passed  midshipman  August  10,  1847 ; 
master,  September  14,  1855  ;  lieutenant,  Septem 
ber  15,  1855  >  lieutenant  commander,  July  16,  1862  ; 
commander,  July  25,  1866;  captain,  January  6,  1874; 
commodore,  January  n,  1883;  rear  admiral,  Feb 
ruary  19,  1886.  Rear  Admiral  Jouett  entered  the 
navy  of  the  United  States  as  a  midshipman  Septem 
ber  10,  1841,  and  passed  through  the  successive  grades 
of  the  service  to  the  outbreak  of  the  late  war,  when, 
on  the  night  of  November  17,  1861,  holding  then  the 
position  of  a  lieutenant  in  the  United  States  Navy, 
and  serving  on  board  the  United  States  frigate  Santee ; 
made  himself  conspicuous  for  gallantry  in  conducting 
a  hazardous  boat  expedition  against  the  Confederate 
vessel  of  war  Royal  Yacht,  off  Galveston,  Texas,  and 
in  capturing  and  destroying  said  vessel,  in  which 
encounter  he  received  a  severe  pike  wound  in  the  arm 
and  side,  and  for  which  hazardous  and  important 
service  he  was  recommended  by  his  immediate  com 
manding  officer,  Captain  Henry  Eagle,  for  a  command 
suitable  to  his  rank  ;  he  was  complimented  in  general 
orders  by  Flag  Officer  William  W.  McKean,  com 
manding  the  squadron,  and  ordered  by  the  secretary 
of  the  navy,  who  officially  expressed  the  department's 
appreciation  of  his  "  daring  and  successful  exploit," 
to  proceed  to  Washington,  so  that  he  might  u  be  given 


a  command  worthy  of  his  gallantry."  Later,  when 
commanding  the  United  States  gunboat  Metacomet 
in  the  fight  in  Mobile  Bay,  August  5,  1864,  he 
promptly  pursued  and  captured  the  Confederate  war 
steamer  Selma  after  a  desperate  conflict,  and  also 
rendered  other  gallant  service  during  that  fight,  for 
which  he  was  commended  to  the  secretary  of  the  navy 
by  Admiral  David  G.  Farragut,  commander-in-chief, 
who  reported  that  "  Lieutenant  Commander  Jouett's 
promptness  and  coolness  throughout  the  fight  merited 
high  praise,  received  his  warmest  commendation,  and 
was  worthy  of  his  reputation."  For  the  gallantry  dis 
played  on  that  occasion  Commander  James  B.  Jouett 
was  recommended  by  a  board  of  officers,  of  which 
Admiral  Farragut  was  president,  appointed  in  1865, 
"  to  consider  the  claims  of  officers  of  the  navy  for 
advancement  for  heroic  conduct  in  battle,"  to  be  pro 
moted  thirty  numbers ;  but  for  some  reasons  the 
advancement  was  never  made.  Lieutenant  Jouett 
subsequently  commanded  the  Montgomery  and  R.  R. 
Cuyler,  and  was  actively  engaged  in  blockade  duty. 
His  next  command  was  the  side  wheel  wooden  steamer 
Metacomet,  which  participated  in  the  fight  in  Mobile 
Bay,  and  was  lashed  to  the  side  of  Rear  Admiral 
Farragut's  flagship,  the  Hartford,  and  passed  the 
forts  with  her.  It  was  in  this  fight,  August  5.  1864, 
that  Captain  (then  lieutenant  commander)  Jouett  was 
again  eminent  and  conspicuous  in  battle.  Rear 
Admiral  Farragut  says  in  his  report:  "  Finding  my 
self  raked  by  the  rebel  gunboats,  I  ordered  the  Meta 
comet  to  cast  off  and  go  in  pursuit  of  them,  one  of 
which,  the  Selma,  she  succeeded  in  capturing.  Captain 
Jouett  was  after  her  in  a  moment,  and  in  an  hour's 


39 

time  he  had  her  as  his  prize Lieutenant 

Commander  Jouett's  conduct  during  the  whole  affair 
commands  my  warmest  commendation.  The  Morgan 
and  Gaines  succeeded  in  escaping  under  the  pro 
tection  of  the  guns  of  Fort  Morgan,  which  would  have 
been  prevented  had  the  other  gunboats  been  as  prompt 
in  their  movements  as  the  Metacomet."  Again  he 
reports :  "  Our  little  consort,  the  Metacomet,  was 
under  my  immediate  eye  during  the  whole  of  the 
action  up  to  the  moment  I  ordered  her  to  cast  off  in 
pursuit  of  the  Selma.  The  coolness  and  promptness 
of  Lieutenant  Commander  Jouett,  throughout,  merit 
high  praise,  his  whole  conduct  was  worthy  of  his 
reputation."  Admiral  louett  died  in  1902. 


Rear  Admiral  GEORGE  W.  MELVILLE. 

United  States  Navy. 

It  is  rare  to  find  high  professional  ability  and  the 
capacity  to  attend  scrupulously  to  office  work  and  de 
tails  combined  in  the  same  individual  with  the  daring 
spirit  and  dauntless  courage  which  lead  to  gallant 
deeds  in  the  face  of  the  most  distressing  conditions 
under  which  men  can  be  placed.  The  u  sound  body  " 
enabled  the  u  sound  mind  "  to  do  such  things  as  Mel 
ville  has  accomplished,  for  his  life  has  been  one  of 
strange  and  stirring  adventure.  Although  his  name 
will  ever  be  associated  with  the  Jeannette  Expedition, 
he  was  a  volunteer  for  two  other  well-known  similar 
ventures  to  the  far  north,  each  of  which  accomplished 
its  mission,  "  tuto,  cito,  jucunde" — owing,  in  great 
measure,  to  the  knowledge  which  he  had  of  the  things 
to  be  provided, — a  complete  outfit  being  the  necessary 
adjunct  of  success  in  undertakings  of  this  nature. 
De  Long,  in  his  journals,  bears  full  testimony  to  his 
cheerful  and  steady  co-operation  during  that  trying 
drift  through  entirely  unknown  seas.  When  the  su 
preme  moment  came,  and  with  their  own  resources 
cut  down  to  the  lowest  amount,  the  party  had  to 
make  for  an  imknown  shore,  over  a  vast  extent  of  ice 
and  water,  Melville  was  equal  to  the  occasion.  He 
commanded  one  of  the  three  boats  engaged  in  the  re 
treat,  and  accomplished  the  feat  of  bringing  that 
whale-boat's  crew  out  alive, — while  the  others  per 
ished,  either  in  the  icy  waters  of  the  Arctic  or  the 
equally  inhospitable  waste  about  the  Lena  delta. 
Most  men  would  have  thought  that  they  had  done 


REAR    ADMIRAL    GEORGE    W.     MELVILLE. 
UNITED     STATES    NAVY. 


43 

enough  ;  but,  after  a  few  days  of  rest  to  recuperate 
his  forces,  he  again  took  his  life  in  his  hands  and  led 
a  party  which  discovered,  far  down  in  that  lonely 
wintry  waste,  the  bodies  of  De  Long,  Dr.  Ambler 
and  their  ill-starred  companions.  One  boat,  he 
rightly  judged,  had  been  lost  during  a  night  of 
storm,  as  they  were  approaching  the  land.  In  search 
ing  for  the  other  boat's  crew  "  he  fought  his  perilous 
and  painful  way,  mile  by  mile,  through  the  rigors  of 
perpetual  winter  and  floating  archipelagoes  of  ice 
along  the  Arctic  coast  for  over  five  hundred  miles, 
surviving  the  privations  which  had  been  fatal  to  so 
many,  and  persevered  until  his  search  was  rewarded 
by  the  recovery  of  all  the  records  of  the  Jeannette 
Expedition."  In  the  face  of  obstacles  presented  by 
the  worst  season,  he  penetrated  to  the  mouth  of  the 
Lena  in  his  search,  and  left  no  doubt  that  the  un 
fortunate  crew  of  the  third  boat  had  not  succeeded  in 
reaching  the  shore.  As  it  was,  he  contributed  to  the 
geography  of  the  world  a  new  and  important  chart  of 
that  region.  It  was  under  his  charge  that  the  rude 
but  massive  tomb  was  built  which  sheltered  the  poor 
remains  of  the  lost,  "  and  the  rites  of  Christian  bur 
ial  were  performed  over  these  martyrs  to  science  and 
humanity,  where  perpetual  winter  had  embalmed 
them."  They  were,  however,  subsequently  exhumed 
by  order  of  the  United  States  Government  and 
brought  home,  to  be  laid  among  the  dust  of  their 
kin,  with  impressive  ceremonies.  The  Russian  Gov 
ernment  offered  every  assistance  to  the  officers  who 
accomplished  this  pious  mission,  while  our  own  Gov 
ernment  conferred  substantial  rewards  upon  those 
who  had  aided  Melville  in  his  extremity.  For  his 
Arctic  services  Engineer  Melville  afterwards  received 


44 

special  promotion,  with  the  approbation  of  the  whole 
navy  and  of  the  country  at  large.  Engineer-in-Chief 
Melville  was  born  in  New  York,  of  Scottish  lineage, 
on  January  10,  1841,  and  his  education  was  acquired 
in  the  public  schools,  the  school  of  the  Christian 
Brothers  and  the  Brooklyn  Polytechnic  School. 
He  entered  the  navy  at  the  outbreak  of  the  Civil 
War,  and  served  well  and  faithfully,  both  during  that 
trying  period  and  afterwards, — when  peace  came,— 
on  our  own  coast,  in  the  West  Indies,  in  Brazil  and 
on  the  East  India  Station,  besides  duty  at  navy 
yards.  He  was  everywhere  a  favorite  on  account  of 
his  cheerful,  modest  and  unostentatious  deportment, 
as  well  as  for  the  zeal,  bravery  and  endurance  which 
he  showed  on  all  occasions  which  were  calculated  to 
bring  forth  those  qualities, — and  there  are  not  few, 
even  in  the  ordinary  course  of  service.  Melville  was 
made  engineer-in-chief  of  the  navy,  and  chief  of  the 
Bureau  of  Steam  Engineering  in  August,  1877,  and 
in  January,  1892,  was  recommissioned  in  the  same 
office,  with  the  entire  approbation  of  the  whole  navy, 
as  well  as  that  of  the  great  industrial  establishments 
with  which  he  necessarily  comes  in  contact  in  con 
ducting  a  vast  business.  As  an  instance  of  his  ability 
to  accomplish  unusual  feats,  and  his  capacity  for  ex 
traordinary  effort,  we  may  mention  the  fact  that  in 
the  summer  of  1887  he  himself  prepared  the  general 
designs  of  the  machinery  of  five  vessels  of  the  new 
navy.  January,  1896,  reappointed  for  the  third  term 
as  chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Steam  Engineering,  and 
again  for  the  fourth  time  in  1900.  He  was  retired  in 
1903,  but  his  interest  in  political  matters  is  as  keen 
and  his  judgmeat  as  good  as  when  he  was  in  the 
very  prime  of  life. 


REAR     ADMIRAL    ARTHUR     BURTIS. 
UNITED     STATES     NAVY. 


47 


Rear   Admiral    ARTHUR   BURTIS. 
United  States  Navy. 

Was  born  in  New  York,  and  appointed  assistant 
paymaster  from  that  State  by  Mr.  Lincoln  in  1862  ; 
his  grandfather,  Arthur  Burtis,  was  an  Alderman  of 
the  City  of  New  York  from  1813  to  1819;  his  great 
grandfather  and  great  great-grandfather  both  served 
in  the  Revolutionary  War.  His  father  was  the  Rev. 
Arthur  Burtis,  D.  D.,  an  eminent  clergyman  of  Buf 
falo,  N.  Y.  Young  Burtis'  first  orders  were  to  duty 
under  Admiral  Farragut  in  the  Sagamore,  but  on  the 
way  there  in  the  supply  steamer  Rhode  Island  he 
contracted  yellow  fever  and  was  sent  north  ;  upon  re 
covering  was  ordered  to  the  Connecticut,  employed  in 
convoying  the  California  steamers  through  the  Car 
ibbean  Sea  ;  the  Connecticut  was  next  on  the  block 
ade,  capturing  four  noted  blockade-runners ;  also 
caused  the  destruction  of  four  more,  in  the  course  of 
which  duty  she  was  engaged  with  Fort  Fisher.  From 
1864  to  T866  Paymaster  Burtis  was  attached  to  the 
Muscoota,  of  the  Gulf  Squadron  ;  while  in  the  Mus- 
coota  he  was  promoted  to  paymaster,  May  4,  1866  ; 
from  1867  to  1869  he  was  stationed  at  League  Island  ; 
from  1870  to  1873  was  attached  to  the  Brooklyn, 
which  ship  brought  the  body  of  Admiral  Farragut 
from  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  to  New  York,  and  then 
went  for  a  cruise  in  European  waters — part  of  the 
three  years'  cruise  on  the  Brooklyn  he  was  the  fleet 
paymaster  of  the  European  fleet.  Upon  his  return 
home,  after  service  at  the  Bureau  of  Provisions  and 


48 

Clothing,  Navy  Department,  1873,  he  became  in 
spector  of  provisions  and  clothing  at  the  navy  yard, 
Philadelphia,  from  1874  to  1877  ;  most  of  the  time 
he  had  the  additional  duty  of  paymaster  of  the  re 
ceiving-ship  St.  Louis.  In  1878  he  was  a  member  of 
the  Board  of  Examiners  ;  again  ordered  to  League 
Island,  and  after  about  a  year's  service  there  went  to 
the  practice-ship  Constellation  for  her  summer  cruise 
with  the  cadets  of  the  Naval  Academy.  After  this  he 
was  for  some  time  on  special  duty  at  navy  pay  office, 
New  York  ;  from  1883  to  1886  he  was  attached  to  the 
Galena,  of  the  North  Atlantic  Squadron  ;  the  Galena 
was  at  Aspinwall  in  the  spring  of  1885  ;  during  the 
rebellion  on  the  Isthmus,  and  when  that  city  was 
burned,  the  officers  and  crew  of  the  ship  prevented 
much  destruction  of  property  and  loss  of  life ;  the 
Galena  also  seized  at  St.  Andrew's  Island  the  filibus 
tering  steamer  City  of  Mexico,  in  February,  1886. 
From  June,  1886,  to  May,  1889,  was  the  paymaster 
of  the  navy  yard,  New  York  ;  he  next  went  to  the 
Vermont,  receiving-ship  at  New  York,  and  in  Janu 
ary,  1890,  was  ordered  as  fleet  paymaster  of  the  Pa 
cific  Squadron  in  the  flagship  Charleston.  The 
Charleston  brought  King  Kalakau  from  the  Sandwich 
Islands  to  California,  and  took  his  remains  back  to 
Honolulu  in  January,  1891  ;  from  the  Charleston  he 
was  transferred  to  the  flagship  San  Francisco,  March 
31,  1891  ;  the  San  Francisco  was  in  Chili  during  the 
revolution  in  1891,  and  in  Valparaiso  when  Balma- 
ceda's  army  was  defeated  and  the  Congressional 
forces  captured  that  city,  August  28,  1891  ;  he  was 
promoted  to  pay  inspector,  September  21,  1891  ;  was 
detached  from  the  flagship  San  Francisco,  January  30, 


49 

1892  ;  Pay  Inspector  Navy  Yard,  New  York,  Decem 
ber,  1892-1900;  and  he  was  member  Board  of  In 
spection  and  Survey,  January,  1896-97  ;  U.  S.  S.  New 
York,  fleet  paymaster,  1897,  North  Atlantic  Station. 
The  New  York  was  at  Tortugas  when  the  Maine  was 
destroyed  in  Havana,  February  15,  1898  ;  captured 
the  Spanish  steamer  Pedro,  April  22,  1898,  and  later 
several  other  prizes  ;  action  with  the  Matanzas  bat 
teries,  April  27,  1898;  engagements,  San  Juan,  Porto 
Rico,  May  12,  1898  ;  engagements,  Santiago  de  Cuba, 
June  6,  1898;  action,  Santiago,  June  16,  1898;  ac 
tion,  Aguadores,  Cuba,  July  i,  1898 ;  action,  San 
tiago,  July  2,  1898  ;  action  with  Cervera's  fleet,  July  3, 
1898;  promoted  to  pay  director,  May  5,  1898;  de 
tached  from  the  New  York,  July  3,  1899  ;  in  charge 
of  Navy  Pay  Office,  Boston,  Mass.,  December  30, 
1899-1902  ;  Navy  Pay  Office,  New  York,  1902  ;  re 
tired,  November  21,  1902,  with  rank  of  rear  admiral; 
received  the  honorary  degree  of  A.  M.  from  Hobart 
College ;  member  of  the  St.  Nicholas  Society  of  New 
York,  the  Holland  Society  of  New  York,  the  Sons  of 
the  American  Revolution,  the  Kappa  Alpha  Society, 
the  St.  Nicholas  Club  of  New  York,  the  Union  Club 
of  New  York,  and  the  Council  of  the  Military  Order 
of  the  Loyal  Legion.  His  home  is  now  at  Buffalo, 
N.  Y. 


5° 


Brigadier-General    GEORGE    CROGHAN    REID. 

United  States  Marine  Corps. 

Was  born  in  Lorain,  Lorain  County,  Ohio,  Decem 
ber  15,  1840.  Studied  before  entering  service  at 
Oberliii  College,  Oberlin,  Ohio,  1860-1863.  Ap 
pointed  second-lieutenant,  U.  S.  M.  C.,  July  2,  1846; 
aide-de-camp  to  Brigadier-General,  Commandant,  U. 
S.  M.  C.,  April  20,  1867.  Promoted  first  lieutenant, 
August  29,  1869.  Graduated  Law  Department,  Col 
umbian  University,  Washington,  D.  C.,  and  admitted 
to  the  bar,  June,  1873.  Promoted  captain,  April  2, 
1884  ;  adjutant  and  inspector  U.  S.  M.  C.,  with  the 
rank  of  major,  May  2,  1894  ;  colonel,  March  3,  1899. 
Served  1864-66,  Marine  Barracks,  Washington,  D.  C.; 
1866-67,  at  sea?  U.  S.  S.  Monongahela ;  1867-76, 
aide-de-camp,  Headquarters,  Washington,  D.  C.;  Feb 
ruary,  1877,  to  November,  1879,  at  sea,  U.  S.  S. 
Trenton  and  U.  S.  S.  Marion  ;  December,  1879,  to 
May,  1882,  Navy  Yard,  Portsmouth,  N.  H.;  May, 
1882,  to  October,  1884,  at  sea,  U.  S.  S.  Vandalia  and 
U.  S.  S.  Galena;  November,  1884,  to  November, 
1887,  Navy  Yard,  Boston,  Mass.,  and  with  Naval  Ex 
pedition  on  Isthmus  of  Panama ;  November,  1887, 
to  April,  1889,  Marine  Barracks,  Washington,  D.  C.; 
April,  1889,  to  July,  1892,  at  sea,  U.  S.  S.  Chicago; 
November  i,  1892,  ordered  to  command  Marines, 
Navy  Yard,  Washington,  D.  C.;  January  10,  1892, 
appointed  a  member  of  Board  to  revise  U.  S.  Navy 
regulations;  August  21,  1892,  appointed  member  of 
Small  Arms  Board;  October  2^,  1893,  to  1896,  mem- 


BRIGADIER-GENERAL    GEORGE    CROGHAN    REID. 
UNITED    STATES    MARINE   CORPS. 


53 

her  of  Naval  Board  of  Inspection  and  Survey ;  Janu 
ary  12,  1901,  to  October  23,  1902,  member  of  Naval 
Board  of  Awards  ;  March  29,  1900,  appointed  mem 
ber  of  Naval  General  Board;  May  2,  1894,  to  date, 
Washington,  D.  C.,  as  Adjutant  and  Inspector,  U.  S. 
Marine  Corps,  and  Member  Naval  General  Board. 

Colonel  Reid  comes  of  a  military  lineage  that  in 
cludes  such  names  as  Schuyler,  Dennison,  Gillmore, 
and  Whipple,  and  it  was  but  natural  that  from  his 
entry  into  the  service  he  should  manifest  an  earnest 
interest  in  the  progress  and  welfare  of  his  Corps. 
His  office  combines  the  duties  of  both  Adjutant  Gen 
eral  and  Inspector  General.  He  has  been  an  earnest 
supporter  of  his  chief  in  every  effort  to  promote  the 
interests  of  the  Marine  Corps  ;  and  to  his  zealous  and 
faithful  performance  of  the  duties  of  his  office  is  due, 
in  considerable  measure,  the  present  efficient  status 
of  this  organization.  Retired  in  year  1905,  with  rank 
of  Brigadier-General. 


54 


BENJAMIN   F.   STEVENS. 

Benjamin  F.  Stevens  has  been  identified  with  life 
insurance  for  more  than  half  a  century,  and  for  the 
greater  part  of  that  time  he  has  held  high  official 
positions ;  and,  although  now  past  four  score,  he  may 
be  found  at  his  desk  daily  discharging  the  important 
duties  of  President  of  the  New  England  Life  Insur 
ance  Company.  Few  men  in  any  walk  of  life  can 
show  a  longer  or  more  continuous  record  of  active 
business  life.  Mr.  Stevens  was  born  in  Boston, 
March  6,  1824.  His  ancestors  were  of  Pilgrim  stock, 
he  being  a  direct  descendant  of  Richard  Warren  of 
the  Mayflower.  Warren's  granddaughter  married 
Anthony  Sprague  of  Hingham,  who  was  a  famous 
Indian  fighter,  and  from  whom  was  descended  Sam 
uel  Sprague,  who  was  one  of  the  famous  "  tea  party  " 
of  Boston,  and  who  also  served  with  conspicuous 
bravery  under  Washington  at  Trenton  and  all  during 
that  momentous  period  of  the  Revolution.  Samuel 
Sprague  was  the  grandfather  of  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  and  was  a  prominent  resident  of  Boston  for 
nearly  a  century,  he  having  died  when  at  the  ad 
vanced  age  of  more  than  ninety  years. 

Mr.  Stevens'  business  career  began  at  the  early 
age  of  fourteen,  at  which  time  he  entered  the  employ 
of  a  Boston  commission  house,  remaining  with  this 
concern  for  several  years,  and  acquiring  those  thor 
ough  business  habits  which  were  to  give  him  so  much 
prominence  in  later  years.  In  1843,  desiring  to  see 
something  of  the  world  beyond  his  native  land,  he 


BENJAMIN     F.    STEVENS. 


57 

accepted  the  position  of  Captain's  clerk  on  the  frigate 
Constitution,  so  famous  in  the  history  of  the  United 
States  Navy,  and  on  this  vessel,  during  his  three 
vears'  cruise,  visited  many  parts  of  the  world.  Upon 
his  return  to  the  United  States  he  entered  the  service 
of  the  New  England  Mutual  Life  Insurance  Com 
pany  as  its  Secretary.  By  a  close  and  intelligent 
application  to  his  duties  he  soon  mastered  the  details 
of  the  business,  and  in  a  comparatively  brief  period 
had  rendered  his  services  of  such  value  to  the  Com 
pany  that  he  was  selected  for  the  position  of  Vice- 
President.  This  office  he  filled  with  great  success  for 
several  years,  when  he  was  made  President  of  the 
Company,  a  position  which  he  has  occupied  continu 
ously  to  the  present  time.  Mr.  Stevens  is  an  author 
itative  writer  on  the  subject  of  life  insurance,  but  has 
not  confined  his  literary  efforts  to  this  subject.  He 
has  contributed  quite  liberally  on  the  subjects  of  Col 
onial  and  New  England  history,  and  kindred  topics. 
He  has  also  traveled  quite  extensively,  visiting  Eu 
rope  on  several  occasions,  and  his  travels  through  the 
United  States  and  the  West  Indies  have  made  him 
familiar  with  all  the  principal  live  features  and  char 
acteristics  of  this  continent.  During  all  this  period 
he  has  never  flagged  in  his  devotion  to  the  interests 
of  the  Company  of  which  he  is  the  head,  and  in  this 
connection  it  has  been  said  of  him  by  another :  u  To 
Mm  the  interests  of  the  New  England  Life  and  its 
many  policy  holders  have  ever  been  first,  and  in  the 
furtherance  of  those  interests  he  has  given  the  best 
years  of  his  life,  while  the  spirit  of  loyalty  per 
meating  the  office  of  the  Company  has  made  Mr. 
Stevens'  task  a  pleasant  one." 


Major  RICHARD  S.  COLLUM. 

United  States  Marine  Corps. 

Was  born  in  Indiana,  and  appointed  from  that 
State  an  acting  midshipman  in  the  Navy,  Septem 
ber  20,  1854,  and  resigned  May  7,  1857.  After  the 
Rebellion  broke  out  he  was  commissioned  second 
lieutenant,  September  7,  1861,  and  assigned  to  the 
frigate  St.  Lawrence,  where  he  served  until  May  30, 
1863.  During  that  period  he  served  in  the  South 
Atlantic  Squadron,  at  St.  Simons,  Ga.;  Port  Royal, 
South  Carolina ;  was  in  engagement  with  SewelPs 
Point  Battery  and  Confederate  ram  Merrimac,  Poto 
mac  River;  bombardment  of  Sewell's  Point  and  cap 
ture  of  Norfolk,  Va.;  East  Gulf  Squadron  and  three 
boat  expedition  on  the  Florida  coast  and  Indian 
River.  He  was  commissioned  first  lieutenant,  De 
cember  30,  1^62,  and  while  on  leave  in  July,  1863, 
volunteered  his  services  to  Governor  Morton,  of  Indi 
ana,  during  the  raid  of  the  Confederate  General 
Morgan,  and  was  placed  in  command  of  a  battalion 
of  provisional  troops  at  Cairo  and  Mound  City,  111.; 
was  on  duty  with  Mississippi  Squadron,  August, 

1863,  to   August,    1864,   and  during  that   period  en 
gaged  in  several  expeditions  into  Kentucky,  in  pur 
suit  of  guerillas ;    was  a   member  of    a   commission 
appointed  by   Admiral  Porter  to  investigate  charges 
against  certain  active  rebel  sympathizers    at  Louis 
ville,  Ky.     On  the   frigate  New  Ironsides,    August, 

1864,  to  April,  1865,  and  was  in   the  two  attacks  on 
Fort  Fisher ;  was  at  Navy  Yard,  Washington,  April, 


MAJOR     RICHARD    S.     COLLUM. 
UNITED  STATES   MARINE  CORPS. 


6i 


1865,  to  November,  1867,  and  in  temporary  command 
at  the  barracks  during  the  confinement  at  the  yard 
of  Paine  and  his  associate  conspirators ;  in  command 
of  Marine  Barracks,  Mound  City,  111.,  November, 
1867,  to  December,  1868  ;  U.  S.  S.  Richmond,  Med 
iterranean  Squadron,  January,  1869,  to  November, 
1871  ;  Naval  Academy,  January,  1872.  Commis 
sioned  captain,  March  13,  1872  ;  Marine  Barracks, 
Boston,  April,  1872,  to  January,  1875  ;  commanded 
detachment  of  marines  at  the  great  fire  in  Boston, 
November,  1872,  and  successfully  guarded  the  re 
moval  of  the  treasure  from  the  Sub-Treasury  to  the 
Custom  House  on  that  occasion  ;  headquarters,  Feb 
ruary,  1875,  to  June,  1875  ;  fleet  marine  officer  of  the 
Asiatic  Station,  and  by  special  appointment  of  the 
Navy  Department,  judge  advocate  of  the  fleet ;  flag 
ship  Tennessee,  June,  1875,  to  July,  1878  ;  member 
of  the  Board  of  Inspection,  August,  1878,  to  Novem 
ber,  1 88 1  ;  Marine  Barracks,  League  Island,  Pa.,  De 
cember,  1 88 1,  to  April,  1885  ;  expedition  to  Panama, 
April  and  May,  1885.  On  the  night  of  the  with 
drawal  of  our  forces  from  the  city  of  Panama,  and 
the  occupation  of  our  original  lines,  representations 
were  made  to  the  commanding  officers,  "  that  the  in 
surgents  were  much  excited,  that  drunkenness  pre 
vailed  to  an  alarming  extent,  and  that  a  violation  of 
the  armistice  was  in  contemplation."  At  10  P.  M. 
Captain  Collum  was  ordered  to  enter  the  city  alone, 
and  endeavor  to  ascertain  the  truth  of  the  report ; 
this  duty  was  successfully  performed.  Commissioned 
captain  and  assistant  quartermaster,  May  4,  1885  ;  in 
charge  of  the  Depot  of  Supplies,  Philadelphia,  Pa., 
May,  1885,  to  February,  1890;  Headquarters  of  Ma- 


rine  Corps,  February,  1890,  to  October,  1891  ;  assis 
tant  quartermaster's  office,  Philadelphia,  October, 
1891,  to  1897.  He  retired  with  the  rank  of  major, 
June,  1897.  He  died  at  his  home  in  West  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.,  January  3,  1905.  He  had  been  in  bad 
health  for  a  long  time,  and  more  than  a  year  ago  was 
compelled  to  resign  as  commandant  of  the  State 
Soldiers'  Home,  at  Brie,  because  he  was  physically 
unable  to  perform  the  duties  of  the  office.  Major 
Collum  was  a  member  of  the  Loyal  Legion,  Naval 
Order,  the  Society  of  Colonial  Wars,  Sons  of  the 
Revolution,  United  Service  Club  and  he  was  a  past 
commander  of  George  G.  Meade  Post,  Grand  Army 
of  the  Republic.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  three 
daughters  and  three  sons.  Major  Collum  was  the 
author  of  u  The  History  of  the  United  States  Marine 
Corps." 


COLONEL    WILLIAM     CONANT    CHURCH. 


Colonel  WILLIAM  CONANT  CHURCH. 

Was  born  in  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  August  n,  1836, 
removed  with  his  father's  family  to  Boston  in  1848, 
and  in  1854  established  his  residence  in  New  York 
City,  where  he  has  since  remained.  Born  in  a  fam 
ily  largely  devoted  to  literary  pursuits,  he  was  at  the 
age  of  nineteen  proprietor  of  a  weekly  publication, 
and  at  twenty-four  was  at  the  head  of  the  New  York 
Sun,  which  then  had  a  circulation  exceeding  sixty 
thousand.  He  withdrew  from  this  paper  in  1861  and 
was  traveling  in  Europe  at  the  outbreak  of  the  Civil 
War.  Returning  from  Europe  he  joined  the  Army 
of  the  Potomac  as  a  volunteer  aide,  on  the  staff  of  the 
late  General  Silas  Casey,  U.  S.  A.,  and  continued 
with  him  during  the  siege  of  Yorktown  and  through 
the  General's  subsequent  career  on  the  Peninsula, 
participating  in  the  battles  of  Williamsburg  and  that 
of  Fair  Oaks,  where  Colonel  Church  was  wounded. 
At  the  earliest  opportunity  General  Casey  appointed 
him  to  a  vacancy  on  his  staff,  giving  him  the  position 
of  acting  inspecting  and  mustering  officer  of  provis 
ional  brigades  with  rank  of  captain.  He  subse 
quently  received  the  brevets  of  major  and  lieutenant- 
colonel  of  volunteers.  In  the  establishment  of  the 
Army  and  Navy  Journal  he  was  associated  with  his 
brother,  Mr.  Francis  P.  Church,  and  together  they 
established  the  Galaxy  Magazine,  which  continued 
for  ten  years,  from  1868  to  1878,  and  then  merged 
with  the  Atlantic  Monthly  of  Boston.  Aside  from 


66 

his  work  on  the  two  periodicals  he  has  controlled, 
Colonel  Church  is  well  known  in  literary  circles 
through  his  "  Life  of  Ulysses  S.  Grant,"  published 
by  Putnam's,  1899  >  ^^s  contributions  to  the  Century 
Magazine,  Scribner's  Magazine,  and  other  publica 
tions  ;  and  by  his  "  Life  of  John  Ericsson,"  who  was, 
during  his  life,  a  frequent  contributor  to  the  Army 
and  Navy  Journal.  This  was  published  by  Scribner's 
in  1891. 

Colonel  Church  was  one  of  the  twelve  charter 
members  of  the  New  York  Commandery  of  the  Mil- 
tary  Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion.  He  has  been  junior 
and  senior  vice-commander  of  the  New  York  Com 
mandery.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Century  Club  and 
Union  League  Club  of  New  York,  the  Army  and 
Navy  Clubs  of  New  York  and  Washington,  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Authors'  Club  and  the  Barnard  Club,  a 
"fellow  in  perpetuity"  of  the  Metropolitan  Museum 
of  Art,  and  a  trustee  of  the  Zoological  Society  of  New 
York. 

The  position  and  character  of  Colonel  Church  may 
be  best  indicated  by  the  tributes  paid  to  him  at  a  din 
ner  which  his  friends  and  admirers  gave  in  his  honor 
last  winter  at  Delmonico's,  New  York.  The  occasion 
for  this  dinner  was  the  fortieth  anniversary  of  the 
establishment  of  the  Army  and  Navy  Journal,  which 
has  been  under  Colonel  Church's  charge  from  the  be 
ginning.  General  Francis  V.  Greene  presided,  and 
speeches  were  made  by  him,  by  Colonel  Church, 
Major-General  Adna  R.  Chaffee,  U.  S.  A.,  Rear  Ad 
miral  A.  S.  Barker,  U.  S.  N.,  Mayor  Seth  Low  of 
New  York,  Mr.  Charles  R.  Miller,  editor  of  the  New 
York  Times,  and  Mr.  Edmund  Clarence  Stedman,  in 


67 

the  order  named.  Letters  of  congratulation  were 
read  from  President  Roosevelt,  John  Hay,  Secretary 
of  State,  Elihu  Root,  Secretary  of  War,  W.  H. 
Moody,  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  Major-General  H.  C. 
Corbin,  Adjutant-General,  U.  S.  A.,  Senator  Joseph 
R.  Hawley,  Hon.  Abram  S.  Hewitt,  and  many  others. 
Those  seated  at  the  head  table  with  the  guest  of  the 
evening  were :  Hon.  Seth  Low,  Hon.  Cornelius  N. 
Bliss,  ex-Secretary  of  the  Interior,  Judge  J.  C.  Gray, 
of  the  New  York  Court  of  Appeals,  Major-General 
A.  R.  Chaffee,  U.  S.  A.,  Rear  Admiral  A.  S.  Barker, 
U.  S.  N.,  General  Grenville  M.  Dodge,  Rear  Admiral 
G.  W.  Melville,  U.  S.  N.,  Rear  Admiral  R.  B.  Brad 
ford,  U.  .S.  N.,  Hon.  Andrew  H.  Green,  Judge  H.  A. 
Gildersleeve,  Edmund  Clarence  Stedman,  Colonel 
Daniel  Appleton,  N.  G.  N.  Y.,  Richard  Watson  Gil 
der,  Charles  R.  Miller,  Francis  P.  Church  and  Wil- 
lard  Church. 


68 


Captain  J.   W.   MILLER. 

Was  born  in  Morristown,  N.  J.,  June  i,  1847  ; 
son  of  Honorable  J.  W.  Miller,  United  States  Sena 
tor  from  that  State.  Entered  the  Naval  Academy 
September,  1863  ;  graduated  June,  1867.  Lived  the 
ordinary  routine  life  of  junior  officer  until  1872,  serv 
ing  on  the  European,  Pacific  and  West  Indian  sta 
tions  ;  was  appointed  to  special  service  in  connection 
with  the  Nicaragua  Inter-Oceanic  Canal  Survey  in 
1872  ;  surveyed  portion  of  the  Western  Divide,  and 
had  charge  of  the  hydrographic  work  on  the  San 
Juan  River.  He  returned  to  Nicaragua  in  the 
autumn  of  1873  as  secretary  to  the  commission  ap 
pointed  by  the  United  States  Government  to  deter 
mine  which  was  the  best  route  for  a  ship  canal  across 
the  Isthmus  ;  after  completing  this  work  he  was  en 
gaged  in  Washington  in  writing  the  report  on  the 
Nicaragua  Canal. 

In  1875  he  was  ordered  to  the  European  squadron 
and  served  in  the  Mediterranean  on  board  the  Frank 
lin.  During  the  winter  of  1877  and  1878  he  was  on 
board  the  Vandalia  when  General  Grant  visited  the 
Levant  in  the  course  of  his  celebrated  trip  around  the 
world.  Having  completed  his  three  years  of  sea  ser 
vice  in  European  waters,  Mr.  Miller  was  assigned  to 
duty  at  the  Naval  Academy  as  instructor  of  ordnance 
and  gunnery,  where  he  remained  until  1881,  when  he 
was  ordered  once  more  to  sea,  and  made  his  last  cruise 
in  the  U.  S.  S.  Jamestown  as  her  navigator  from  San 


CAPTAIN    J.    W.     MILLER. 


71 

Francisco  to  New  York,  when  that  vessel  came  to  the 
Atlantic  under  sail.  This  was  probably  the  last  sail 
ing  man-of-war  that  went  around  Cape  Horn.  After 
returning  from  this  voyage  he  left  the  Navy  and 
went  to  Kansas,  where  he  became  identified  with  rail 
road  interests,  and  was  made  vice-president  and  gen 
eral  manager  of  the  St.  Louis,  Fort  Scott  &  Wichita 
Railroad.  He  remained  with  this  and  other  corpora 
tions  in  the  West  until  May,  1886,  when  he  was 
tendered  and  accepted  the  position  of  general  mana 
ger  of  the  Providence  &  Stonington  Steamship  Com 
pany,  and  of  the  New  York,  Providence  &  Boston 
Railroad.  In  May,  1889,  he  was  elected  president  of 
the  Providence  &  Stonington  Steamship  Company. 
He  is  also  president  of  the  Nicaragua  Company  and 
the  Newport  and  Wickford  Railroad  &  Steamboat 
Company,  and  has  other  marine  and  railroad  inter 
ests.  Mr.  Miller  took  an  active  part  in  the  develop 
ment  of  the  Naval  Militia  of  this  State ;  was  the  first 
commander  of  the  New  York  Naval  Battalion  at  its 
organization  in  1891,  and  is  now  captain  of  the 
Naval  Militia  of  the  State.  He  entered  the  Navy 
in  1898,  during  the  Spanish- American  War,  as 
lieutenant-commander,  and  had  command  of  the 
Third  District,  Auxiliary  Naval  Force.  In  1894 
he  was  a  member  of  the  New  York  Chamber  of  Com 
merce  Committee  on  Docks,  and  for  several  years  has 
been  on  the  Committee  on  Schoolship  St.  Mary's. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  following  clubs  :  The  Univer 
sity,  on  the  council  of  which  club  he  served  for  many 
years ;  of  the  Century  and  Seawanhaka ;  one  of  the 
council  of  the  Naval  Alumni  Association  of  New 


72 

York ;  vice-commander  of  the  Naval  Order  of  the 
United  States,  and  a  member  of  the  Societies  of  For 
eign  Wars,  and  of  the  Spanish- American  War  ;  also 
member  of  several  charitable  organizations,  and 
served  on  several  committees  for  the  reception  of  for 
eign  visitors,  including  that  to  the  Princess  Eulalie 
and  Prince  Henry. 


BRIGADIER-GENERAL    JUDSON     D.    BINGHAM. 
UNITED    STATES    ARMY. 


75 


Brigadier-General  JUDSON  D.  BINGHAM. 

United  States  Army. 

Was  born  in  Massena,  St.  Lawrence  County, 
New  York,  May  16,  1831  ;  in  1850  appointed  cadet 
at  the  United  States  Military  Academy,  West  Point, 
N.  Y.,  from  the  Tenth  Congressional  District  of  In 
diana,  on  the  recommendation  of  Hon.  A.  J.  Harlan, 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  District ; 
served  as  cadet  at  the  Military  Academy  from  July  i, 
1850,  to  June  30,  1854  ;  promoted  to  Second  Lieuten 
ant,  Second  United  States  Artillery,  July  i,  1854; 
served  as  Assistant  Instructor  of  Artillery  Tactics  at 
the  United  States  Military  Academy  from  July  i, 
1854,  to  August  28,  1854  ;  served  in  garrison  at  Fort 
Wood,  Bedloe's  Island,  New  York  Harbor,  November 
and  December,  1854,  and  at  Barrancas  Barracks,  Fla., 
from  January,  1855,  to  March  22,  1856;  promoted  to 
First  Lieutenant,  Second  Artillery,  March  12,  1856; 
on  duty  in  U.  S.  Coast  Survey  Service  from  March 
22,  1856,  to  June  12,  1857  ;  in  garrison  at  Fort  Mon 
roe,  Va.  (Artillery  School  of  Practice),  1857  to  1860  ; 
on  expedition  to  Harper's  Ferry,  Va.,  to  suppress 
John  Brown's  raid,  1859  ;  on  frontier  duty  at  Fort 
Ridgely,  Minn.,  from  May,  1860,  to  April,  1861,  and 
on  expedition  to  the  Yellow  Medicine,  Minn.,  in  sum 
mer  of  1860;  in  garrison  at  Fort  McHenry,  Md., 
May  and  June,  1861  ;  appointed  Captain  and  Assis 
tant  Quartermaster,  United  States  Army,  May  13, 
1 86 1  ;  served  during  the  Rebellion  of  the  seceding 
States  ;  in  charge  of  trains  and  supplies  of  General 


76 

Banks'  Command,  in  the  field,  in  Maryland,  from 
August,  1 86 1,  to  February  12,  1862,  and  in  charge  of 
Quartermaster's  depot,  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  from 
March,  1862,  to  March,  1863  ;  served  as  Chief  Quar 
termaster  of  the  Seventeenth  Army  Corps  (Lieuten 
ant  Colonel  ex-officio)  from  January  i,  1863,  to 
April  23,  1863,  when  General  Grant  appointed  him 
Chief  Quartermaster  of  the  Department  and  Ami}'  of 
Tennessee  ;  he  continued  on  duty  in  the  field  as  Chief 
Quartermaster  of  that  Army  from  that  date  during 
the  time  it  was  commanded  by  Generals  Grant,  Sher 
man  and  McPherson,  up  to  the  date  the  latter  was 
killed  in  battle,  and  subsequently  by  Generals  Logan 
and  Howard,  to  the  end  of  the  siege  of  Atlanta,  Ga., 
August  25,  1864  ;  was  present  as  Chief  Quartermas 
ter  of  the  Seventeenth  Army  Corps  at  Lake  Provi 
dence  and  Milliken's  Bend,  La.,  April  9  to  23, 
1863  ;  was  present  as  Chief  Quartermaster  of  the 
Army  of  the  Tennessee  at  the  siege  of  Vicksburg, 
Miss.,  from  April  23  to  July  4,  1863  ;  was  present  at 
the  surrender  of  the  city  and  during  its  occupation 
from  July  4  to  October,  1863  ;  was  at  Memphis  and 
Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  and  at  Bridgeport  and  Scotts- 
boro,  Ala.,  until  last  of  December,  1863  ;  joined  Gen 
eral  Sherman  at  Cairo,  111.,  January  i,  1864,  and 
under  his  direction  arranged  for  transporting  troops 
from  Memphis  to  Vicksburg  for  the  expedition  to 
Meridian,  Miss.;  as  Chief  Quartermaster  of  the  Army 
of  the  Tennessee  accompanied  General  Sherman  on 
the  march  with  the  Sixteenth  and  Seventeenth  Army 
Corps  from  Vicksburg  to  Meridian  and  return,  Feb 
ruary  and  March,  1864  ;  was  present  as  Chief  Quar 
termaster  at  headquarters  Army  of  the  Tennessee, 


77 

Huntsville,  Ala.,  March  to  June,  1864;  and  in  the 
invasion  of  Georgia,  including  siege  of  Atlanta,  June 
to  August  25,  1864  ;  was  appointed  Inspector  of  the 
Quartermaster's  Department  (Colonel  ex-officio),  Aug 
ust  2,  1864,  and  served  as  such  from  August  25, 
1864,  to  December  31,  1866,  being  engaged  in  mak 
ing  investigations  at  Boston,  Mass.;  New  York  City, 
Elmira,  Syracuse,  and  Ogdensburg,  N.  Y.;  Trenton, 
N.  J.;  Nashville  and  Chattanooga,  Teiin.;  Louisville 
and  Camp  Nelson,  Ky.;  Fort  Snelling,  Minn.;  and 
Fort  Rile}7,  Kans.;  on  duty  in  the  Quartermaster 
General's  office,  Washington,  D.  C.,  at  various  times 
from  September,  1864,  to  December,  1805  ;  from  De 
cember,  1865,  to  January,  1867,  was  on  duty  with 
General  Sherman  at  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  as  Inspector  of 
the  Quartermaster's  Department  ;  was  on  duty  as 
Chief  Quartermaster  Department  of  the  Lakes,  at 
Detroit,  Mich.,  from  January  8,  1867,  to  March  31, 
1870;  in  February,  March  and  April,  1869.  made  in 
spections  at  Forts  Richardson,  Griffin,  Concho,  Stock 
ton,  Davis,  McKavitt  and  San  Antonio,  Tex.;  served 
as  Assistant  in  the  office  of  the  Quartermaster  Gen 
eral  at  Washington,  D.  C.,  from  April  4,  1870,  to  Oc 
tober,  1879,  and  in  charge  of  the  Bureau  from  Octo 
ber  25,  1873,  to  January  19,  1874,  and  from  January 
28  to  February  20,  1875  ;  served  as  Commissioner  to 
audit  Kansas  War  Accounts,  tinder  Act  of  Congress 
approved  February  2,  1871,  from  March  8  to  April  5, 
1871  ;  served  as  Chief  Quartermaster  Department  of 
the  Missouri,  Fort  Leavenworth,  Kans.,  from  Octo 
ber.  1879,  to  November,  1883  ;  served  as  Chief  Quar 
termaster,  Division  of  the  Pacific  and  Department  of 
California,  Presidio  of  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  from  No- 


78 

vember,  1883,  to  about  May  30,  1886  ;  served  as  Chief 
Quartermaster,  Division  of  the  Missouri,  Chicago, 
111.,  June  4,  1886,  to  December,  1894;  promotions,  to 
Quartermaster  with  the  rank  of  Major,  July  29,  1866; 
to  Deputy  Quartermaster  General  with  the  rank  of 
Lieutenant  Colonel,  March  3,  1875  ;  to  Assistant 
Quartermaster  General  with  the  rank  of  Colonel, 
July  2,  1883  ;  brevets,  Major,  Lieutenant  Colonel  and 
Colonel,  March  13,  1865,  for  faithful  and  meritorious 
services  during  the  war  ;  Brigadier-General,  April  9, 
1865,  for  faithful  and  meritorious  services  in  the  field 
during  the  war;  retired  from  active  service,  May  16, 
1895  ;  member  of  the  Society  of  the  Army  of  the  Po 
tomac  ;  of  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland ;  of  the 
Army  of  the  Tennessee  ;  Commander  of  the  Society 
of  Veterans  of  Indian  Wars  of  the  United  States 
since  its  organization,  April  23,  1896  ;  companion  of 
the  Military  Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion  of  the  United 
States  and  as  ex-Senior  Vice-Commander  of  the  Com- 
mandery  of  the  State  of  Illinois,  a  member  of  the 
Commandery-in-Chief ;  member  of  Manhattan  Club 
of  New  York  ;  of  Union  League  of  Philadelphia,  and 
Osceola  Club  of  Pensacola,  Fla.;  also  member  of  As 
sociation  of  Graduates  of  United  States  Military 
Academy  at  West  Point,  N.  Y.  Member  of  the 
National  Geographic  Society,  and  member  of  the 
Fortnightly  Club  of  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


REAR     ADMIRAL    SAMUEL    PHILIPS     LEE. 
UNITED     STATES     NAVY. 


8i 


Rear  Admiral  SAMUEL  PHILIPS  LEE. 

United  States  Navy. 

Was  born  in  Fairfax  County,  Virginia,  Febru 
ary  13,  1812.  Entered  the  navy  in  1825,  an^  was 
commissioned  lieutenant  in  1837,  commander  in 
1855,  captain  in  1862,  commodore  in  1866,  and  rear 
admiral  in  1870.  In  1861  in  command  of  the  war 
sloop  Oneida  in  the  attack  on  Fort  Jackson  and  Fort 
Sir  Philip,  and  in  various  battles  on  the  Mississippi 
River.  Ordered  to  command  the  North  Atlantic 
blockading  squadron  in  1862.  Assigned  to  the  Mis 
sissippi  squadron  in  1864,  and  in  December  of  that 
year  when  General  John  B.  Hood  was  advancing 
upon  Nashville,  and  the  safety  of  the  National  troops 
under  General  George  H.  Thomas  largely  depended 
on  the  prompt  arrival  of  reinforcements  and  supplies, 
he  kept  the  Cumberland  River  open,  as  it  was  the 
only  channel  of  communication.  Was  president  of 
the  board  to  examine  volunteer  officers  for  admission 
into  the  regular  navy  in  1866-67.  ^n  ^&7  com 
manded  the  North  Atlantic  fleet.  Placed  on  retired 
list  February  13,  1873.  Published  "The  Cruise  of 
the  Dolphin"  in  1854.  Died  June  5,  1897. 


82 


Brigadier-General  JOHN  WATTS  DE  PEYSTER. 

Was  born  in  New  York  City,  March  9,  1821,  and 
is  descended  from  distinguished  Colonial  ancestry, 
the  de  Peyster  family  settling  in  New  Amsterdam 
abont  1650,  and  being  prominent  in  the  early  history 
of  the  Colony ;  his  mother  was  daughter  of  the 
Honorable  John  Watts,  the  last  Royal  Recorder  of 
New  York.  Through  his  maternal  line  General  de 
Peyster  became  the  last  Patroon  or  "  Lord  of  the 
Soil  "  of  the  Lower  Claverack  Manor,  embracing  an 
extensive  estate  around  the  City  of  Hudson,  and 
through  his  paternal  line  he  still  holds  over  1,000 
acres  in  Dutchess  Connty,  N.  Y.,  which  has  been  in 
his  family  for  seven  generations.  In  both  lines  of 
descent  General  de  Peyster  can  claim  military  ances 
try,  and  from  early  boyhood  his  inclination  toward 
the  military  career  was  strong,  and  this  inclination 
was  fostered  and  encouraged  by  his  cousin,  Philip 
Kearny,  afterwards  a  Major-General  in  the  Union 
Army.  In  1834,  when  thirteen  years  of  age,  he 
traveled  in  Europe,  devoting  his  time  there  to 
an  earnest  study  of  the  science  of  war,  as  devel 
oped  in  France,  Italy  and  Algiers,  in  which  he 
not  only  read  military  treatises,  but  studied  maps, 
plans  and  reports,  acquiring  several  foreign  lan 
guages  that  he  might  read  these  in  the  original. 
While  still  a  boy  he  prepared  beautiful  war  maps, 
and  was  remarkably  familiar  with  the  field  of  mili 
tary  operations  about  the  head  of  the  Adriatic.  His  in 
dustry  in  those  pursuits  was  untiring,  while  his  highly 


BRIGADIER-GENERAL    JOHN     WATTS    DE    PEYSTER. 


retentive  memory  enabled  him  to  gather  a  vast  mass 
of  facts,  which  he  digested  with  logical  acuteness,  us 
ing  them  as  the  basis  of  his  many  valuable  treatises 
on  military  affairs.  His  studies  were  long  directed 
to  this  subject,  and  he  became  in  a  true  sense  self- 
educated  in  military  lore. 

His  entrance  into  active  life  was  signalized  by 
membership  in  the  New  York  Volunteer  Fire  Depart 
ment.  He  joined  this  as  a  youth,  and  was  so  active 
and  enthusiastic  in  his  devotion  to  its  strenuous 
duties,  that  he  brought  on  an  affection  of  the  heart 
from  which  he  has  ever  since  suffered.  His  experi 
ence  in  the  service  made  him  one  of  the  earliest  advo 
cates  of  a  Paid  Fire  Department,  and  he  also  ear 
nestly  recommended  a  police  force  organized  on  a 
system  of  military  discipline.  His  own  entrance 
upon  a  military  career  was  in  1844,  when  he  became 
a  staff  officer  in  the  State  militia,  and  in  1845  was  com 
missioned  Colonel  of  the  inth  Regiment,  New  York 
State  Militia.  Under  a  military  law  enacted  in  1851 
Colonel  de  Peyster  was  appointed  Brigadier-General 
by  Governor  Hunt,  being  the  first  officer  of  this  rank 
appointed  by  the  Governor  of  New  York.  In  the 
same  year  the  young  Brigadier,  though  an  invalid, 
was  sent  to  Europe  as  special  military  agent  for  New 
York,  commissioned  to  report  on  the  organization 
of  the  militia  and  municipal  military  organization 
in  foreign  lands.  His  report,  published  as  a  Senate 
document,  was  of  great  service  in  the  organization  of 
the  State  troops,  and  in  the  subsequent  exigencies  of 
the  Civil  War.  Governor  Hunt  gave  testimony  to 
its  value  by  presenting  him  with  a  gold  medal,  with 
a  very  flattering  inscription,  and  the  officers  of  his  bri- 


86 


gade  presented  him  with  another  for  his  services  in 
elevating  and  discipling  this  body. 

In  1855  General  de  Peyster  was  appointed  Adju 
tant-General  on  the  staff  of  Governor  Clark,  but  he 
found  the  department  so  fully  under  the  control  of 
political  influences  that  reform  was  hopeless.  After 
a  vigorous  but  unavailable  effort  to  improve  matters 
he  resigned  the  office,  convinced  that  his  education  as 
a  soldier  was  not  of  the  kind  necessary  to  deal  with 
politicians.  In  the  succeeding  years  broken  health 
and  the  frequent  hemorrhages  from  which  he  suf 
fered  kept  him  out  of  active  life,  but  in  1861,  at  the 
outbreak  of  the  Civil  War,  he  hastened  to  offer  his 
services  to  President  Lincoln  with  three  regiments. 
As  the  call  for  75,000  troops  had  been  filled, 
the  President  declined  to  receive  any  more  troops, 
but  was  ready  to  consider  the  General's  offer  of  his 
personal  services.  After  the  General's  return  to 
New  York,  the  hemorrhages  to  which  he  had  long 
been  subject  became  so  severe  and  weakening  as  to 
render  him  unfit  for  active  duties,  yet,  despite  this, 
he  made  a  subsequent  offer  of  a  brigade  of  two  regi 
ments  to  the  Government.  At  this  time,  however,  no 
more  troops  or  generals  were  wanted,  there  being  a 
feeling  that  the  war  would  soon  end.  This  feeling 
General  de  Peyster  did  not  share,  but  predicted  a 
great  and  protracted  struggle.  He  was  the  first  to 
advocate  the  use  of  colored  troops,  a  subject  on  which 
he  published  many  critical  articles  during  the  war. 
His  delicate  state  of  health  forbade  his  entering  the 
war  at  a  later  date,  but  he  was  keenly  observant  of 
its  wants  and  wrote  discriminating  articles  upon 
them.  In  1866  he  was  appointed  Brevet  Major-Gen- 


eral  of  the  N.  Y.  National  Guard,  and  on  this  occa 
sion  flattering  testimonials  of  his  great  military 
knowledge  and  the  value  of  his  advice  and  influence 
during  the  Civil  War  were  given  by  Generals  Hum 
phreys,  Pleasanton,  Grant,  Hooker,  Rosecrans  and 
others.  In  addition  to  his  writing  on  subjects  con 
nected  with  the  Civil  War,  General  de  Peyster  has 
written  voluminously  on  military  science  and  on  his 
torical  subjects  in  general.  During  the  Austro- 
Prussian  War  of  1866  he  wrote  a  long  article  indi 
cating  the  result  and  the  decisive  field,  and  during 
the  Franco-Prussian  War  of  1870  he  made  prophecies 
of  coming  events  which  were  fulfilled  to  the  letter, 
including  the  surrender  at  Sedan.  Among  his  many 
valuable  literary  productions  are  a  series  of  papers  in 
which  he  advocated  what  might  be  termed  making 
the  skirmish  line  the  Line  of  Battle.  The  first  of 
these,  entitled  "  New  American  Tactics,"  was  trans 
lated  for  a  French  scientific  military  magazine,  was 
reduced  to  a  system  of  tactics  by  a  French  officer,  and 
is  now  in  practice  throughout  the  world.  He  was 
also  two  years  in  advance  of  United  States  Ordnance 
officers  in  urging  the  adoption  of  the  Louis  Napoleon 
i2-pounder  cannon,  which  was  the  most  effective  piece 
of  artillery  employed  during  the  Civil  War. 

In  addition  to  his  military  and  literary  services, 
General  de  Peyster  has  shown  his  public  spirit  and 
sentiment  of  liberality  in  many  gifts  and  benefac 
tions  to  public  institutions,  including  libraries  on 
special  subjects  to  a  number  of  educational  and  li 
brary  associations,  and  works  of  art  of  much  cost  and 
value  to  the  Cities  of  New  York  and  Hudson.  He 
donated  to  Hudson  a  grand  bronze  statue  of  St.  Win- 


88 


ifred,  which  is  placed  in  the  promenade  overlooking 
the  Hudson  River.  A  bronze  statue  of  heroic  size  of 
his  famous  ancestor,  Colonel  Abraham  de  Peyster, 
donated  by  him,  is  the  chief  ornament  of  Bowling 
Green  Square,  New  York,  and  a  similar  fine  statue 
of  his  grandfather,  Hon.  John  Watts,  Jr.,  last  Royal 
Recorder  of  the  City  of  New  York,  stands  in  Trinity 
churchyard.  The  Leake  and  Watts  Orphan  House, 
built  from  money  donated  by  his  grandfather,  has 
been  added  to  by  General  de  Peyster,  who  has  also 
donated  for  its  support  $200,000  worth  of  property. 
He  has  in  addition  built  a  home  for  consumptives, 
and  a  home  and  hospital  for  invalid  children  ;  fur 
nished  a  home  for  girls  in  Dutchess  County,  New 
York,  and  has  built  a  training  school,  donating  to  it 
300  acres  of  land.  At  Madaling,  Dutchess  County, 
is  a  Methodist  church  erected  by  him,  and  a  Memo 
rial  chapel  at  Nebraska  City ;  and  at  Matchitoches, 
La.,  Trinity  Episcopal  Church  was  restored  by  him. 
These  are  the  chief,  not  the  whole,  of  the  General's 
donations.  The  degree  of  M.  A.  was  conferred  upon 
him  by  Columbia  College  in  1872  ;  LL.  D.  by  Ne 
braska  College  in  1870;  Litt.  D.  1892,  and  LL.  D. 
1896,  and  Ph.  D.  by  Franklin  and  Marshall  College, 
and  he  has  been  made  a  member  of  several  European 
learned  societies.  General  de  Peyster  retains  an  an 
cestral  home  in  New  York  City,  property  belonging 
to  his  great-grandfather,  John  Watts,  but  resides 
chiefly  in  his  beautiful  country  seat,  named  "  Rose 
Hill,"  after  the  spacious  and  elegant  home  of  his 
great-great-great-grandfather  (which  was  beautifully 
situated  in  the  neighborhood  of  Edinburgh,  Scot 
land),  near  Tivoli  post  office  and  station,  on  the 
Hudson. 


MAJOR-GENERAL    ARTHUR     MACARTHUR. 
UNITED     STATES     ARMY. 


91 


Major-General  ARTHUR  MAcARTHUR. 

United  States  Army. 

Of  all  human  events,  wars  bring  the  greatest 
surprises.  This  is  as  true  of  the  building  up  or  tear 
ing  down  of  men's  reputations  as  of  results  and 
events.  In  the  United  States,  no  man  entering  the 
military  service  can  possibly  prognosticate  where  he 
will  come  out  at  the  conclusion  of  any  war,  if  he  sur 
vives.  But  there  are  men  marked  by  nature,  of 
whom,  those  who  have  made  their  characters  a  study, 
can  with  confidence  predict  with  ease  great  results. 
Of  such  men,  General  Arthur  MacArthur  stands  eas 
ily  among  the  first.  It  has  been  the  author's  good 
fortune  not  only  to  have  slightly  known  him,  but  to 
know  more  of  his  family  and  his  character  than  us 
ual,  since  both  are  originally  from  the  same  State- 
Wisconsin. 

During  the  great  Civil  War,  the  author — then  a 
lad  of  eight  years — remembers  well  the  distinct 
events  of  that  war,  as  heralded  by  telegraph  and 
newspapers.  Filled  with  a  vast  and  deep  interest  in 
the  Wisconsin  troops, — the  magnificent  soldiers  of 
whom  General  Sherman  said  a  single  regiment  was 
equal  to  a  brigade  of  any  other  State — it  is  no  won 
der  that  his  greater  interest  should  center  on  those 
younger  soldiers  of  the  Badger  State  who  early  made 
great  records  for  themselves.  And  bright  and  glori 
ous  as  General  MacArthur's  career  has  been  since 
then,  yet  nothing  can  surpass  the  brilliancy  of  the 


92 

events  of  the  young  soldier's  life  while  adjutant, 
major  and  lieutenant-colonel  of  a  Wisconsin  regiment 
from  1862  to  the  close  of  the  great  war. 

In  August,  1862,  the  24th  Wisconsin  Infantry 
was  organized  and  mustered  into  the  United  States 
service.  Its  adjutant  was  Arthur  Mac  Arthur,  then 
only  seventeen  years  of  age.  Leaving  the  State  early 
in  September,  the  regiment  soon  found  itself  under 
the  command  of  Brigadier-General  Sheridan,  and  on 
October  8  young  Mac  Arthur  had  his  first  taste  of 
"service  under  fire,"  at  the  battle  of  Chaplin  Hills. 
A  short  time  after,  the  colonel  of  the  regiment  being 
sick,  and  the  lieutenant-colonel  having  resigned,  the 
command  of  the  regiment  devolved  on  its  major,  and 
at  the  battle  of  Stone  River  it  was  led  by  the  major 
and  young  MacArthur.  But  it  was  the  following 
year  that  the  people  of  Wisconsin  thrilled  with  pride 
over  the  career  of  the  young  officer  when  they  heard 
of  his  coolness  and  daring  at  Missionary  Ridge.  In 
the  severe  fighting  that  took  place  during  the  ascent 
officers  and  men  fell  in  numbers,  some  from  bullets, 
but  more  from  exhaustion.  Among  the  latter  was 
the  color-bearer  of  the  regiment,  but  the  colors  were 
at  once  seized  by  MacArthur,  who  bore  them,  at  the 
same  time  encouraging  the  men  to  follow  him  up  the 
ridge. 

In  1864,  at  Kenesaw  Mountain,  MacArthur  acted 
as  lieutenant-colonel  of  his  regiment,  having  in  Jan 
uary  of  that  year  been  promoted  to  the  majority. 

In  all  the  marches  and  fights  of  the  regiment  it 
is  related  that  even  veterans  of  several  wars  were  as 
tounded  at  the  wonderful  coolness  under  fire  of  Col 
onel  MacArthur.  To-day  that  is  one  of  his  main 


93 

characteristics,  and  many  a  retured  soldier  and  offi 
cer  from  the  Philippines  have  I  heard  speak  of  this 
trait  of  their  general,  and  of  the  confidence  it  gave 
them  when,  during  the  first  fighting  that  occurred  in 
1899,  oiir  raw  soldiers  were  considerably  worked  np. 

The  battle  of  Franklin  is  laid  down  by  military 
strategists  as  a  study  of  military  art.  It  was  the  for 
tune  of  the  2^th  Wisconsin  to  bear  a  share  in  this 
hard-fonght  battle,  and  it  was  the  conspicuous  cool 
ness  and  energy  of  its  lieutenant-colonel  that  brought 
it  from  the  fight  covered  with  such  glory  that  Major- 
General  Stanley,  commanding  the  Fourth  Corps, 
stated  as  follows  :  "I  will  not  absolutely  say  the  24th 
Wisconsin  saved  the  battle  of  Franklin,  but  I  can 
testify  from  the  evidence  of  my  own  eyes  that  they 
had  a  great  deal  to  do  with  saving  it.  At  the  very 
moment  all  seemed  to  be  lost,  the  routing  of  the 
rebels  and  the  retaking  of  our  batteries,  at  the  mo 
ment  the  rebels  were  about  to  turn  our  own  guns  on 
us,  was  a  most  important  crisis  in  that  battle.  In 
this  feat  the  regiment  was  gallantly  and  well  led  by 
your  boy-colonel,  Arthur  MacArthur."  At  this  bat 
tle  General  Me  Arthur  was  wounded. 

On  the  1 8th  of  May,  1865,  he  was  promoted  lieu 
tenant-colonel  of  the  24th  Wisconsin  regiment,  and 
in  June  following  was  mustered  out  with  that  rank. 

Bntering  at  the  age  of  seventeen,  he  graduated 
from  the  great  war  with  the  rank  of  regimental  com 
mander,  the  youngest  man  holding  that  rank  in  the 
armies  of  the  United  States.  His  age  was  then 
twenty. 

For  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  Perry- 
ville,  Stone  River,  Missionary  Ridge  and  Dandridge, 


94 

he  was  brevetted  a  lieutenant-colonel,  and  for  gallant 
and  meritorious  services  at  Franklin  and  during  the 
Atlanta  campaign  he  was  brevetted  a  colonel,  bnt 
for  "  coolness  and  conspicuous  bravery  in  action,  in 
seizing  the  colors  of  his  regiment  at  a  critical  mo 
ment  and  planting  them  on  the  captured  works  on 
the  crest  of  Missionary  Ridge,  Tennessee,  Novem 
ber  25,  1863,"  he  was  awarded  a  Medal  of  Honor. 

His  further  history  is  so  well  known  that  only  a 
brief  summing  up  is  necessary.  Appointed  a  second 
lieutenant  in  1866  in  the  iyth  U.  S.  Infantry,  and  a 
first  lieutenant  on  the  day  following,  he  became  a 
captain  of  the  36th  Infantry  in  July  of  the  same 
year,  but  in  1870  was  transferred  to  the  famous  i3th 
Infantry — General  Sherman's  old  regiment.  In  this 
he  served  through  the  various  Indian  campaigns  the 
regiment  was  called  on  to  take  part  in,  and  in  the 
Southern  States,  till  he  was  made  an  assistant  adju 
tant-general  in  July,  1889,  with  the  rank  of  major. 
Promoted  a  lieutenant-colonel  and  assistant  adju 
tant-general  in  1896 — at  the  outbreak  of  the  Spanish- 
American  War — he  was  made  a  brigadier-general  of 
volunteers,  and  wrent  to  the  Philippines  with  the  first 
expedition.  In  August,  1898,  he  was  promoted  a 
major-general  of  volunteers,  and  in  January,  1900,  a 
brigadier-general  of  the  regular  service.  On  Febru 
ary  5,  IQOI,  he  became  a  major-general  of  the  United 
States  Army,  and  as  his  retiring  age  is  still  some 
years  off  (1909),  he  will,  in  all  probability,  in  due 
course,  become  a  lieutenant-general  commanding  the 
army. 

General  MacArthur  is  best  known  to  the  people  of 
the  United  States  as  the  commander-in-chief  of  the 


95 

forces  in  the  Philippines  the  past  year  and  a  half, 
while  so  much  fighting  of  a  guerrilla  nature  has  been 
going  on.  His  success  as  a  civil  and  military  admin 
istrator  is  attested  by  the  confidence  placed  in  him  by 
the  President  and  the  late  President,  the  War  Depart 
ment,  and  the  higher  civil  functionaries  of  the  Gov 
ernment,  but  to  the  people  of  Wisconsin  he  is  better 
known,  and  always  will  be,  as  the  "  Boy-Colonel." 

The  artist  always  pictures  the  soldier  and  daring 
man  as  an  heroic  and  dashing  man.  General 
MacArthur  in  conversation  and  conduct,  whether  in 
his  office,  on  the  field  of  battle  or  in  the  parlor,  is 
cool,  collected,  and  exceedingly  deliberative,  giving 
one  the  impression  of  a  judicial  cast  of  mind  rather 
than  a  military  one.  A  man  with  exceptional  intelli 
gence,  great  intellectuality,  a  great  student,  he  is  the 
beau  ideal  of  the  modern  soldier ;  cool,  never  impul 
sive,  courteous,  and  with  an  expression  of  such 
strength  of  countenance  that  confidence  is  immedi 
ately  inspired  by  all  who  meet  him. 


96 


ROLAND   GIDEON   CURTIN,   M.   D. 

Was  born  at  Belief onte  on  October  29,  1839. 
He  is  the  son  of  Dr.  Constance  Curtin,  of  Dysart, 
County  Clare,  Ireland,  who  died  in  April,  1842.  His 
mother  was  Mary  Ann  Kinne,  who  was  lineally 
descended  from  Thomas  Welles,  the  third  Governor 
of  Connecticut.  Dr.  Curtin  received  his  early  educa 
tion  in  the  Bellefonte  public  schools.  At  sixteen  he 
entered  the  Scientific  Department  of  Williston  Acad 
emy,  at  East  Hampton,  Mass.,  from  which  he  gradu 
ated  in  1859.  He  then,  for  some  time,  engaged  in 
the  iron  business  in  Philadelphia.  At  the  outbreak 
of  the  Civil  War  he  was  appointed  United  States 
Naval  Storekeeper  at  the  Philadelphia  Navy  Yard. 
After  the  war  he  entered  the  Department  of  Medicine 
of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  and  graduated  in 
1866.  After  serving  a  term  of  eighteen  months  as 
resident  physician  in  the  Philadelphia  Hospital,  and 
three  months  as  resident  in  the  Insane  Department 
of  the  same  institution,  he  spent  some  time  in  visit 
ing  the  hospitals  of  Great  Britain  and  the  Continent. 
Returning  to  America,  he  was  appointed  United 
States  Geologist  under  Professor  F.  V.  Hayden.  Dr. 
Curtin  was  Professor  of  Geology  and  Mineralogy  at 
the  Wagner  Free  Institute,  1871-1873 ;  assistant 
physician  to  the  Philadelphia  Lying-in  Charity, 
1871-1882  ;  Chief  of  the  Medical  Dispensary  of  the 
Hospital  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  for  ten 
years  ;  assistant  to  the  Professor  of  Clinical  Medicine, 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  1879-1887  ;  Lecturer  on 


ROLAND    GIDEON     CURTIN,     M.  D. 


59 

Physical  Diagnosis  and  physician  to  the  University 
Hospital  since  1887  ;  physician  to  the  Throat  and 
Chest  Department  of  the  Howard  Hospital,  1876- 
1882  ;  visiting  physician  to  the  Maternity  Hospital, 
Philadelphia,  for  seven  years  ;  visiting  physician  to 
the  Presbyterian  Hospital  since  1887  ;  member  of  the 
Medical  Staff  of  the  Philadelphia  Hospital  (Block- 
ley)  since  1880;  consulting  physician  to  the  Rush 
Hospital  for  Consumptives,  St.  Timothy's  Hospital, 
and  the  Douglass  Memorial  Hospital.  He  was  Presi 
dent  of  the  Alumni  Association  of  the  Auxiliary  De 
partment  of  Medicine,  University  of  Pennsylvania ; 
Chairman  of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Alumni 
of  the  Medical  Department,  University  of  Pennsyl 
vania  ;  First  President  of  the  Alumni  Association  of 
Philadelphia  Graduates  of  the  Medical  Department, 
University  of  Pennsylvania  ;  President  of  the  Medi 
cal  Board  of  the  Philadelphia  Hospital  since  1890; 
President  of  the  Association  of  Hospital  Surgeons 
and  Physicians  of  Philadelphia  ;  honorary  Vice-Pres 
ident  of  the  Section  on  Climatology  and  Demography 
of  the  International  Medical  Congress,  Washington, 
1887  ;  honorary  President  of  the  Medico-Climatology 
Division  of  the  World's  Congress ;  Auxiliary  to  the 
World's  Columbian  Exposition,  and  delivered  the  ad 
dress  of  welcome  to  the  foreign  delegates,  Chicago, 
1893  ;  President  of  the  Grand  Chapter  of  the  Alpha 
Mu  Pi  Omega  Medical  Fraternity;  Assistant  Medi 
cal  Director  of  the  Centennial  Exhibition  of  1876; 
member  of  the  Committee  of  Arrangements  of  the 
International  Medical  Congress,  Philadelphia,  1876; 
member  of  the  First  and  Second  Pan-American  Med 
ical  Congresses,  Washington,  D.  C.,  1893,  and  the 


IOO 

City  of  Mexico,  1896;  delegate  from  the  American 
Medical  Association  to  trie  British  Medical  Associa 
tion,  London,  1895.  Dr.  Curtin  is  a  Fellow  of  the 
College  of  Physicians,  member  of  the  Philadelphia 
Obstetrical  Society,  Pathological  Society,  American 
Medical  Association,  Medical  Society  of  the  State  of 
Pennsylvania,  Philadelphia  Connty  Medical  Society, 
American  Cliniatological  Association  (Vice-President, 
1886-1887  ;  President,  1872-1893),  and  a  member  of 
its  Council  for  many  years  ;  associate  member  of  the 
Institute  of  Art,  Science  and  Letters  ;  member  of  the 
American  Social  Science  Association  ;  Past  Master  of 
the  Masonic  Fraternity  :  Knight  Templar  ;  member 
of  the  Scottish  Rite,  Thirty-second  Degree ;  member 
of  the  Fairmont  Park  Association,  Genealogical  So 
ciety  of  Pennsylvania,  New  Kngland  Society,  Grand 
Army  of  the  Republic,  Pennsylvania  Forestry  Asso 
ciation,  and  a  life  member  of  the  Academy  of  Nat 
ural  Sciences,  Philadelphia.  The  degree  of  Ph.  D. 
was  conferred  upon  him  by  the  University  of  Penn 
sylvania  in  1871,  and  the  honorary  degree  of  A.  M. 
by  Lafayette  College  in  1883.  On  March  21,  1882, 
he  married  Julia  Robinson,  a  daughter  of  the  late 
Edwin  Taylor,  of  Hartford,  Conn.  President  of  the 
Alumni  Society  of  the  Medical  Department  of  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  1903-1904  ;  Commander 
of  Philadelphia  Naval  Veterans,  1903-1904 ;  Vice- 
President  of  Medical  Club  of  Philadelphia,  1903- 
1904. 


COLONEL    SELDEN    ALLEN     DAY. 
UNITED     STATES     ARMY. 


io3 


Colonel   SELDEN   ALLEN    DAY. 

United  States  Army. 

Colonel  Day's  military  career  began  when  lie 
raised  a  company  of  volunteers  in  Ohio  at  the  first 
call  for  troops  in  1861.  Owing  to  the  excess  of  troops 
enrolled  nnder  this  call  his  company  could  not  be 
mustered  and  was  disbanded.  Captain  Da}'  then  en 
listed  as  private  in  Company  C,  Seventh  Ohio  Infan 
try,  June  20,  1861,  and  participated  in  the  campaign 
in  West  Virginia  that  year.  After  the  action  of 
Cross  Lanes,  August  26,  where  his  regime  at  suffered 
heavy  loss,  he  was  made  corporal.  In  the  winter  of 
1861-62  he  was  at  Loop  Creek,  Paw-Paw,  Romney, 
etc. 

He  was  promoted  sergeant  and  recommended  for 
a  commission  for  gallantry  at  the  battle  of  Winches 
ter,  Virginia,  March  23,  1862,  under  General  Shields, 
where  he  was  wounded,  but  remained  at  the  front, 
and  in  a  charge  of  his  brigade  was  one  of  the  first 
over  the  stone  wall  forming  part  of  the  defense  of 
the  enemy,  and  was  one  of  a  small  party  following 
Major  Casement  of  the  Seventh  Ohio  into  a  battery 
and  capturing  the  guns.  At  the  close  of  the  fight, 
with  the  aid  of  a  comrade,  he  captured  and  brought 
in  a  staff  officer  of  General  Jackson, 

In  the  battle  of  Port  Republic,  June  9,  1862, 
Sergeant  Day  bore  an  active  part,  and,  though  again 
wounded,  formed  one  of  the  rear-guard  in  the  retreat 
after  the  battle,  for  which  he  was  highly  commended 
by  General  Carroll,  who  commanded  in  that  fight. 


IO4 

At  the  battle  of  Cedar  Mountain,  August  9, 
1862,  where  his  regiment  suffered  terribly,  Sergeant 
Day,  though  at  one  time  "between  two  fires,"  es 
caped  unhurt,  and  at  the  close  of  the  action  was  in 
command  of  the  remnant  of  three  companies. 

As  a  result  of  the  fatigue  and  hardships  of  the 
campaign  of  1862,  he  was  for  some  months  in  hospi 
tal  at  Frederick,  Maryland,  where,  having  formerly 
studied  medicine,  while  convalescing  he  performed 
efficient  service,  assisting  in  the  care  of  the  sick  and 
wounded.  Being  given  the  option  of  a  discharge  for 
disability  or  a  transfer  to  the  regular  army  as  hospi 
tal  steward,  he  elected  to  be  transferred  in  order  that 
he  might  remain  in  the  service  of  his  country,  and 
was  ordered  to  Baltimore  for  duty.  In  the  summer 
of  1863,  when  that  city  was  threatened,  Steward  Day, 
under  the  Mayor,  was  instrumental  in  organizing 
and  drilling  for  special  service  companies  made  up 
of  members  of  the  Union  League  and  convalescents 
in  the  hospital. 

Upon  recovering  his  health  he  applied  for  field 
service  and  was  appointed  second  lieutenant  Fifth 
Artillery,  and  in  the  spring  of  1864  was  ordered  to 
the  front.  He  joined  Battery  A  in  the  Battle  of  Cold 
Harbor  and  was  brevetted  first  lieutenant  for  gal 
lantry  in  that  action.  He  served  continuously  in  the 
field  until  the  close  of  the  war  ;  entered  Richmond 
with  Battery  F,  Fifth  Artillery,  April  3,  1865,  and 
was  brevetted  captain  for  "  gallant  and  meritorious 
services  during  the  war." 

He  was  detailed  in  charge  of  cholera  quarantine 
at  Craney  Island,  Virginia,  and  afterward  to  com 
mand  Battery  F,  Fifth  Artillery,  at  Richmond,  Vir- 


ginia,  1866,  in  which  year  he  was  promoted  first  lieu 
tenant.  He  was  made  president  of  Board  of  Regis 
tration  and  Elections,  and  military  commissioner  in 
Virginia  tinder  the  Reconstruction  Acts  in  1867-68. 
He  was  graduated  from  the  Artillery  School  in  1874, 
and  from  the  Medical  College  of  the  State  of  South 
Carolina,  1880.  He  was  recorder  of  Board  on  Maga 
zine  Guns,  1881-82;  promoted  captain  Fifth  Artil 
lery,  1886,  and  commanded  Fort  Wood,  Bedloe's 
Island,  New  York  Harbor,  March  to  June,  1887. 

He  traveled  in  Europe  in  1888;  was  ordered  to 
the  Pacific  Coast  in  1890,  and  commanded  Fort 
Mason,  San  Francisco,  California,  for  four  years. 

Colonel  Day,  then  captain,  was  mentioned  with 
others  in  the  general  order  from  headquarters  of 
the  army  in  1897  for  gallantry  displayed  in  the  res 
cue  of  seventeen  people  from  a  sinking  steamer  in 
a  storm  at  Fort  Canby,  Washington,  February  28, 
1896.  The  next  year  he  spent  traveling  in  the 
Orient. 

Colonel  Day's  record  in  the  war  with  Spain  was 
also  notably  brilliant.  At  the  opening  of  the  war  he 
became  major  of  the  Fifth  Ar tillery,  and  while  in 
command  at  Galveston,  Texas,  was  ordered  to  Tampa, 
Florida  From  there  he  took  out  the  siege  train  and 
reported  to  the  commanding  general  of  the  army  then 
in  Cuba.  With  his  train  he  went  from  Cuba  to  Porto 
Rico,  being  with  a  part  of  his  command,  acting  as  in 
fantry,  in  one  of  the  first  boats  to  land  at  Guanica, 
July  25,  1898,  and  taking  a  prominent  part  in  the 
capture  of  the  town.  Three  days  later,  his  command 
furnishing  the  guard  for  "  headquarters  of  the  army 
in  the  field,"  he  went  with  it  to  Ponce  Playa,  where 


io6 

he  ran  up  a  ship's  flag  on  the  custom  house,  that  be 
ing  the  first  United  States  flag  ever  hoisted  over  a 
public  building  in  Porto  Rico.  After  the  promulga 
tion  of  the  peace  protocol,  he,  as  commandant  of  the 
artillery,  took  over  the  forts  and  armament,  hoisted 
the  flag  over  El  Morro  Castle  at  San  Juan  and  fired 
the  national  salute  on  the  day  of  final  occupation, 
October  18,  1898. 

Colonel  Day's  unflagging  efforts  for  the  advance 
ment  of  the  profession  to  Avhich  he  has  given  his 
whole  life  are  also  matters  of  record.  It  is  believed 
that  one  of  his  inventions,  a  projectile  of  peculiar 
construction,  will  undoubtedly  some  day  be  adopted 
when  further  relief  from  excessive  pressure  in  heavy 
guns  becomes  imperative  through  the  development  of 
smokeless  powder.  The  "  dum-dum,"  or  soft-pointed 
bullet  for  small  arms,  was  invented  by  Colonel  Day, 
and  patented  by  him  in  all  prominent  countries  ex 
cept  the  United  States.  He  has  been  frequently  em- 
pi  oyed  by  the  Government  as  well  as  by  the  City  of 
New  York  and  others  in  scientific  work,  for  which 
his  qualifications  as  a  physician  and  surgeon,  an  ex 
pert  rifle  shot,  and  his  knowledge  of  explosives  spe 
cially  fit  him. 

While  serving  on  the  island  of  Porto  Rico  as 
commander  of  artillery  and  ordnance  officer,  he  took 
an  active  interest  in  the  development  and  American 
izing  of  our  new  possessions  in  that  part  of  the 
world ;  experimenting  in  agriculture  and  stock  rais 
ing,  thus  anticipating  the  efforts  of  the  Goverment 
in  that  line. 

When  the  first  battalion  of  the  Porto  Rican  reg 
iment  was  authorized  Colonel  Day  took  an  active  in- 


TO; 

terest  in  its  organization,  believing  the  service  to  be 
the  best  possible  school  in  patriotism  for  the  natives. 

After  a  long  term  of  duty  in  the  tropics  Colonel 
Day  was  ordered  home  and  placed  in  command  at 
Fort  Williams,  Portland,  Maine. 

Later  other  officers  of  high  rank,  veterans  of  the 
Civil  War.  retired.  The  country  owes  them  a  deep 
debt  of  gratitude. 


loS 


Rear  Admiral  WILLIAM  THOMAS   SAMPSON. 

United    States   Navy. 

Was  born  in  Palmyra,  N.  Y.,  on  February  9, 
1840.  Entered  the  United  States  Naval  Academy, 
Annapolis,  in  1857,  and  was  graduated  in  1861  ;  was 
promoted  to  Master  in  1861,  and  to  Lieutenant  in 
1862  ;  served  throughout  the  Civil  War  in  the  Block 
ading  Fleet,  and  was  on  board  the  monitor  Patapsco 
when  she  was  destroyed  by  a  submarine  mine  in 
Charleston  Harbor,  in  1865.  Commissioned  Lieu 
tenant-Commander  in  1866,  and  Commander  in  1874, 
his  first  command  being  the  U.  S.  S.  Alert,  and  later 
the  Swatara.  Was  several  times  stationed  at  the 
Naval  Academy  as  instructor  or  head  of  department, 
and  from  1886  to  1890  was  Superintendent  of  that 
institution.  Was  in  charge  of  the  Naval  Observa 
tory  in  Washington  from  1882  to  1884  ;  a  member  of 
the  International  Prime  Meridian  and  Time  Confer 
ence  in  1894  ;  in  charge  of  the  U.  S.  Torpedo  Sta 
tion,  1884  to  1886  ;  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Forti 
fications  and  other  Defences,  1885  to  1886;  and  a 
delegate  from  the  United  States  to  the  International 
Maritime  Conference,  1887.  Was  promoted  to  Cap 
tain  in  1889,  and  assigned  to  command  of  the  U.  S.  S. 
San  Francisco  in  1890.  Was  in  charge  of  the  Wash 
ington  Navy  Yard  and  Gun  Foundry,  1892-3  ;  and 
from  1893  to  1897  was  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Ord 
nance  at  the  Navy  Department ;  and  was  assigned  to 
the  command  of  the  Iowa  in  1897.  He  was  Presi 
dent  of  the  Court  of  Inquiry  which  investigated  the 


REAR    ADMIRAL    WILLIAM     T'HOMMS    'SAMPSON. 
UNITED     STATES    NAVY. 


Ill 


destruction  of  the  U.  S.  S.  Maine  in  Havana  Harbor. 
While  still  a  Captain,  was  appointed  to  the  command 
of  the  North  Atlantic  Station,  a  month  before  the 
outbreak  of  hostilities  with  Spain,  and  on  the  day  the 
blockade  of  Cuba  was  declared  was  assigned  the  act 
ing  rank  of  Rear  Admiral.  Had  supreme  command 
of  the  naval  forces  operating  against  Spanish  ships 
and  territory  in  American  waters.  His  command 
numbered  over  125  vessels — the  strongest  fleet  ever 
organized  for  hostile  purposes.  This  fleet  blockaded 
the  Spanish  possessions  of  Cuba  and  Porto  Rico,  cap 
tured  many  Spanish  merchant  vessels  and  other  block 
ade  runners,  destroyed  several  minor  Spanish  men-of- 
war,  cut  the  cables  connecting  the  Spanish  West  In 
dian  possessions,  bombarded  several  coast  fortifica 
tions  ;  inaugurated  and  maintained  the  blockade  of 
Santiago,  which  insured,  and  eventually  accomplished, 
the  defeat  of  the  Spanish  fleet  under  Admiral  Cer- 
vera,  and  completed  the  destruction  of  the  Spanish 
sea  power  in  the  Western  Hemisphere.  This  fleet 
was  also  material  in  the  operations  attending  the 
siege  and  capture  of  Santiago  town  and  province. 
After  the  battle  of  Santiago,  was  designated  to  com 
mand  the  fleet  ordered  to  devastate  the  coast  of  Spain, 
which  was  on  the  point  of  sailing  when  Spain  sued 
for  peace.  In  September,  1898,  was  appointed  one  of 
the  three  Commissioners  to  Cuba ;  returned  in  De 
cember,  and  resumed  command  of  the  North  Atlantic 
fleet.  Was  commissioned  Commodore,  July,  1898, 
and  Rear  Admiral,  March,  1899.  In  October,  1899, 
was,  at  his  own  request,  detached  from  command  of 
the  -fleet,  and  ordered  as  Commandant  of  the  Navy 
Yard  at  Boston,  which  was  the  last  duty  he  per- 


112 


formed.  He  died  May  6,  1902,  soon  after  being  re 
lieved  from  command  of  the  Boston  station. 

Admiral  Sampson  received  many  tokens  of  the 
esteem  and  admiration  of  his  countrymen  after  the 
war,  and  not  the  least  among  these  being  the  bestowal 
of  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws  by  Harvard  in  1899, 
and  a  handsome  honor  sword,  the  gift  of  the  State  of 
New  Jersey,  presented  by  Governor  Voorhees  in 
Trenton,  October  25,  1899. 

Admiral  Sampson  was  married  in  1863  to  Miss 
Margaret  Sexton  Aldrich,  and  again  in  1882  to  Miss 
Elizabeth  Susan  Burling.  His  children  are  Mrs.  Roy 
C.  Smith,  Mrs.  R.  H.  Jackson,  Mrs.  W.  T.  Cluverius, 
Mrs.  H.  H.  Scott,  and  Ralph  and  Harold  Sampson. 


REAR    ADMIRAL    CHARLES    STANHOPE    COTTON. 
UNITED    STATES     NAVY. 


Rear  Admiral  CHARLES  STANHOPE  COTTON. 

United  States  Navy. 

Was  born  February  15,  1843,  at  Milwaukee, 
Wis.  Appointed  Acting  Midshipman  at  Naval  Acad 
emy,  Annapolis,  Md.,  from  First  District  of  Wis 
consin,  September  23,  1858  ;  May  10,  1861,  detached 
from  the  Naval  Academy,  and  detailed  for  active 
duty;  June  7  to  August  15,  1861,  served  on  board 
frigate  St.  Lawrence;  on  July  28  she  captured  the 
Confederate  privateer  Petrel ;  August  1 5  to  Novem 
ber  19,  duty  in  Philadelphia  in  connection  with  the 
trial  of  prisoners  captured  on  board  the  Petrel ;  No 
vember  19,  1 86 1,  to  February  24,  1863,  served  on 
board  frigate  Minnesota,  flagship  N.  A.  Blockading 
Squadron  ;  participated  in  action  between  Merrimac 
and  Monitor  and  the  fleet  in  Hampton  Roads,  on 
March  8  and  9,  1862.  Promoted  to  Ensign,  Novem 
ber  n,  1862  ;  February  24  to  July  13,  1863,  attached 
to  steamsloop  Iroquois,  off  Wilmington,  N.  C.; 
March  8,  1864,  to  August  10,  1865,  attached  to  steam- 
sloop  Oneida,  W.  G.  B.  Squadron,  except  a  few  weeks 
of  service  on  board  the  Hartford  and  the  Kineo. 
Promoted  to  Lieutenant,  February  22,  1864  ;  Aug 
ust  5  to  23,  1864,  served  on  board  Oneida  during  the 
battle  of  Mobile  Bay,  and  subsequent  operations  to 
surrender  of  Fort  Morgan;  November  13,  1865,  to 
May  3,  1869,  attached  to  steamsloop  Shenandoah,  in 
the  East  Indies  and  China.  Promoted  to  Lieutenant- 
Commander,  July  25,  1866 ;  from  September  30, 
1869,  to  July  29,  1870,  duty  at  Naval  Academy;  Oc- 


n6 


tober  i  to  December  23,  1870,  duty  at  Navy  Yard, 
Kittery  ;  January  5  to  April  24,  1871,  attached  to 
frigate  Tennessee,  San  Domingo  Expedition ;  April 

24,  1871,  to  February  16,  1874,  attached  to  steamsloop 
Ticonderoga,   as  Executive,   on    the    Brazil   Station ; 
May   i,    1874,  to  June    i,    1876,   duty  at  Navy  Yard, 
Kittery;  June   i   to  September  9,  1876,  Torpedo   In 
struction   at  Newport;    September    15  to  October  4, 
1876,    Executive    of    receiving-ship    Worcester,    Nor 
folk;    October,  1876.  to  July,  1880,  on  dut}^  at  New 
York  Navy  Yard.     Promoted  to  Commander,  April 

25,  1877;    commanding  U.S.   S.    Monocacy,   Asiatic 
Station,  September,  1880,  to  September,  1883,  except 
a  period  of  six  weeks,  during  which  commanded  the 
U.  S.  S.  Alert,  on   that  station,  June-July,  iSSi  ;  In 
spector  of  Ordnance,  Navy  Yard,  Norfolk,  Va.,  from 
January,  1884,  to  October,  1887  ;  Inspector  Fifteenth 
Lighthouse  District,   from  October,   1887,  to  Decem 
ber,    1890;    commanding    Mohican,    April,    1891,   to 
May,    1892  ;    in    command    of    Behring    Sea    Patrol 
Squadron  from  June  to   October,  1891.     Promoted  to 
Captain,   May   28,  1892  ;  commanding  receiving-ship 
Independence,  May,  1892,  to  August  15,  1894  ;    com 
manding  U.  S.  flagship  Philadelphia,  Pacific  Station, 
from   August   24,    1894,  to  September   i,  1897  ;    tem 
porary  duty,  Washington  Navy  Yard,  from  January 
17,  1898,  to  April   22,  1898;    commanding  auxiliary 
cruiser  Harvard  from  April  25  to  September  2,  1898. 

The  first  duty  upon  which  the  Harvard  was  em 
ployed  was  scouting,  in  company  with  the  U.  S.  aux 
iliary  cruiser  St.  Louis,  to  the  eastward  of  the  Wind 
ward  Islands,  watching  for  the  approach  of  the  Span 
ish  squadron  under  Admiral  Cervera.  The  Harvard 


n7 

arrived  at  the  Island  of  Martinique,  West  Indies,  on 
the  forenoon  of  May  n,  1898,  a  few  hours  in  advance 
of  that  squadron  from  the  Cape  Verde  Islands,  and 
the  cablegram  from  the  Harvard  reporting  the  arrival 
there  of  Admiral  Cervera,  with  the  four  cruisers  and 
the  three  torpedo-destroyers  under  his  command,  was 
the  first  official  information  of  that  important  event 
to  reach  the  Navy  Department. 

After  the  destruction  of  Cervera's  squadron,  off 
Santiago,  July  3,  1898,  the  Harvard  rescued  from  the 
shore,  where  they  had  landed  near  their  burning 
ships,  the  surviving  officers  and  men,  nearly  700  in 
number,  of  the  Spanish  cruisers  Infanta  Maria 
Teresa  and  the  Almirante  Oquendo,  whom,  with  some 
300  more  Spanish  prisoners,  mostly  from  the  Viz- 
caya,  she  carried  to  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  and  to  the 
Naval  Academy,  Annapolis,  Md. 

Captain  of  the  Yard,  Navy  Yard,  Mare  Island, 
Cal.,  from  October  3,  1898,  to  April  19,  1899;  com- 
manding  receiving-ship  Independence,  Mare  Island, 
Cal.,  from  April  19,  1899,  to  March  23,  1900;  pro 
moted  Rear  Admiral,  March  27,  1900;  President  Re 
tiring  Board,  Washington,  D.  C.,  from  March  26  to 
July  14,  1900 ;  Commandant  Navy  Yard  and  Station, 
Norfolk,  Va.,  from  July  16,  1900,  to  1903.  Com 
manding  European  squadron  to  date  of  his  retirement 
in  1904. 


nS 


Rear  Admiral  N.  MAYO  DYER. 
United  States  Navy. 

Was  born  in  Provincetown,  Mass.  At  an  early 
age  he  entered  the  merchant  service,  in  which  he  was 
engaged  from  1854  to  1859.  He  then  became  em 
ployed  by  a  mercantile  firm,  in  whose  service  he  re 
mained  until  the  breaking  out  of  the  Civil  War,  when 
he  enlisted  in  the  Thirteenth  Regiment  of  Massachu 
setts  Volunteers.  His  natural  preference  being  for 
the  naval  branch  of  the  service,  he  sought  and  ob 
tained  a  transfer,  and  on  May  2,  1862,  entered  upon 
his  first  active  duty  in  the  Volunteer  branch  of  the 
Navy,  as  Acting  Master  at  the  Boston  Navy  Yard. 
His  next  duty  was  in  the  West  Gulf  Squadron,  where 
he  early  earned  distinction  for  his  gallantry  and  the 
intelligent  discharge  of  his  duties,  in  recognition  of 
which  he  was,  on  May  18,  1863,  promoted  to  the 
grade  of  Acting  Ensign,  and  appointed  to  the  com 
mand  of  the  Eugenie,  a  vessel  engaged  in  the  duty 
of  blockading  the  harbor  of  Mobile  and  in  dispatch 
service.  On  January  12,  1864,  ne  was  advanced  to 
the  grade  of  Acting  Master,  "  in  consideration  of  gal 
lant  and  faithful  service,"  as  stated  by  the  Secretary 
in  the  order  accompanying  his  promotion.  In  July, 
1864,  he  obtained  a  two  months'  leave  of  absence,  but 
upon  his  arrival  at  New  Orleans,  en  route  for  the 
North,  he  learned  of  the  probable  early  attack  upon 
the  harbor  and  forts  of  Mobile,  and  immediately  re 
linquished  the  privileges  of  his  leave  and,  returning 
to  the  squadron  off  Mobile,  at  the  earliest  opportunity, 


REAR    ADMIRAL    N.   .MAYO 
UNITED    STATES     NAVY. 


121 


preferred  a  request  to  the  commanding  officer  of  the 
fleet  to  be  assigned  to  active  duty.  His  request  was 
complied  with,  and  he  was  placed  in  command  of  the 
Metacomet,  on  July  19,  1864,  a  vessel  which  was  des 
tined  to  take  a  prominent  part  as  the  consort  of  Ad 
miral  Farragut's  flagship,  the  Hartford,  in  the  pas 
sage  of  the  forts  and  the  capture  of  the  rebel  fleet. 
In  this  event  it  was  his  good  fortune  to  receive  in 
person  the  surrender  of  the  Confederate  vessel  Selina. 
Upon  the  fall  of  Fort  Morgan  he  availed  himself  of 
his  leave,  at  the  expiration  of  which  he  was  attached 
to  Admiral  Farragut's  flagship,  the  Hartford,  remain 
ing  on  duty  on  that  vessel  until  its  return  north,  in 
December,  1864,  when  he  was  assigned  to  the  com 
mand  of  the  Rodolph,  with  which  vessel  he  co-opera 
ted  with  the  forces  under  General  Granzer  in  their 
operations  against  the  Mobile  from  Pascagoula,  ren 
dering  important  service  in  this  connection  in  Missis 
sippi  Sound  and  the  Pascagoula  River.  In  the  sub 
sequent  advance  upon  Mobile,  in  the  spring  of  1865, 
he  had  the  misfortune  on  April  i  to  lose  his  vessel  by 
contact  with  a  torpedo  in  Blalaly  River,  after  he  had 
rendered  conspicuous  service  in  the  general  attack. 
On  the  22d  of  the  same  month  he  received  his  com 
mission  as  Acting  Lieutenant,  and  upon  the  surren 
der  of  the  rebel  fleet  under  Commodore  Farragut,  in 
the  Tombigbee  River,  May  10,  1865,  Lieutenant 
Dyer  was  selected  to  command,  successively,  two  of 
the  surrendered  vessels,  the  Black  Diamond  and  the 
Morgan.  In  June  following  he  was  temporarily  in 
command  of  the  Elk,  and  in  July  was  given  the  more 
important  vessel,  the  Stockdale,  with  which  vessel  he 
was  ordered  to  proceed  to  Mississippi  Sound,  to  afford 


122 


protection  to  the  people  along  the  shore  and  to  culti 
vate  the  most  possible  friendly  relations  with  those 
lately  in  rebellion.  In  September,  1865,  the  Stock- 
dale  having  been  directed  to  be  placed  out  of  commis 
sion,  Lieutenant  Dyer  was  transferred  to  the  Ma- 
haska,  at  Apalachicola,  but  the  following  month  was 
detached  from  this  vessel  and  ordered  to  command 
the  Glasgowr  at  Pensacola.  In  April,  1866,  he  was 
detached  from  the  Glasgow,  and  ordered  to  report  to 
the  Bureau  of  Navigation  at  Washington,  where  he 
remained  on  special  duty  until  Ma}7,  1868.  Having 
been  mustered  out  of  the  Volunteer  service,  he  was 
commissioned  as  Lieutenant  in  the  regular  navy,  on 
March  12,  1868,  and  in  July,  wras  ordered  to  the 
Dacotah  in  the  South  Pacific  squadron,  joining  at 
Valparaiso,  August  27.  On  December  18,  1868,  he 
was  promoted  to  the  grade  of  Lieutenant-Commander. 
The  Dacotah  having  been  ordered  to  San  Francisco, 
upon  her  arrival  there  Lieutenant  Dyer  was  ordered 
to  the  command  of  the  Cyane,  with  which  vessel  he 
proceeded  to  Sitka,  Alaska,  on  special  duty,  running 
there  until  March,  1870,  when  he  was  ordered  to  join 
the  Pensacola  at  San  Francisco,  but  remained  on  duty 
on  that  vessel  but  a  short  time,  when  he  was  detached 
to  the  Ossipee,  which  proceeded  in  July  on  a  short 
cruise  to  Lower  California  and  the  Mexican  Coast. 
It  was  while  the  Ossipee  was  proceeding  north  from 
the  Mexican  Coast  that  they  encountered  a  hurricane 
which  left  a  rough  and  troubled  sea.  During  the 
subsistence  of  the  gale,  and  while  the  vessel  was 
making  sail,  a  man  fell  overboard  from  the  maintop- 
sail  yard,  the  halyards  having  carried  him  away  from 
the  yard  while  he  was  engaged  in  hoisting  the  top- 


123 

sail.  In  his  descent  the  man  struck  in  the  main 
chains,  was  knocked  senseless,  and,  falling  into  the 
sea,  was  soon  rapidly  drifting  astern.  Lieutenant 
Dyer  was  taking  an  observation  on  the  poop-deck, 
when  he  observed  the  accident.  Immediately  turning 
a  bowline  in  the  end  of  a  boat  fall,  he  jumped  into 
the  sea  and  succeeded  in  reaching  the  man  and  sus 
taining  him  until  both  were  rescued  by  a  boat's  crew. 
For  this  act  of  heroism  he  was  publicly  thanked  by 
the  commander  of  the  fleet,  Commodore  W.  R.  Tay- 
ler,  and  in  addition  was  awarded  a  medal.  In  Sep 
tember,  1870,  he  was  ordered  to  the  South  Pacific 
Station,  from  which  Station  he  was  detached  and 
ordered  home,  August  22,  1871.  He  was  attached  to 
the  Boston  Yard  from  November  7,  1871,  to  Septem 
ber  i,  1873,  and  for  the  two  succeeding  months  was 
on  duty  at  the  Torpedo  School,  Newport,  R.  I.  On 
November  24  he  was  ordered  to  command  the  torpedo 
boat  Mayflower  at  Norfolk,  for  duty  on  the  North 
Atlantic  Station.  From  the  Mayflower  he  was  trans 
ferred  to  the  command  of  the  Pinta.  In  February, 
1876,  he  was  detached  from  the  Pinta  and  ordered  to 
the  New  Hampshire  as  executive  officer,  the  vessel 
then  being  fitted  out  for  the  permanent  flagship  at 
Port  Royal,  S.  C.  In  December,  1876,  he  was  de 
tached  from  the  New  Hampshire  and  ordered  to  equip 
ment  duty  at  the  Boston,  remaining  until  1879.  He 
was  attached  to  the  receiving-ship  Wabash,  1879—81, 
and  to  the  Tennessee,  1881-83.  He  was  advanced  to 
the  grade  of  Commander  in  April,  1883,  and  ordered 
to  duty  in  connection  with  the  Light  House  Board, 
remaining  on  that  duty  until  1887,  when  he  was 
ordered  to  the  command  of  the  Marion  on  the  Asiatic 


124 

Station,  1887-90.  He  was  then  placed  on  waiting 
orders  for  several  years,  his  next  active  duty  being  at 
the  Naval  War  College,  Coasters'  Harbor  Island, 
R.  I.  After  serving  another  brief  period  as  Light 
House  Inspector,  he  was  in  July,  1897,  commissioned 
as  Captain  and  ordered  to  the  command  of  the  pro 
tected  cruiser  Philadelphia,  the  flagship  of  the  Pacific 
Squadron,  and  stationed  at  Honolulu.  In  October, 
1897,  he  was  transferred  to  the  command  of  the  pro 
tected  cruiser  Baltimore,  and  in  March,  1898,  he  was 
sent  to  the  Asiatic  Station  with  ordnance  supplies  for 
Dewey's  fleet,  the  timely  arrival  of  which  contributed 
so  materially  to  the  famous  victory  of  Manila  Bay. 
Commander  Dyer  participated  in  the  glorious  naval 
battle,  and  remained  on  duty  at  Manila  until  March, 
1899,  when  he  was  invalided  home.  He  was  retired 
from  active  service  on  February  19,  1901. 


BRIGADIER-GENERAL    LUCIUS     HENRY    WARREN. 
UNITED    STATES    VOLUNTEERS. 


127 


Brigadier  General   LUCIUS    HENRY  WARREN. 

United  States    Volunteers. 

Was  born  in  Charlestown,  Mass.,  October  6, 
1838,  being  a  son  of  Jndge  George  Washington  War 
ren  of  Boston.  The  family  is  of  distinguished  an 
cestry,  tracing  its  descent  in  the  sixth  generation 
from  John  Warren,  a  descendant  of  the  Earl  of  War 
ren,  who  came  to  America  with  Sir  Richard  Sal  ton- 
stall  in  Winthrop's  fleet,  and  settled  in  Watertown, 
Mass.  General  Warren's  mother  was  Lucy  Rogers, 
who  was  a  daughter  of  Jonathan  Newell,  M.  D.,  of 
Stowe,  England,  a  descendant  of  the  martyr,  John 
Rogers.  On  October  i,  1868,  General  Warren  was 
married  to  Jane  Maria  Hollingsworth,  daughter  of 
Amos  Hollingsworth,  of  Milton,  Mass.  He  entered 
Princeton  College  at  the  age  of  twenty,  and  was  grad 
uated  from  that  institution  in  1860,  with  high  honors, 
and  it  was  from  Princeton  that  he  received  the  degree 
of  A.  M.  in  1865,  Harvard  having  conferred  upon 
him  the  degree  of  LL.  B.,  in  1862.  Having  taken 
the  law  course,  he  was  admitted  to  the  Massachusetts 
bar  in  1862.  General  Warren  entered  the  Volunteer 
service  July  30,  1862,  enlisting  as  a  private  in  the 
Thirty-second  Regiment  of  Massachusetts  Volunteers. 
His  zeal  and  efficiency  as  a  soldier  soon  won  him  pre 
ferment,  and  in  August  following  his  enlistment  he 
received  a  commission  as  Second  Lieutenant.  In  De 
cember  of  the  same  year  he  was  promoted  to  First 
Lieutenant  for  bravery  in  action  at  Fredericksburg. 
While  holding  this  commission  he  participated  in 


128 


many  important  battles  and  skirmishes,  among  them 
that  of  Second  Bull  Run,  Antietam,  Frederick sburg, 
and  Chancellorsville,  being  in  command  of  his  com 
pany  in  the  last-named  event.  It  was  ever  a  source 
of  regret  with  him  that  he  was  confined  to  the  hospi 
tal  during  the  period  of  Lee's  second  incursion  into 
Pennsylvania,  and  he  thus  wras  prevented  from  par 
ticipating  in  the  most  important  battle  of  the  war. 
He  was  in  the  winter  of  1863-64  engaged  011  duty  as 
Judge  Advocate,  but  returned  to  duty  with  his  regi 
ment  in  time  to  participate  in  the  siege  of  Peters 
burg,  during  which  he  displayed  great  heroism  in  the 
various  skirmishes  and  minor  actions  in  which  he 
participated,  and  in  two  of  which  he  was  wounded. 
He  was  in  command  of  his  regiment  during  a  great 
portion  of  this  period,  and  often  of  the  brigade,  hav 
ing  received  rapid  promotion.  He  was  active  in  the 
engagements  which  immediately  preceded  the  fall  of 
Richmond,  and  was  in  command  of  the  first  colored 
troops  to  enter  that  city  after  the  evacuation.  It  was 
soon  after  the  conclusion  of  hostilities  that  the  Gov 
ernment  proceeded  to  take  decisive  measures  to  expel 
the  French  Army  under  Maximilian  from  Mexico, 
and  General  Warren  was  with  the  troops  which  were 
sent  to  the  frontier  preparatory  to  carrying  this  de 
cision  into  effect.  While  on  this  duty  he  was  for  a 
time  in  command  at  Brazos  and  the  district  of  Indi- 
anola,  Texas.  In  July,  1867,  while  in  command  at 
the  post  of  New  Iberia,  La.,  he  was  severely  wounded 
while  suppressing  a  mutiny.  In  January,  1868,  he 
was  appointed  Aide-de-Camp  to  Major-General  Robert 
C.  Buchanan,  commanding  the  Department  of  Louis 
iana  and  Texas,  and  subsequently  became  Acting  As- 


129 

sistant  Adjutant  General  on  his  staff,  a  position  lie 
held  during  the  remaining  reconstruction  period.  He 
resigned  from  the  army  on  October  15,  1879,  and 
soon  after  began  the  practice  of  law  at  the  Philadel 
phia  bar,  and  was  actively  engaged  in  his  profession 
until  1886,  when  he  retired  from  the  bar,  and  since 
has  resided  for  the  most  part  in  Europe.  The  mili 
tary  career  of  General  Warren  was  a  notable  one,  and 
his  many  acts  of  bravery  were  recognized  by  his  su 
periors,  and  frequently  rewarded  by  promotion.  After 
having  reached  the  grade  of  Lieutenant-Colonel,  he 
was  mustered  out  of  the  Volunteer  service  and  en 
tered  the  regular  army,  his  first  commission  being 
that  of  First  Lieutenant,  and  he  was  assigned  to  duty 
with  the  Thirty-ninth  United  States  Infantry.  For 
gallantry  in  front  of  Petersburg  he  was  brevetted 
Lieutenant-Colonel  and  Brigadier-General  of  United 
States  Volunteers,  and  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
services  during  the  war  he  was  brevetted  Major  and 
Lieutenant-Colonel  in  the  regular  army. 


130 


Brigadier  General  W.  F.  DRAPER. 

Was  born  in  Lowell,  Mass.,  on  trie  Qth  of  April, 
1842.  His  father,  George  Draper,  was  a  man  of  re 
markable  strength  of  character,  energy  and  intellect, 
leaving  a  record  of  usefulness  excelled  by  few  of  his 
contemporaries.  General  Draper  is  descended  from 
Revolutionary  stock,  one  of  his  ancestors,  Abijah 
Draper,  of  Dedham,  having  been  a  soldier  in  the  war 
for  Independence.  He  received  his  primary  education 
in  the  public  schools,  and  early  began  his  preparation 
for  entering  Harvard  College.  His  efforts  in  this  di 
rection  were,  however,  frequently  interrupted  by  his 
being  compelled  to  resort  to  means  for  his  livelihood, 
his  skill  as  a  machinist  causing  his  services  to  be 
readily  employed.  His  aspirations  for  a  collegiate 
education  were  destined  to  receive  a  serious  check  by 
the  breaking  out  of  the  Civil  War.  Catching  the 
spirit  of  patriotism  which  swept  through  the  country 
at  this  crucial  period  in  the  history  of  the  country,  he 
enlisted  on  the  Qth  of  August,  1861,  in  a  volunteer 
company  which  his  father,  George  Draper,  had  been 
largely  instrumental  in  raising.  Subsequently  this 
company  was  incorporated  with  the  Twenty-fifth 
Massachusetts  Volunteers,  and  the  son  was  chosen  as 
its  Second  Lieutenant.  His  first  important  duty  was 
in  connection  with  General  Burnside's  Expedition  to 
North  Carolina,  during  which  he  became  Signal  Offi 
cer  on  the  General's  staff,  and  participated  in  the  bat 
tles  of  Roanoke  Island,  New  Berne  and  Fort  Macon. 
During  this  service  he  was  promoted  to  the  grade  of 


BRIGADIER     GENERAL    W.    F.     DRAPER. 


First  Lieutenant,  and  in  August,  1862,  he  was  com 
missioned  Captain  and  transferred  to  the  Thirty- 
Sixth  Massachusetts  Regiment,  joining  his  new 
command  just  after  the  battle  of  South  Mountain, 
September  14,  1862.  This  victory  of  McClellan's 
immediately  preceded  the  more  important  battle  of 
Antietam,  in  which  Captain  Draper  took  an  active 
part.  He  was  also  present  at  the  battle  of  Fredericks- 
burg,  being,  a  short  time  after  that  disastrous  cam 
paign,  transferred  on  special  duty  at  Newport  News, 
Virginia.  His  regiment  having  been  transferred  to 
the  West,  it  was  for  a  time  engaged  in  the  arduous 
duty  of  pursuing  Morgan's  Cavalry,  a  predatory  or 
ganization  which  had  been  inflicting  unusual  damage 
on  the  Federal  lines.  In  the  discharge  of  this  duty 
the  regiment  rendered  most  effective  service,  and  was 
in  June,  1863,  sent  to  reinforce  General  Grant's 
Army  at  Vicksburg,  participating  in  the  siege  and 
capture  of  that  Confederate  stronghold,  and  in  the 
subsequent  march  to  Jackson  and  the  fighting  in  that 
locality.  From  the  severity  of  this  active  campaign 
ing  the  regiment  was  reduced  from  six  hundred  and 
fifty  in  June  to  one  hundred  and  ninety-eight  in  Sep 
tember.  In  August,  1863,  the  regiment  returned  to 
Kentucky,  marching  through  Cumberland  Gap  into 
East  Tennessee.  The  siege  of  Knoxville  and  the 
battles  of  Blue  Springs,  Campbell's  Station  and 
Strawberry  Plains  were  fought  in  rapid  succession, 
Major  Draper  being  in  command  of  the  regiment 
after  the  loth  of  October,  Colonel  Goodell  having 
been  wounded. 

In  the  spring  of   1864  the  regiment  was  sent  to 
Annapolis,  Maryland,  and,   after  being  partially  re- 


134 

cruited,  joined  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  under  Gen 
eral  Grant.  On  the  sixth  of  May,  in  the  battle  of 
the  Wilderness,  while  leading  his  regiment  in  a 
charge  over  a  Confederate  rifle  pit,  he  was  shot 
through  the  body  and  left  on  the  field.  After  the 
position  had  been  successively  captured  and  recap 
tured,  he  was  finally  rescued  and  sent  to  a  hospital  in 
Washington.  He  received  his  commission  as  Lieu 
tenant-Colonel  from  this  date,  and  served  as  Colonel 
of  his  regiment  until  the  close  of  the  war. 

After  partially  recovering  from  his  wounds  he 
joined  his  regiment  in  front  of  Petersburg,  and  was 
in  command  of  a  brigade  during  the  severe  engage 
ment  at  the  Weldon  Railroad.  A  month  later  his 
division  was  engaged  in  the  actions  at  Poplar  Grove 
Church  and  Pegsanrs  Farm,  suffering  heavy  losses 
and  becoming  separated  from  the  rest  of  the  com 
mand.  Colonel  Draper's  regiment  was  the  only  one 
of  the  brigade  that  came  out  of  these  actions  with  its 
organization  complete,  bringing  off  its  colors  with 
those  of  several  other  regiments.  On  this  occasion 
Colonel  Draper  received  a  slight  wound,  which,  how 
ever,  did  not  disable  him.  On  the  i2th  of  October, 
his  term  of  service  having  expired.,  and  his  wounds 
being  of  a  troublesome  character,  he  accepted  his  dis 
charge  and  returned  home,  having  received  the  brevet 
of  Colonel  and  Brigadier  General  for  "  gallant  ser 
vice  during  the  war." 

Both  regiments  with  which  Colonel  Draper  was 
connected  were  characterized  as  "  fighting  regiments," 
the  Twenty-fifth  Massachusetts  losing  seventy  per 
cent,  of  its  number  in  killed  and  wounded  in  one  en 
gagement,  that  of  Cold  Harbor,  while  the  Thirty- 


sixth  Massachusetts,  in  the  campaign  beginning  with 
the  Wilderness,  had  every  field  and  line  officer  except 
one  and  seventy-five  per  cent,  of  the  enlisted  men 
killed  or  wounded. 

Soon  after  the  close  of  the  war  General  Draper 
became  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  cotton  ma 
chinery,  in  which  he  attained  great  success,  and  he  is 
now  at  the  head  of  the  firm  of  George  Draper  & 
Sons,  being  besides  President  or  Director  in  numer 
ous  manufacturing,  railroad  or  insurance  companies. 
He  is  a  mechanical  expert  and  an  inventor,  with  a 
record  of  over  fifty  patents.  He  is  a  well  known 
writer  on  economics,  and  was  for  one  year  President 
of  the  Home  Market  Club. 

General  Draper  served  for  three  years  on  the 
staff  of  Governor  Long,  and  made  a  strong  fight  for 
the  Gubernational  nomination  in  1888.  He  was  sub 
sequently  elected  to  Congress  from  the  Eleventh 
Massachusetts  Congressional  District. 


i36 


Commander  ZERA  L.  TANNER. 

United  States  Navy. 

Was  born  in  Warsaw,  Wyoming  County,  New 
York,  and  entered  the  Navy  as  Acting  Ensign  in 
Augnst,  1862.  His  first  service  was  on  board  the 
Midnight,  one  of  the  vessels  attached  to  the  South 
Atlantic  Blockading  Squadron.  He  remained  on  this 
duty  until  September,  1864,  when  he  received  his 
promotion  to  the  grade  of  Acting  Master,  and  was 
transferred  to  the  Rhode  Island,  a  vessel  eagaged  on 
special  duty  in  connection  with  the  North  Atlantic 
Blockading  Squadron.  He  remained  on  this  duty 
until  1865,  when  he  was  assigned  to  the  Vermont, 
stationed  at  the  New  York  Navy  Yard  as  a  receiving- 
ship,  remaining  on  this  duty  until  1866.  During 
this  year  it  was  determined  by  the  Navy  Department 
to  test  the  sea-going  powers  of  the  Miantonomoh 
type,  and  that  monitor  was  accordingly  dispatched  to 
the  Mediterranean.  As  a  measure  of  precaution  the 
vessel  was  accompanied  by  a  seaworthy  ship,  and  ac 
cordingly  the  U.  S.  S.  Augusta  was  selected.  It  was 
the  good  fortune  of  Acting  Master  Tanner  to  be  se 
lected  as  one  of  the  officers  to  accompany  that  memo 
rable  voyage,  during  which  the  unique  type  of  fight 
ing  craft  which  had  sprung  from  the  Civil  War 
attracted  the  attention  and  admiration  of  the  naval 
experts  of  the  European  powers.  On  his  return  to 
America  in  1867,  he  remained  on  temporary  duty  for 
a  short  period,  and  then  was  ordered  to  the  Onward, 
on  the  Asiatic  Station,  where  he  continued  on  duty 


COMMANDER     ZERA     L.    TANNER. 
UNITED    STATES    NAVY. 


139 

for  several  years.  On  March  12,  1868,  he  was  trans 
ferred  from  the  volunteer  to  the  regular  service,  re 
ceiving  the  commission  of  Bnsign,  his  promotion  to 
the  grade  of  Master  coming  in  December  of  the  same 
year.  Having  been  ordered  home  from  the  Asiatic 
Station  in  1870,  he  was  for  the  second  time  attached 
to  the  receiving-ship  Vermont  at  the  New  York  Navy 
Yard.  His  promotion  to  the  grade  of  Lieutenant  oc 
curred  on  March  21,  1870.  His  next  duty  was  on  the 
Narragansett,  a  vessel  engaged  in  surveying  the  Pa 
cific  Coast.  He  remained  on  this  service  till  1873, 
when  he  was  ordered  to  duty  as  recruiting  officer  at 
Buffalo.  After  serving  for  a  period  at  the  Philadel 
phia  Navy  Yard  in  1874,  he  obtained  from  the  De 
partment  an  extended  leave  of  absence,  and  entered 
the  merchant  service  as  a  commanding  officer.  His 
first  duty  in  this  line  was  as  the  Commander  of  the 
Pacific  mail  steamship  Colon,  1874-75,  and  his  next  as 
Commander  of  the  City  of  Peking,  1876-78,  these 
vessels  being  engaged  in  the  Oriental  trade.  Lieu 
tenant  Tanner  proved  himself  during  this  period  to 
be  thoroughly  equipped  for  the  arduous  and  respon 
sible  duties  of  a  commanding  officer,  and  by  his  un 
varying  courtesy  rendered  himself  popular  with  the 
officers  of  the  company  and  its  patrons.  In  1876  he 
was  ordered  on  active  duty  by  the  Department,  and 
was  assigned  to  the  Hydrographic  Office  at  Washing 
ton,  where  he  remained  until  1879,  when  he  was  or 
dered  to  the  command  of  the  Speedwell.  In  1880  he 
was  assigned  to  special  duty  in  command  of  the  Fish 
Commission  steamer  Fish  Hawk,  and  remained  on 
that  duty  until  1882,  when  he  was  transferred  to  the 
steamer  Albatross,  engaged  in  the  same  field.  On 


140 

February  22,  1883,  he  received  his  commission  as 
Lieutenant-Commander,  his  next  promotion  coming 
ten  years  later,  February  7,  1893,  when  he  was  pro 
moted  to  his  final  grade,  that  of  Commander.  Com 
mander  Tanner's  duties  during  the  closing  years  of 
his  service  were  closely  confined  to  the  Fish  Commis 
sion  and  Hydrographic  Office,  his  services  in  these 
departments  being  exceptionally  valuable.  He  was 
placed  on  the  retired  list  December  5,  1897. 


RICHMOND     PEARSON     HOBSON. 
LATE    NAVAL  CONSTRUCTOR,   UNITED    STATES   NAVY. 


143 


RICHMOND    PEARSON     HOBSON. 

Late  Naval  Constructor,  United  States  Navy. 

Was  born  in  Greensboro,  Ala.,  August  17,  1870. 
At  the  age  of  twelve  years  he  entered  the  Southern 
University,  where  he  remained  for  three  years.  On 
May  21,  1885,  having  received  the  appointment  of 
Cadet  at  the  Naval  Academy,  Annapolis,  he  entered 
that  Institution,  and  was  graduated  with  high  honors 
in  1889.  During  his  career  at  the  Academy  he  gained 
distinction  as  a  close  student,  and  it  was  no  surprise 
that  he  elected  to  enter  one  of  the  higher  branches  of 
the  service,  that  of  Naval  Constructor.  He  received 
his  appointment  as  Assistant  Naval  Constructor  on 
July  i,  1891,  and  was  promoted  to  the  grade  of  Con 
structor  on  June  23,  1898,  and  as  such  was  on  active 
duty  with  the  North  Atlantic  Squadron  at  the  break 
ing  out  of  the  Spanish-American  War,  on  board  the 
flagship  New  York.  It  was  during  this  period  that 
his  superior  skill  and  ability  were  brought  to  the  at 
tention  of  his  superior  officers,  and  he  rendered  effi 
cient  service  at  the  bombardment  of  Matanzas  and  in 
the  expedition  against  San  Juan,  Porto  Rico.  When 
the  Spanish  fleet  under  Admiral  Cervera  entered  the 
harbor  of  Santiago  de  Cuba,  and  was  blockaded  by 
the  combined  fleets  of  Admirals  Sampson  and  Schley, 
it  was  determined  by  the  commanding  officer  to  at 
tempt  to  effectually  stop  the  egress  of  the  fleet  from 
the  harbor  by  placing  obstructions  in  the  channel. 
With  this  purpose  in  view  the  collier  Merrimac  was 


144 

selected,  and  Constructor  Hobson,  having  tendered 
his  services,  was  selected  by  Admiral  Sampson  to 
carry  into  effect  this  perilous  enterprise.  Selecting  a 
crew  of  eight  men  from  the  hundreds  who  were  eager 
to  share  with  Hobson  the  danger  and  the  glory  of  the 
expedition,  on  the  night  of  June  2,  1898,  he  entered 
the  harbor  with  the  vessel.  No  sooner  had  he  ap 
proached  the  spot  designated  for  the  sinking  of  the 
Merrimac  than  its  presence  was  discovered  by  the 
enemy,  and  immediately  a  concentrated  fire  from  the 
fortifications  at  the  mouth  of  the  harbor  ensued,  by 
which  the  work  of  placing  the  obstruction  in  mid- 
channel  was  so  seriously  interfered  with  as  to  render 
the  enterprise  only  partially  successful.  Captain 
Hobson  and  his  crew,  having  attached  themselves  to 
a  life  raft  which  had  been  provided  for  the  emergency, 
were  picked  up  by  the  Spaniards  and  made  prisoners. 
This  act  of  heroism  on  the  part  of  Hobson  and  his 
companions  thrilled  every  community  throughout  the 
land  with  patriotic  enthusiasm,  scarcely  any  event  of 
the  war  having  attracted  more  wide-spread  attention 
and  approval.  After  the  Spanish  fleet  was  destroyed 
in  its  attempt  to  escape  from  the  harbor,  it  was  deter 
mined  by  the  authorities  to  endeavor  to  float  some  of 
the  vessels,  with  a  view  to  their  reconstruction.  To 
this  arduous  task  Captain  Hobson  was  assigned,  but 
the  destruction  of  the  ships  had  been  so  thoroughly 
accomplished,  that  but  one  of  them  was  raised,  the 
Maria  Teresa,  which  was  subsequently  lost  in  an  at 
tempt  to  tow  her  to  an  American  harbor.  At  the 
close  of  the  war  Captain  Hobson  was  sent  to  Hong 
Kong  to  supervise  the  reconstruction  of  three  Span- 


ish  gunboats  which  had  been  partially  destroyed  at 
the  battle  of  Manila,  a  duty  which  he  performed  with 
entire  satisfaction  to  the  authorities  at  Washington. 
He  was,  at  the  conclusion  of  this  duty,  placed  in 
charge  of  the  construction  department  of  the  Navy 
Yard  at  Cavite,  P.  I.  He  retured  to  the  United  States 
in  1902,  and  was  for  a  brief  period  Superintendent  of 
naval  construction  at  the  Crescent  shipyards,  Eliza 
beth,  N.  J.  At  this  period  Captain  Hobson  desired 
to  be  placed  on  the  retired  list,  and  made  formal  ap 
plication  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy  for  such  retire 
ment.  The  Secretary,  however,  took  the  view  that 
this  officer's  services  were  too  valuable  to  the  country 
to  be  thus  dispensed  with,  and  denied  the  application. 
Captain  Hobson  subsequently  made  an  effort  to  se 
cure  his  retirement  by  a  special  act  of  Congress,  but 
was  not  successful,  and  in  February,  1903,  he  formally 
tendered  his  resignation  and  it  was  accepted.  Almost 
immediately  following  his  resignation  he  entered 
the  political  field,  becoming  a  candidate  for  Congress 
from  his  native  State.  In  the  prosecution  of  this 
laudable  ambition  he  entered  into  an  active  and  thor 
ough  campaign  of  his  district,  and  developed  orator 
ical  and  forensic  powers  of  a  high  and  convincing 
order.  In  his  numerous  speeches  he  strongly  advo 
cated  the  importance  of  the  increase  of  the  naval 
power  of  the  Government,  as  he  had  previously  done 
in  lectures  and  addresses  in  various  parts  of  the  coun 
try,  and  he  has  made  it  quite  evident  that  that  would 
be  his  predominating  theme  should  he  succeed  in  en 
tering  the  legislative  halls  of  his  country.  In  his 
recent  effort,  however,  he  was  unfortunate  in  having 


146 

opposed  to  him  a  veteran  in  politics  with  a  popularity 
scarcely  surpassed  by  any  other  man  in  his  district, 
and  he  was  unable  to  secure  a  majority  of  the  dele 
gates,  and  his  political  ambition  has  been  temporarily 
checked.  He  has,  however,  announced  his  determina 
tion  not  to  abandon  the  field,  and  it  may  be  safely 
predicted  that  his  ambition  in  this  direction  will  be 
eventually  crowned  with  success. 


MATTHEW    STANLEY    QUAY. 
LATE  UNITED  STATEB  SENATOR    FROM    PENNSYLVANIA, 


149 


MATTHEW   STANLEY   QUAY. 

Late   United  States  Senator  from  Pennsylvania. 

Held  for  many  years  a  leading  position  in  the 
political  affairs  of  the  nation.  He  was  born  in  the 
village  of  Dillsburg,  York  County,  Penn.,  Septem 
ber  30,  1833,  his  father  being  a  Presbyterian  clergy 
man.  Young  Quay  early  evinced  an  ardent  desire 
for  a  thorough  education,  and,  after  passing  through 
the  various  grades  of  the  public  schools,  he  took  a 
course  at  Jefferson  College,  from  which  institution  he 
was  graduated  at  the  age  of  seventeen.  His  family 
having  removed  to  Pittsburg,  he  began  the  study  of 
law  in  the  office  of  Judge  Sterrett,  which,  however, 
he  intermitted  by  a  visit  to  the  Southwest,  where  he 
spent  a  year  or  two  in  teaching  and  lecturing.  Re 
turning  home  he  resumed  his  law  studies,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1854,  at  the  age  of  twenty-one. 
In  1855  he  was  appointed  to  the  office  of  Protho- 
notary  of  Beaver  County,  to  fill  a  vacancy,  and  the 
same  year  he  was  regularly  elected  to  the  office,  and 
again  in  1859. 

At  the  breaking  out  of  the  Civil  War  he  entered 
the  ranks  of  the  Tenth  Pennsylvania  Reserves  as  a 
Private,  but  was  soon  commissioned  a  Lieutenant. 
Coming  under  the  eye  of  Governor  Curtin,  that 
functionary  soon  discovered  the  marked  ability  pos 
sessed  by  the  young  officer,  and  appointed  him  to  the 
responsible  position,  Commissary  General  of  the 
State  Troops,  with  the  rank  of  Lieutenant-Colonel. 
He  discharged  the  duties  of  this  responsible  office 


with  great  satisfaction  during  the  entire  period  of 
the  organization  of  the  troops  of  the  State,  and  when 
they  were  mustered  into  the  service  of  the  Govern 
ment,  Governor  Curtin  made  him  his  Private  Secre 
tary.  After  serving  a  year  in  this  capacity,  rendering 
valuable  aid  to  the  Governor  in  connection  with  the 
military  organizations,  in  August,  1862,  he  entered  the 
service  of  the  Government  as  Colonel  of  the  One 
Hundred  and  Thirty-fourth  Pennsylvania  Regiment. 
After  several  months  of  active  service  with  the  Army 
of  the  Potomac,  he  was  prostrated  by  an  attack  of  ty 
phoid  fever,  which  so  impaired  his  health  as  to  com 
pel  him  to  leave  the  service.  He,  however,  recovered 
sufficiently  to  take  an  active  part  as  a  volunteer  offi 
cer  in  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg,  and  displayed 
such  gallantry  that  he  was  awarded  the  Congressional 
Medal  of  Honor.  He  again  entered  the  service  of  his 
State,  first  as  Military  State  Agent  at  Washington, 
and  afterward  as  Military  Secretary  to  the  Governor. 
Returning  to  his  home  in  1864,  he  entered  the  field 
of  politics,  and  was  elected  to  the  Legislature,  in 
which  position  he  served  several  terms.  In  1868  he 
was  chosen  Secretary  of  the  Republican  State  Central 
Committee.  In  1869  he  established  the  Beaver  Rad 
ical,  which  under  his  able  management  soon  gained 
a  prominent  and  influential  position  among  the  polit 
ical  organs  of  the  party.  He  took  an  active  part  in 
the  campaign  which  terminated  in  the  election  of 
Governor  Hartranft,  and  was  appointed  Secretary  of 
State,  a  position  which  he  held  from  1872  to  1878, 
and  subsequently  from  1879  to  1882.  In  the  interval 
of  these  two  terms  as  Secretary  of  State  he  held  the 
position  of  Recorder  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia. 


The  prominence  which  Mr.  Quay  had  attained  in  the 
councils  of  his  party  led  to  his  nomination  in  1887 
for  the  office  of  State  Treasurer,  and  he  was  elected 
by  an  unprecedented  majority.  Soon  after  the  ex 
piration  of  his  term  as  Treasurer  was  chosen  United 
States  Senator,  a  position  which  he  held  almost  con 
tinuously  until  his  death  in  1904.  During  all  of  this 
period  Senator  Quay's  power  and  influence  in  the 
councils  of  his  party  were  strongly  felt,  and  his  dom 
ination  of  the  political  actions  of  the  Republicans  of 
his  own  State  was  absolute,  though  frequent  efforts 
were  made  to  deprive  him  of  this  power.  Soon  after 
his  election  to  the  Senate  he  was  made  Chairman  of 
the  Republican  National  Committee,  and  later  Chair 
man  of  the  Executive  Committee  of  that  organiza 
tion,  in  which  latter  position  he  had  charge  of  the 
party  canvass  which  led  to  the  election  of  General 
Harrison  to  the  Presidency.  In  the  National  Con 
vention  of  1896  he  was  placed  in  nomination  for  the 
office  of  President,  receiving  the  solid  vote  of  the  del 
egates  from  his  own  State,  and  the  votes  of  quite  a 
number  of  delegates  from  other  States.  In  his  Sen 
atorial  capacity  he  seldom  took  part  in  the  debates, 
but  was  recognized  as  one  of  the  ablest  and  most  inde 
fatigable  workers  in  the  upper  branch  of  the  National 
Legislature  in  preparing  and  promoting  in  the  vari 
ous  committees  of  which  he  was  a  member  the  work 
of  that  body.  In  1899  there  came  a  brief  hiatus  in 
his  legislative  career,  a  faction  of  his  party  in  the 
Legislature  opposing  and  temporarily  defeating  his 
re-election.  At  this  period  the  charge  of  misappro 
priation  of  funds  while  he  was  Recorder  of  Philadel 
phia  was  made,  but  upon  trial  was  not  substantiated. 


152 

The  Legislature  having  reached  its  adjournment 
without  the  election  of  a  Senator  to  succeed  Senator 
Quay,  he  was  appointed  by  Governor  Stone  to  fill  the 
vacancy.  This  appointment  failed,  on  technical 
grounds,  to  receive  the  approval  of  the  Senate.  The 
Senatorial  question  became  an  issue  in  the  following 
State  campaign,  with  the  result  that  at  the  meeting 
of  the  Legislature  Senator  Quay  was  re-elected  by  a 
handsome  majority,  showing  that  he  still  held  control 
of  the  party  organization  in  the  State.  This  control, 
though  for  a  brief  period  weakened,  was  never  other 
wise  seriously  opposed  or  disputed  from  the  time 
when  he  was  elected  to  the  Senate  until  the  time  of 
his  death,  which  occurred  on  May  28,  1904.  Al 
though  he  was  for  a  long  period  stigmatized  with  the 
opprobrious  name  of  a  political  "  boss,"  no  one  was 
ever  able  to  attach  to  his  name,  in  public  or  private 
life,  anything  reflecting  upon  his  honor  or  integrity. 


BRIGADIER     GENERAL    CAMILLO    C.     C.     CARR. 

UNITED     STATES     ARMY. 


Brigadier  General  CAMILLO  C.  C.  CARR. 

United  States  Army. 

Was  born  March  3,  1842,  at  Harrisburg,  Rock- 
ingham  County,  Va.  His  career  in  the  Army  began 
when  he  enlisted  in  the  First  United  States  Cavalry, 
August  15,  1862,  being  then  twenty  years  old.  He 
rapidly  passed  through  the  grades  of  Corporal,  Ser 
geant,  First  Sergeant,  and  Regimental  Sergeant 
Major,  and  was  given  his  commission  as  a  Second 
Lieutenant  in  the  First  United  States  Cavalry,  Octo 
ber  31,  1863.  He  got  another  step  in  1864,  and  re 
ceived  his  Captaincy  April  8,  1869.  Owing  to  the 
unfortunate  system  of  promotion  of  those  days,  he 
did  not  get  his  majority  until  the  yth  of  February, 
1891,  when  he  went  to  the  Eighth  Cavalry.  After 
seven  years  in  this  grade  he  was  promoted  to  be  Lieu 
tenant-Colonel  of  the  Fifth  Cavalry  in  1898,  and  ar 
rived  at  his  present  grade  January  23,  1900. 

He  has  been  brevet  ted  three  times :  first,  for  gal 
lant  and  meritorious  conduct  during  the  battle  of 
Todd's  Tavern,  Va.  (Wilderness),  where  he  was 
wounded.  He  received  the  brevet  rank  of  First  Lieu 
tenant,  May  6,  1864.  He  was  brevetted  Captain,  Sep 
tember  19,  1864,  for  gallant  conduct  at  the  battle  of 
Winchester,  and  again  he  showed  his  bravery,  win 
ning  the  brevet  rank  of  Major  for  gallant  services 
against  the  Indians,  1877.  During  the  Civil  War  he 
served  continuously  with  the  Cavalier  Corps,  Army 
of  the  Potomac,  and  as  a  First  Lieutenant  com 
manded  six  troops  of  the  First  United  States  Cav- 


156 

airy  in  all  the  battles  of  General  Sheridan's  Shenan- 
doah  Valley  Campaign,  and  although  wounded  at 
Cedar  Creek,  he  did  not  leave  the  regiment.  After 
the  war  his  service  was  in  the  Indian  country,  near 
the  Pacific  Coast,  from  1866  to  1884,  first  in  Arizona, 
afterwards  taking  part  in  Crook's  Campaign  in  1873, 
and  after  outbreaks  in  1881  and  1882,  again  in  the 
Nez  Perces  Campaign  in  1877,  an<^  the  Bannock 
Campaign  of  1878. 

Colonel  Carr  has  also  been  active  in  the  theoret 
ical  work  of  the  Army,  being  Assistant  Instructor, 
Department  of  Cavalry,  at  the  Infantry  and  Cavalry 
School,  Fort  Leaven  worth,  from  1885  to  Ic^9I)  when 
he  became  head  of  the  Department,  which  post  he 
held  until  1894,  when  ordered  to  the  Department  of 
the  Columbia  as  Assistant  Adjutant  General. 

In  1898  Colonel  Carr  first  went  to  Huntsville, 
Ala.,  in  command  of  the  Eighth  Cavalry,  and  re 
mained  there  until  he  was  made  Lieutenant-Colonel 
of  the  Fifth  Cavalry,  taking  command  of  the  regi 
ment  and  going  with  it  to  Porto  Rico,  where  he  com 
manded  the  greater  part  of  the  western  end  of  the 
Island  for  about  seventeen  months,  with  headquarters 
at  Mayaguez. 

Upon  receiving  his  promotion  as  Colonel  of  the 
Fourth  Cavalry,  he  left  Porto  Rico,  and  after  a  short 
leave  he  joined  his  regiment  in  the  Philippines,  re 
turning  in  command  August,  1901. 

Colonel  Carr  was  placed  in  command  of  the  Cav 
alry  and  Field  Artillery  School  of  Application,  Sep 
tember  n,  1901,  where  he  is  now  on  duty.  Promoted 
Brigadier  General,  August  17,  1903. 


BRIGADIER     GENERAL    FRANCIS     MARION     DRAKE. 


Brigadier  General  FRANCIS   MARION    DRAKE. 

Was  born  in  Rushville,  Illinois,  December  30, 
1830.  He  was  the  second  son  of  John  Adams  Drake 
and  Harriet  Jane  (O'Neal)  Drake,  natives  of  Nash 
County,  North  Carolina. 

General  Drake  was  of  English  descent,  and 
traced  his  family  back  to  a  brother  of  Sir  Francis 
Drake.  He  was  also  a  descendant  of  the  illustrious 
Adams  family.  His  father's  family  located  in  Iowa 
in  1837,  and  General  Drake  resided  in  that  State  dur 
ing  his  life. 

He  received  a  good  business  education,  and  led 
an  active,  successful  business  life.  During  the  ex 
citement  that  followed  the  discovery  of  gold  in  Cali 
fornia,  he  crossed  the  plains  twice  with  ox-trains, 
taking  with  him  a  drove  of  cattle  each  time.  He 
was  a  "  born  leader  of  men,"  as  shown  by  the  fact 
that  the  first  time  he  crossed  the  plains — though  but 
twenty  years  old — he  was  made  Captain  of  the  train. 

On  the  first  trip,  his  command  of  men  was  attacked 
by  three  hundred  Pawnee  Indians  at  the  Crossing  of 
Shell  Creek  in  Nebraska.  He  defeated  them,  inflict 
ing  a  severe  loss.  His  own  men  escaped  without  in 
jury  except  to  one,  who  was  slightly  wounded.  As 
he  was  returning  home  from  his  second  visit  to  Cali 
fornia,  the  Yankee  Blade,  on  which  he  sailed,  was 
wrecked  off  Point  Aquilla  in  the  Pacific  Ocean.  The 
ill-fated  steamer  was  completely  wrecked,  and  over 
eight  hundred  of  the  passengers  lost  their  lives. 


i6o 

This  occurred  September  30,  1854.  He,  with  other 
survivors,  was  picked  up  from  a  barren  rock  five  days 
later. 

At  the  outbreak  of  the  Civil  War  in  1861,  he 
enlisted  and  was  commissioned  Captain  of  a  company 
which  was  organized,  and  entered  Colonel  Bdwards' 
Independent  Iowa  Regiment.  Soon  after  joining  this 
regiment  he  was  elected  Major.  On  assuming  com 
mand  he  was  informed  that  the  Confederates  were 
rapidly  massing  in  northern  Missouri.  He  deter 
mined  to  strike  at  once,  and  sent  a  messenger  to  his 
superior  officer  announcing  his  decision.  He  set  out 
immediately  and  the  enemy  fled  before  him.  He 
served  in  this  command  during  the  critical  times  of 
1 86 1,  and  saw  the  forces  under  General  Patton  driven 
from  the  northern  part  of  Missouri. 

He  was  then  assigned  to  the  command  of 
St.  Joseph,  Mo.  He  held  this  position  at  the  time  of 
Mulligan's  surrender  to  Price  at  Lexington.  Price, 
flushed  with  victory,  pressed  on  toward  St.  Joseph. 
Major  Drake  had  but  a  meagre  force  to  resist  him. 
The  city  contained  many  Southern  sympathizers, 
ready  to  report  every  movement. 

Drake  decided  that  strategy  and  vigorous  action 
were  the  only  things  that  would  save  him.  With 
nightfall  he  began  to  march  and  countermarch  his 
troops  through  the  city.  The  early  morning  light 
showed  the  rear  guard  marching  from  the  city.  The 
morning  paper  came  out  with  heavy  headlines, 
"  Drake  heavily  reinforced  during  the  night.  Ad 
vancing  to  attack  Price." 

The  word  was  hurriedly  carried  to  Price.  In  the 
meantime  Major  Drake,  at  the  head  of  three  hundred 


Kansas  Jayhawkers,  his  only  mounted  force,  rode 
rapidly  forward,  and  attacked  Price's  advance  guard 
with,  impetuosity.  The  enemy  broke  before  them  and 
Price  ordered  a  general  retreat. 

When  the  Thirty-sixth  Iowa  Infantry  was  organ 
ized  he  was  made  Lieutenant-Colonel,  and  his  name 
stands  conspicuous  in  the  military  history  of  the 
three  years'  hard,  efficient  service  which  placed  that 
regiment  among  the  distinguished  Iowa  regiments. 

Colonel  Drake  took  a  prominent  part  in  the  cam 
paign  of  Steele  from  Little  Rock  to  reinforce  Banks 
in  Louisiana  in  1864.  His  gallant  defense  at  Elkins 
Ford  on  the  Little  Missouri  River  was  highly  com 
mended  by  his  superior  officers.  With  a  detachment 
of  five  hundred  men  he  held  his  ground,  although 
hotly  engaged  for  several  hours,  with  Marmaduke's 
entire  division  numbering  three  thousand  strong. 
Soon  after  this  engagement  he  was  placed  in  com 
mand  of  a  brigade. 

On  the  25th  of  April,  1864,  at  the  bloody  battle 
of  Mark's  Mills,  with  a  command  of  less  than  fifteen 
hundred  men,  he  fought  the  combined  cavalry  forces 
of  Kirby  Smith,  commanded  by  General  Fagan.  Dur 
ing  this  engagement  he  was  severely  wounded  in  the 
left  thigh  and  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  enemy.  The 
wound  was  pronounced  mortal.  The  upper  end  of 
the  thigh  bone  was  fractured  by  a  Belgian  ball  weigh 
ing  one  and  one-half  ounces.  The  ball  was  cut  into 
several  pieces  by  the  sharp  edges  of  bone.  The 
pieces  of  the  ball  were  removed  from  different  parts 
of  the  body,  except  one  drachm  of  lead,  which  was 
buried  in  the  bone  at  the  point  where  it  struck,  and 
remained  until  his  death. 


162 


The  genial  disposition  and  personal  magnetism 
that  surrounded  him  with  warm  personal  friends 
served  him  well  in  this  strait. 

Before  the  Civil  War  he  had  been  engaged  in  the 
mercantile  business.  His  business  called  him  fre 
quently  to  St.  Louis  to  purchase  goods.  Among  the 
merchants  of  St.  Louis  was  General  Fagan,  and  he 
and  Drake  came  to  be  friends. 

When  General  Fagan  recognized  in  the  wounded 
Colonel  his  former  friend,  he  was  anxious  to  do  any 
thing  possible  for  his  comfort.  It  was  thought  that 
Drake's  wound  must  necessarily  prove  fatal  and  he 
was  not  held  as  a  prisoner  of  war. 

A  few  days  later  the  Federals  occupied  the  coun 
try,  and  Colonel  Drake  was  taken  to  Little  Rock. 
His  condition  was  serious  and  he  was  sent  to  his 
home.  After  confinement  in  bed  for  almost  six 
months,  his  wounds  were  sufficiently  improved,  and 
he  rejoined  his  command  at  Little  Rock.  This  was 
in  October  of  1864,  and  he  was  still  unable  to  walk 
except  by  aid  of  crutches. 

He  was  soon  after  recommended  for  promotion 
by  the  field  and  general  officers.  "  On  account  of 
special  gallantry  and  hard  and  efficient  service,"  was 
brevetted  Brigadier  General  of  United  States  Volun 
teers,  and  assigned  to  duty  commensurate  with  his 
rank.  He  relieved  General  Thayer  at  St.  Charles  ; 
later  commanded  a  brigade  in  the  division  of  General 
Shaler  and  the  post  at  Duval's  Bluff,  Arkansas.  He 
was  mustered  out  of  service  in  September  of  1865. 

After  the  war,  General  Drake  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  law  for  about  six  years.  During  his  prac 
tice  of  law  he  won  for  himself  an  extended  reputation 
as  a  criminal  lawyer. 


1 63 

For  almost  thirty  years  he  was  engaged  in  the 
railroad  and  banking  business.  Dnring  this  time  he 
projected  and  built  five  railroads.  He  was  President 
of  the  Indiana,  Illinois  &  Iowa  and  the  Albia  &  Cen- 
terville  Railroad  Companies.  For  years  he  was  a 
Director  in  the  Keokuk  &  Western  Railway. 

He  organized  the  Centerville  National  Bank  and 
was  its  President  up  to  the  time  of  his  death. 

On  the  loth  of  July,  1895,  General  Drake  re 
ceived  the  nomination  by  the  Republican  party,  and 
at  the  following  November  election  was  elected  Gov 
ernor  of  the  State  of  Iowa  by  an  overwhelming  ma 
jority. 

He  was  President  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of 
Drake  University,  Des  Moines,  Iowa — a  University 
which  bears  his  name  as  its  founder  and  most  liberal 
benefactor. 

The  exceptional  generosity  of  his  nature  is 
shown  by  the  fact  that  although  his  own  University 
was  the  u  apple  of  his  eye,"  not  a  college  nor  a  school 
in  the  great  State  of  Iowa  solicited  aid  from  him 
without  receiving  a  munificent  contribution.  He 
contributed  generously  to  churches  and  missionary 
societies  of  every  name  and  creed. 

His  name  stood  for  liberality  in  the  various 
branches  of  work  carried  on  in  the  Christian  church, 
with  which  he  stood  prominently  identified. 

In  the  spirit  of  public  enterprise  and  improve 
ment  in  his  Town,  County  and  State,  he  was  a  leader, 
and  one  of  the  most  liberal  contributors.  He  was 
kind-hearted,  and  a  true  friend  to  the  poor  and 
afflicted. 

Prior  to  his  death  he  erected  and  presented  to  his 


164 

home  town,  the  city  of  Centerville,  Iowa,  the  Drake 
Free  Public  Library  Building,  at  a  cost  of  $35,000. 

General  Drake  was  married  December  24,  1855, 
to  Mary  Jane  Lord,  deceased  June  22,  1883.  To  them 
was  born  seven  children,  six  of  whom  are  now  living. 

The  surviving  members  of  the  family  are  Frank 
Ellsworth,  John  Adams,  Milla  D.  Shouts,  Jennie  D. 
Sawyers,  Eva  D.  Goss,  and  Mary  Drake  Sturdivant. 

He  died  at  his  home  in  Centerville,  Iowa,  No 
vember  20,  1903,  leaving  a  widespread  sense  of  loss, 
which  was  evidenced  by  the  attendance  at  his  funeral 
of  people  from  all  the  various  walks  of  life — the  rich, 
the  poor,  the  old  and  the  young,  dignitaries  of  the 
City,  County,  State  and  Nation — all  there  to  say  a 
last  farewell  to  their  friend. 

His  enduring  monument  is  the  memory  he  has 
left  in  the  hearts  of  his  fellowmen,  and  an  honored 
name  that  will  stand  through  generations. 


LIEUTENANT    COMMANDER     FREDERICK    I.    NAILE. 
UNITED     STATES    NAVY. 


i67 


Lieutenant  Commander  FREDERICK    I.  NAILE. 

United  States  Navy. 

Was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  October  u,  1841, 
and  entered  the  Navy  October  27,  1859.  He  re 
mained  at  the  Naval  Academy  until  the  breaking  out 
of  the  Civil  War  in  1861,  when  he  was  assigned  to 
duty  on  the  first  class  frigate  St.  Lawrence.  This 
vessel  was  stationed  off  Charleston,  and  her  resem 
blance,  with  her  ports  closed,  to  a  merchant  vessel 
caused  the  Captain  of  the  Petrel,  a  small  privateering 
Confederate  craft  of  a  few  hundred  tons,  to  undertake 
a  supposedly  easy  capture.  A  shot  from  the  priva 
teer  flying  through  the  rigging  of  the  St.  Lawrence 
brought  a  response  from  the  latter  which  sent  the 
daring  little  Confederate  craft  to  the  bottom.  This 
insignificant  action  was  the  first  naval  conflict  of  the 
war,  and  was  the  baptismal  fire  of  many  obscure  offi 
cers  who  were  in  the  few  succeeding  years  to  become 
heroes  in  a  memorable  wrar.  After  serving  for  many 
months  on  the  St.  LawTence,  Midshipman  Naile  was 
transferred  to  the  steamsloop  of  war  Oneida,  which 
was  stationed  in  the  West  Gulf  Blockading  Squadron, 
off  New  Orleans,  Galveston,  etc.  The  Oneida  took  a 
conspicuous  part  in  the  capture  of  New  Orleans,  ren 
dering  efficient  service  in  the  attack  on  and  passage 
of  Forts  Jackson  and  St.  Philip,  and  Chalmette  bat 
teries.  Subsequently  the  Oneida  participated  in  the 
bombardment  of  the  defenses  around  Vicksburg,  in 
the  course  of  which  the  vessel  twice  passed  the  bat 
teries.  During  this  period  Midshipman  Naile  per- 


i68 

formed  the  duties  of  Lieutenant,  and  was  highly 
commended  by  his  superior  officers  for  his  gallant 
and  efficient  conduct.  On  February  24,  1863,  he  was 
promoted  to  the  grade  of  Ensign,  and  transferred  to 
the  frigate  Sabine,  which  vessel  was  assigned  to  the 
duty  of  searching  for  the  Confederate  cruiser  Ala 
bama.  He  was  also  for  a  time  attached  to  the  Mis 
sissippi  Squadron,  rendering  exceptionally  valuable 
service  as  a  Signal  Officer.  He  participated  in  the 
Red  River  expedition,  and  in  the  expedition  which 
operated  on  the  Tennessee  and  Cumberland  Rivers  in 
the  attack  on  and  defeat  of  the  Confederate  forces 
under  General  Hood.  Having  received  his  promotion 
to  the  grade  of  Lieutenant,  he  was  given  his  first 
command,  the  first  being  the  Black  Hawk,  and  later 
the  Tempest.  As  a  commanding  officer  he  displayed 
exceptional  executive  ability,  and  rendered  effective 
service.  After  the  close  of  the  war  he  was,  in  1866, 
given  command  of  the  steamer  Chattanooga,  having 
received  his  commission  as  Lieutenant  Commander 
on  July  25,  1866.  His  subsequent  commands  were 
the  steamer  Lenape,  of  the  Atlantic  Squadron,  1866- 
67,  and  the  steamer  Penobscot,  of  the  same  Squadron, 
in  1868-69.  He  was  on  duty  as  Assistant  Signal 
Officer  in  Washington  in  1869  and  1870.  Com 
mander  Naile's  services  during  the  War  of  the  Re 
bellion  and  since  were  characterized  by  unusual  zeal 
and  ability,  and  as  a  testimonial  to  his  bravery  he 
was  twice  wounded  in  action.  On  January  18,  1871, 
he  was  placed  on  the  retired  list  on  account  of  "  phy 
sical  disability  caused  by  exposure  on  duty." 


BRIGADIER     GENERAL    JOSEPH     P.     FARLEY. 
UNITED    STATES     ARMY. 


Brigadier  General  JOSEPH   P.   FARLEY. 

United  States  Army. 

Was  born  March  2,  1839.  His  military  career 
began  at  the  West  Point  Military  Academy,  July  i, 
1857,  to  which  institution  he  was  appointed  a  Cadet  at 
large  by  the  President.  He  was  graduated  June  24, 
1 86 1,  and  on  the  same  date  appointed  Second  Lieu 
tenant  in  the  Second  Artillery.  His  first  active  duty 
was  as  an  Aide  on  the  staff  of  the  commanding  Gen 
eral  in  the  defenses  of  Washington,  July  to  October, 
1 86 1,  and  with  Battery  A  of  his  regiment.  On  Oc 
tober  24,  1861,  he  was  transferred  to  the  Ordnance 
Corps,  and  was  on  duty  at  Watertown  Arsenal, 
Massachusetts,  from  November  i,  1861,  to  June  10, 
1863.  During  this  period  he  also  acted  as  Assistant 
Inspector  at  the  South  Boston  and  other  gun  fac 
tories.  He  was  commissioned  First  Lieutenant  of 
Ordnance,  March  3,  1863,  and  his  skill  in  this  branch 
of  the  service  led  to  his  selection  as  one  of  the  officers 
to  conduct  the  operations  against  Charleston,  S.  C. 
During  that  memorable  siege  he  frequently  rendered 
valuable  service  in  command  of  artillery  batteries, 
volunteering  out  of  the  line  of  his  duty,  and  being 
specially  commended  in  geneial  orders  for  his  zeal, 
ability,  example  and  gallant  conduct.  His  ser 
vices  in  this  regard  were  notably  conspicuous  in 
the  descent  upon  Morris  Island,  July  10,  1863,  and 
the  bombardment  of  Fort  Wayne,  July  18  following. 
Lieutenant  Farley  was  transferred  to  the  charge  of 


172 

the  Ordnance  Depot  at  Hilton  Head,  S.  C.,  July  23, 

1863,  and  remained  on  this  dnty  nntil  February  16, 

1864.  From  February  23  to  August  27,  1864,  he  was 
Assistant  Ordnance  Officer  at  the  Allegheny  Arsenal, 
Allegheny,   Pennsylvania,  and  from  September  4  of 
the  same  year  until   March  12,  1865,  he  was  in  com 
mand  of  the  Ordnance  Depot  at  City  Point,  Virginia. 
The  importance  of  this  position  will  be  realized  when 
it  is  understood  that   from   this  depot  was  furnished 
all    the    ordnance    supplies  to   the   armies   operating 
around  Richmond  and  Petersburg.     For   the  conspic 
uous  ability  with  which   he   discharged   his   onerous 
duties    at    this    post,    he    was    brevetted    a    Captain, 
March   13,  1865,  receiving  his  regular  promotion  to 
that  grade  April  6,  1866. 

Upon  the  termination  of  hostilities  he  received 
the  appointment  of  Principal  Assistant  Professor  of 
Drawing  at  the  Military  Academy,  remaining  there 
until  July  i,  1866,  when  he  was  assigned  to  duty  as 
Assistant  Ordnance  Officer  at  the  Washington  Ar 
senal.  From  the  conclusion  of  his  services  at  this 
arsenal,  October  20,  1868,  to  April  16,  1883,  he  was 
on  duty  for  various  periods  at  all  the  arsenals  of  the 
country. 

March  26,  1876,  Captain  Farley  was  advanced  to 
the  grade  of  Major,  and  at  the  same  time  he  was 
made  a  member  of  the  Statutory  Board  (appointed  by 
the  President)  to  select  a  magazine  gun  for  the  United 
States  service.  Following  this  duty  came  in  their 
order  the  following  duties :  President  of  the  Board 
for  the  examination  of  Officers  for  transfer  to  the 
Ordnance  Department ;  commanding  and  construct 
ing  the  United  States  Powder  Depot  at  Dover,  New 


Jersey ;  member  of  the  Board  to  examine  Ordnance 
Officers  for  promotion  ;  member  of  Statutory  Board 
for  the  testing  of  rifled  cannon ;  member  of  the 
Ordnance  Board  stationed  at  New  York  Arsenal ;  In 
spector  of  ordnance  material  and  of  pneumatic  dyna 
mite  guns,  and  construction  of  batteries  for  the  same 
at  Sandy  Hook,  New  Jersey,  Fort  Schuyler,  New 
York,  and  at  Fort  Warren,  Boston  Harbor,  Massa 
chusetts  ;  in  command  of  Frankford  Arsenal,  Penn 
sylvania  ;  member  of  Statutory  Board  on  magazine 
arms  ;  member  of  Board  on  details  for  construction 
of  magazine  rifles  and  carbines  ;  commanding  Alle 
gheny  Arsenal,  Pennsylvania ;  at  Rock  Island  Ar 
senal,  Illinois,  organizing  leather  work  on  equipments 
at  the  Allegheny  Arsenal ;  Inspector  of  ordnance  ma 
terial  at  the  foundries  and  factories  at  Pittsburg, 
Pennsylvania  ;  command  of  Watervliet  Arsenal,  New 
York.  On  July  7,  1898,  he  was  promoted  to  the 
grade  of  Colonel,  and  was  President  of  the  Board  for 
the  test  of  rifled  cannon  from  June  20,  1899,  to  Feb 
ruary  17,  1903,  and  also  President  of  the  Board  for 
the  examination  of  Ordnance  Officers  for  promotion 
from  January  24,  1901,  to  January  i,  1903.  He  was 
made  a  Brigadier  General  on  February  17,  1903,  and 
retired  on  his  own  application  February  18,  1903, 
after  forty-six  years'  service,  within  twelve  days  of 
statutory  age  limit. 

Brigadier  General  William  Crozier,  under  date 
of  February  18,  1898,  said :  "In  transmitting  the 
information  of  your  retirement  from  the  service  which 
has  so  long  benefited  by  your  activity  therein,  the 
Chief  of  Ordnance  desires  to  express  his  sense  of  the 
high  example  which  your  service  has  afforded  to  all 


the  officers  of  the  Department  who  have  had  the  op 
portunity  of  observing  it,  and  to  testify  his  satisfac 
tion  at  the  appreciation  which  has  been  shown  thereof 
in  the  new  dignity  which  has  been  worthily  conferred 
upon  you  upon  the  approach  of  the  statutory  date  of 
your  retirement." 

Few  officers  in  the  service  have  received  higher 
testimonials  than  the  following:  Major  General  T. 
Seymour,  in  speaking  of  General  Farley's  services 
during  the  war,  said  :  "  He  was  one  of  the  most  ac 
tive,  intelligent  and  useful  of  my  assistants  and  ad 
visers  ;  was  always  ready  for  any  labor,  however  toil 
some  and  disagreeable,  and  assuredly  the  duty  of  the 
Artillerist  and  Ordnance  Officer  on  Folly  and  Morris 
Island  during  that  eventful  summer  was  exceedingly 
trying.  He  was  patient  and  persevering  under  unus 
ual  difficulties ;  he  was,  in  fact,  one  of  the  compara 
tively  few  of  whom  when  charged  with  the  accom 
plishment  of  any  special  duty,  I  was  absolutely  sure 
it  would  be  conducted  skillfully  to  its  desired  end." 
Referring  to  a  commendatory  letter  from  General 
Grant,  General  Seymour  said  :  "  My  own  commenda 
tions  are  of  little  value  in  comparison,  but  they  are 
the  expressions  of  a  profound  appreciation  of  all  that 
can  confer  honor  and  distinction  upon  one  of  the  most 
worthy  young  officers  I  knew  during  the  war."  The 
following  are  the  words  addressed  to  Lieutenant  Far 
ley  by  General  Grant  from  the  headquarters  of  the 
Army  at  Washington,  November  22,  1865  :  "I  take 
pleasure  in  testifying  to  your  efficiency  as  an  Ord 
nance  Officer  while  serving  in  the  Armies  operating 
against  Richmond.  During  the  time  you  were  in 
charge  of  the  extensive  and  very  important  Ordnance 


:75 

Depot  at  City  Point,  Va.,  your  duties  were  performed 
to  my  perfect  satisfaction,  and,  as  far  as  my  official 
and  personal  knowledge  extend,  to  the  perfect  satis 
faction  of  the  Armies  you  supplied." 

General  Farley  is  descended  from  good  military 
stock,  his  grandfather,  Captain  John  Farley,  having 
served  in  the  Artillery  Corps  from  1812  to  1821,  and 
his  father,  Captain  John  Farley,  having  been  a  mem 
ber  of  the  First  Regiment  of  United  States  Artillery. 

General  Farley  has  been  a  prolific  writer  on  mil 
itary  subjects,  among  his  contributions  being:  "West 
Point  in  the  Barly  Sixties  ;"  articles  in  the  United 
Service  Institution  Journal,  entitled  "Small  Arms 
and  Ammunition,"  "  Facts  Relating  to  High  Explo 
sives  and  Smokeless  Powders,"  "Chemistry  of  Ex 
plosives"  (brief  of  Monroe's  lectures),  "Era  of  Iron 
clad  Warfare  and  Protracted  Defense  of  Fort  Sumter," 
and  "  Field  Artillery,"  a  historical  resume.  To  the 
United  Service  Journal  he  contributed  :  "  West  Point 
—Her  Sins,"  "Discipline — Readiness,"  "Sport  on 
the  Skirmish  Line."  He  is  also  the  author  of  vari 
ous  professional  papers  published  by  the  War  De 
partment,  including  a  full  history  of  the  construction 
of  the  sixteen-inch  breech  loading  rifle. 


i76 


Colonel  TATTNALL  PAULDING. 

A  century  and  more  ago  the  name  of  Paulding 
became  famous  in  American  history  through  the  cap 
ture  by  John  Paulding  and  two  companions  of  Major 
Andre,  of  the  British  Army,  on  his  way  from  West 
Point  to  New  York,  after  his  interview  with  the 
traitor,  Benedict  Arnold.  It  is  a  matter  of  history 
how  Major  Andre  failed  in  his  attempt  to  bribe  his 
stanchly  patriotic  captors,  and  how  he  was  tried, 
convicted  and  executed  as  a  spy.  His  son  rose  to  dis 
tinction  as  Rear-Admiral  Paulding,  of  the  United 
States  Navy.  Colonel  Tattnall  Paulding,  the  son  of 
the  latter,  is  a  native  of  the  State  of  New  York, 
where  he  was  born  in  the  year  1840. 

In  April,  1861,  at  the  outbreak  of  the  Civil  War, 
when  about  twenty-one  years  of  age,  Mr.  Paulding 
enlisted  in  the  ranks  of  the  Seventh  Regiment  of 
New  York,  and  went  with  it  into  active  service.  He 
remained  with  that  regiment  only  until  May  14  fol 
lowing,  when  he  received  the  appointment  of  Lieu 
tenant  in  the  Sixth  United  States  regular  cavalry, 
with  which  command  he  served  through  the  war,  par 
ticipating  in  the  various  memorable  battles  of  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac.  On  the  third  day  of  the  hotly- 
contested  battle  of  Gettysburg,  he  was  made  prisoner 
by  the  enemy,  and  passed  nine  months  of  bitter  ex 
perience  in  Libby  Prison,  at  Richmond.  Upon  his 
liberation  he  rejoined  his  regiment,  and  continued  in 
active  service  until  July,  1866,  when  he  resigned, 


COLONEL    TATTNALL    PAULblNG. 


179 

having  in  the  meantime  been  promoted  through  the 
various  grades  up  to  that  of  Lieutenant-Colonel,  by 
brevet,  for  gallant  services. 

After  leaving  the  Army,  Colonel  Paulding  lo 
cated  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia — his  father  being  at 
that  time  Governor  of  the  Naval  Home  in  that  city— 
and  entered  upon  the  study  of  the  law,  which  he  soon 
relinquished  in  order  to  undertake  more  active  busi 
ness.  In  1870  he  commenced  the  fire  insurance  bus 
iness  as  an  agent  and  broker,  becoming  a  member  of 
the  firm  of  Carstairs  &  Paulding,  then  well-known 
fire  underwriters  in  Philadelphia.  This  firm  subse 
quently  became  Carstairs,  Paulding  &  Beckwith.  In 
1871  he  became  the  Philadelphia  agent  and  represen 
tative  of  the  Commercial  Union,  of  England,  which 
then  first  extended  its  business  to  this  city,  and  sub 
sequently  of  the  London  &  Lancashire  Company,  of 
Liverpool,  and  other  offices  of  high  standing  at  home 
and  abroad.  In  all  these  companies  Mr.  Paulding  en 
joyed  the  fullest  confidence  of  the  home  officers,  and 
worked  efficiently  in  the  development  of  their  busi 
ness.  He  was  a  particularly  successful  underwriter 
in  the  various  fields  assigned  to  his  guidance  by  his 
companies,  his  success  arising  alike  from  his  practi 
cal  experience  and  from  his  close  study  of  the  princi 
ples  of  the  business,  which  made  him  thoroughly 
familiar  with  its  theory ;  in  a  word,  he  took  pride  in 
his  profession,  and  worked  therein  with  earnest  en 
ergy  and  intelligence. 

It  was  doubtless  this  devotion  to,  and  his  evident 
mastery  of,  the  science  of  his  chosen  profession,  as 
well  as  his  sterling  character  and  recognized  ability, 
that  attracted  to  Colonel  Paulding  the  attention  of 


i8o 

the  directors  of  the  old  Delaware  Mutual  Safety  In 
surance  Company,  when  in  1889-90  a  radical  change 
was  contemplated,  not  only  in  the  name,  but  in  the 
old-time  methods  of  business  of  that  institution,  and 
a  competent  person  was  sought  to  carry  the  proposed 
changes  to  a  definite  completion,  and  place  the  Dela 
ware  on  an  equality  with  its  confreres  of  the  city  in 
which  it  dwelt.  Colonel  Paulding  was  selected  as  the 
man  who  could  pilot  the  company  safely  through  its 
troubles,  and  the  presidency  was  tendered  to  and  ac 
cepted  by  him.  He  at  once  entered  upon  the  onerous 
duties  imposed  by  the  high  position  occupied  by  him, 
and  the  confidence  of  the  directors  has  been  fully 
warranted  by  their  president's  devotion  to  the  inter 
ests  confided  to  his  keeping. 


CAPTAIN     RICHARD    WAINWRIGHT. 
UNITED    STATES     NAVY. 


Captain  RICHARD  WAINWRIGHT. 

United  States  Navy. 

Well-known  as  the  executive  officer  of  the  ill- 
fated  Maine,  was  born  at  Washington,  D.  C.,  in  1849, 
the  son  of  Commander  Richard  Wainwright,  who 
died  on  the  Mississippi  in  1862  while  in  command  of 
Farragut's  flagship,  the  Hartford.  He  entered  the 
Naval  Academy  at  Annapolis  on  the  28th  of  Septem 
ber,  1864,  and  graduated  in  1868,  his  first  service  be 
ing  as  midshipman  on  the  Jamestown,  of  the  Pacific 
fleet,  in  1868-69.  ^n  tne  latter  year  he  was  promo 
ted  to  the  grade  of  ensign,  and  in  1870  was  on  duty 
in  the  Hydrographic  Office  at  Washington.  Pro 
moted  to  master  in  1870,  he  was  ordered  to  the  Colo 
rado,  the  flagship  of  the  Asiatic  fleet,  remaining  on 
duty  at  this  station  till  1872.  His  next  promotion 
came  in  1873,  when  he  was  commissioned  lieutenant, 
and  returned  to  the  Hydrographic  Office,  where  he 
was  busily  occupied  till  1874.  In  1875  he  was  placed 
in  command  of  the  Arago,  engaged  in  the  coast  sur 
vey,  and  after  three  years  of  this  important  service 
was  sent  again  to  the  Pacific  as  flag-lieutenant  to 
Rear- Admiral  T.  H.  Patterson,  then  in  command  of 
the  Asiatic  station. 

Lieutenant  Wainwright  was  recalled  home  in 
1 88 1,  and  was  occupied  on  special  duty  in  the  Bureau 
of  Navigation  till  1884,  when  he  was  ordered  to  the 
Tennessee,  of  the  North  Atlantic  Squadron,  and  in 
1885  became  secretary  to  Rear- Admiral  J.  E.  Jouett, 


,84 

commanding  this  Sqnadron.  His  subsequent  duties 
were  with  the  Galena,  of  the  North  Atlantic  Squad 
ron,  1886-87  5  on  the  Steel  Inspection  Service,  1887- 
88;  at  the  Naval  Academy,  1888-90;  in  special  ser 
vice  in  the  Alert,  1890-93,  and  in  the  Hydrographic 
Office  from  October,  1893,  to  1896.  During  this 
period,  in  September,  1894,  he  was  commissioned 
lieutenant-commander;  from  1896  to  1897,  ne  was 
the  chief  intelligence  officer;  and  in  December,  1897, 
became  executive  officer  of  the  battleship  Maine,  then 
under  the  command  of  Captain  Sigsbee. 

Wainwright's  service  in  the  Maine  was  an  excit 
ing  one.  The  United  States  and  Spain  were  at  that 
time  in  controversy  concerning  the  horrors  of  Spanish 
rule  in  Cuba,  and  as  the  safety  of  American  residents 
in  Havana  seemed  imperilled  by  the  riotous  spirit  of 
the  inhabitants,  the  Maine  was  ordered  from  Key 
West  to  Havana  harbor  in  the  last  week  of  January, 
1898.  The  visit  was  ostensibly  a  friendly  one,  but 
the  Spaniards  of  Havana  looked  on  their  ironclad 
visitor  with  doubt  and  hostility,  and  on  the  evening 
of  February  15,  while  the  men  were  in  their  quarters 
and  the  captain  and  executive  officers  in  their  cabins, 
the  ship  was  blown  up  by  a  frightful  explosion,  that 
rent  the  vessel  asunder  and  killed  most  of  the  crew. 
Captain  Sigsbee  and  Lieutenant-Commander  Wain- 
wright,  with  nearly  all  the  other  officers,  escaped. 

The  succeeding  events  are  so  well-known  as 
scarcely  to  need  telling.  Indignation  in  the  United 
States  was  intense  and  the  feeling  strongly  warlike. 
A  Court  of  Inquiry  was  convened  in  which  Wain- 
wright  was  concerned,  and  a  decision  rendered  that 
the  Maine  had  been  destroyed  by  an  explosion  from 


the  outside,  presumably  by  a  submarine  mine.  War 
was  now  inevitable,  and  Lieutenant-Commander 
Wainwright  took  part  in  it  as  commander  of  the 
Gloucester,  to  which  he  was  appointed  in  May.  The 
Gloucester  was  a  steam  yacht  which  had  been  con 
verted  for  the  war  into  a  gunboat,  and  formed  a  minor 
part  of  Admiral  Sampson's  fleet  during  the  blockade 
of  Santiago,  in  which  its  gallant  commander  was  nat 
urally  eager  for  an  opportunity  to  avenge  the  Maine. 
The  opportunity  came  on  that  notable  3d  of  July, 
1898,  when  Admiral  Cervera's  Squadron  of  four  fine 
cruisers  and  two  torpedo  boats  came  dashing  from 
Santiago  harbor  and  made  a  wild  break  for  freedom. 
The  little  Gloucester  apparently  was  unfit  to  take 
part  in  the  conflict  that  followed,  but  the  gallant 
Wainwright  was  not  of  this  opinion.  After  the 
cruisers  came  the  two  torpedo-boat-destroyers,  and  at 
these  the  Gloucester  was  boldly  driven,  reckless  of 
the  death-dealing  weapons  they  bore.  So  driving  was 
the  attack,  so  crushing  the  fire  which  Wainwright 
poured  upon  them,  that  both  boats  quickly  went  to  the 
bottom  carrying  with  them  more  than  a  hundred  of 
their  men.  This  bold  work  completed,  Wainwright 
turned  the  prow  of  the  Gloucester  down  the  coast,  and 
was  the  first  to  reach  the  Infanta  Maria  Teresa,  Ad 
miral  Cervera's  flagship,  shortly  after  the  hot  fire  of 
its  pursuers  had  driven  it  ashore.  In  this  way  it  hap 
pened  that  the  commander  of  the  little  Gloucester 
had  the  honor  to  accept  the  surrender  of  the  Spanish 
Admiral.  As  the  crest-fallen  Spaniard  stepped  on 
board  the  Gloucester,  Wainwright  cordially  saluted 
him  and  grasped  his  hand,  saying:  "I  congratulate 
you,  Admiral  Cervera,  upon  as  gallant  a  fight  as  was 


1 86 


ever  made  upon  the  sea."  He  then  placed  his  cabin 
at  the  service  of  Cervera  and  his  officers,  supplied 
him  with  much-needed  clothing,  and  bade  his  surgeon 
dress  the  wounds  of  those  who  were  hurt.  In  this 
humane  way  was  the  Maine  revenged. 

After  this  stirring  event,  which  practically  ended 
the  naval  history  of  the  war,  Wainwright  continued 
in  command  of  the  Gloucester  till  November  i,  when 
he  was  assigned  to  duty  at  the  Naval  Academy,  of 
which  he  was  appointed  superintendent,  March  15, 
1900,  remaining  in  this  post  till  1902.  He  \vas  pro 
moted  to  the  rank  of  commander,  March  3,  1899,  and 
of  captain,  August  10,  1903.  Since  1902  he  has 
been  in  command  of  the  cruiser  Newark. 


BREVET    MAJOR    JOSEPH     ASHBROOK. 
UNITED     STATES    VOLUNTEERS. 


189 


Brevet  Major  JOSEPH  ASHBROOK. 

United  States    Volunteers. 

Was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  1840,  and  on  Aug 
ust  4,  1862,  enlisted  as  a  Sergeant  in  the  One  Hun 
dred  and  Eighteenth  Pennsylvania  Infantry.  This 
regiment  was  soon  hurried  to  the  front  for  the  de 
fence  of  Washington,  was  attached  to  the  Fifth  Corps 
of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  in  less  than  a 
month  had  suffered  heavily  in  an  action  at  Shepherds- 
town,  Virginia,  September  20,  1862,  where  Sergeant 
Ashbrook  was  desperately  wounded.  Rejoining  his 
regiment  before  he  had  fully  recovered  from  his 
wounds,  he  served  in  the  Chancellorsville  Campaign, 
but  was  invalided  in  consequence,  and  ordered  to  the 
Baltimore  Hospital.  Commissioned  Second  Lieuten 
ant,  to  date  from  March  26,  1863,  he  again  rejoined 
his  regiment,  and  served  in  the  Mine  Run  Campaign. 
On  June  6,  1864,  he  was  promoted  to  the  grade  of 
First  Lieutenant,  and  on  November  8,  1864,  to  that 
of  Captain,  participating  in  all  of  the  engagements 
incident  to  Grant's  approach  on  Richmond  and  the 
siege  of  Petersburg.  He  served  on  the  staff  of  Gen 
eral  Bartlett,  commanding  the  Third  Brigade,  and 
subsequently  as  Ordnance  Officer  on  the  staff  of  Gen 
eral  Griffin,  commanding  the  First  Division,  Fifth 
Army  Corps,  and  in  this  capacity  was  detailed  to  re 
ceive  the  arms  and  ammunition  surrendered  by  the 
Army  of  Northern  Virginia  at  Appomattox  Court 
House  in  April,  1865.  He  was  bre vetted  Major 


190 

United  States  Volunteers,  July  6,  1864,  "  f°r  gallant 
and  distinguished  services  at  the  battles  of  the  Wil 
derness  and  Bethesda  Church,  and  during  the  present 
campaign  before  Richmond,  Virginia." 

Entering  the  Army  a  mere  boy,  Major  Ashbrook 
not  only  won  distinction  by  his  bravery  and  effi 
ciency,  but  gained  to  a  very  unusual  extent  the  es 
teem  and  confidence  of  the  officers  and  men  of  his 
regiment  as  a  man  of  high  principle  and  unswerving 
devotion  to  duty.  Singularly  modest  and  retiring  in 
his  disposition,  he  nevertheless  made  his  influence 
felt  upon  the  morale  of  his  regiment  by  his  example 
of  devotion  to  his  ideal  of  the  soldier.  He  was 
equally  efficient  when  leading  his  men  under  fire  and 
when  called  on  during  a  critical  part  of  a  campaign 
to  act  as  Ordnance  Officer  of  the  Fifth  Corps. 

He  is  Manager  of  the  Insurance  Department  of 
the  Provident  Life  &  Trust  Company,  one  of  the 
foremost  financial  institutions  of  Philadelphia,  hav 
ing  connected  himself  with  the  company  shortly  after 
the  close  of  the  war.  Regarded  as  one  of  the  ablest 
of  American  life  underwriters,  he  has  throughout 
the  country  the  reputation  of  standing  for  all  that  is 
honest  and  best  in  his  profession. 


BREVET    BRIGADIER-GENERAL    JOHN     P.    S.    GOBIN. 
UNITED     STATES     VOLUNTEERS. 


193 


Brevet  Brigadier-General  JOHN  P.  S.  GOBIN. 

United  States    Volunteers. 

Named  for  his  grandfather,  Rev.  John  Peter 
Shindel,  was  born  January  26,  1837,  at  Sunbury, 
Pennsylvania.  On  the  paternal  side  he  descended 
from  good  old  Revolutionary  stock,  his  great-grand 
father,  Charles  Gobin,  being  Captain  in  one  of  the 
Berks  County  Associated  Battalions  during  the 
struggle  for  Independence,  serving  in  the  Jersey 
Campaign,  and  in  the  summer  of  1780  on  active  duty 
on  the  frontiers  of  Pennsylvania.  His  grandfather, 
Bdward  Gobin,  was  a  soldier  in  the  War  of  1812—14. 
General  John  P.  S.  Gobin  received  an  academic  edu 
cation,  learned  the  art  of  printing,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  Northumberland  County  bar  in  1858.  When 
the  Civil  War  threatened,  before  the  firing  upon 
Sumter,  he  tendered  his  services  to  Governor  Curtin, 
was  accepted,  and  on  returning  to  Sunbur}^  com 
menced  the  organization  of  what  eventually  was  Com 
pany  F,  Eleventh  Pennsylvania,  being  commissioned 
First  Lieutenant.  His  company  participated  in  the 
first  fight  at  Falling  Waters,  and  volunteered  to  re 
main  in  the  service  at  the  request  of  General  Patter 
son.  After  the  expiration  of  the  three  months'  cam 
paign  he  reorganized  the  company,  and  September  2, 
1 86 1,  was  mustered  in  as  Captain  of  Company  C, 
Forty-seventh  Regiment.  This  command  first  served 
in  Smith's  Division  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  but 
in  January,  1862,  was  ordered  to  Florida,  and  the  regi- 


i94 

merit  garrisoned  Fort  Taylor  on  the  Island  of  Key 
West,  and  Fort  Jefferson  at  the  Dry  Tortugas.  Sub 
sequently  it  went  on  an  expedition  up  St.  John's 
River,  seizing  Jacksonville  and  the  fort  at  St.  John's 
Bluff.  It  may  be  here  mentioned  that  the  Forty- 
seventh  captured  the  Governor  Milton,  a  war  steamer, 
near  Palatka — the  only  steamer  taken  by  Infantry 
during  the  Rebellion.  In  the  summer  of  1862  the 
regiment  was  sent  to  Hilton  Head,  S.  C.,  to  assist  in 
the  attack  on  the  approaches  to  Charleston,  and  par 
ticipated  in  the  battle  of  Pocotaligo.  In  the  report  of 
Brigadier-General  Brannan,  commanding  the  Depart 
ment  of  the  South,  referring  to  Captain  Gobin  and 
others  by  name,  in  connection  with  that  action,  occurs 
the  following:  "  I  have  great  pleasure,  on  the  recom 
mendation  of  their  respective  commanders,  in  bring 
ing  to  the  favorable  consideration  of  the  Department 
the  following  officers  and  men  who  rendered  them 
selves  specially  worthy  of  notice  by  their  bravery  and 
praiseworthy  conduct  during  the  entire  expedition, 
and  the  engagements  attending  it."  It  returned  to 
Key  West,  and  again  to  Hilton  Head  to  assist  in  the 
operations  in  that  locality.  Returned  to  Key  West 
in  the  summer  of  1863.  In  the  autumn  of  the  fore 
going  year  the  Forty-seventh  was  the  first  regiment 
which  re-enlisted  under  the  so-called  Veteran  order. 
Subsequently  the  command  participated  in  Red  River 
Expedition.  At  the  battle  of  Pleasant  Hill,  Captain 
Gobin  was  especially  commended  for  bravery  by  Gen 
eral  J.  W.  McMillan,  who  recommended  him  to  Gov 
ernor  Curtin  for  promotion.  For  services  rendered 
in  that  campaign  he  was  detailed  by  General  Banks 
to  conduct  all  the  prisoners  captured  on  the  Expedi- 


lion  to  New  Orleans.  In  July,  1864,  the  regiment 
came  North,  and  joined  General  Sheridan  in  the 
Sheiiandoah  Valley.  Promoted  to  the  majority,  Ma 
jor  Gobin  participated  in  that  famous  campaign  and 
the  battle  of  Cedar  Creek.  Major-General  McMillan, 
commanding  the  First  Division  of  that  Corps,  wrote 
Governor  Curtin,  commending  Colonel  Gobin 's  con 
duct.  In  1865  Hancock's  Veteran  Corps  was  organ 
ized,  and  the  Forty-seventh  was  assigned  to  it,  Major 
Gobin  having  been  promoted  November  4,  1864, 
Lieutenant-Colonel,  and  January  3,  1865,  Colonel  of 
the  regiment.  When  the  spring  campaign  opened, 
Colonel  Gobin,  having  been  brevetted  Brigadier-Gen 
eral,  March  13,  1865,  was  placed  in  command  of  the 
Second  Brigade,  First  Division,  of  the  Nineteenth 
Army  Corps,  co-operating  with  Grant,  heading  for 
Lynchburg,  where  he  received  news  of  Lee's  surren 
der,  and  the  force  returned.  On  the  day  of  the 
assassination  of  President  Lincoln  they  were  ordered 
to  Washington,  and  a  picket,  or  rather  skirmish-line, 
was  thrown  around  the  entire  city.  The  Forty-sev 
enth  participated  in  the  grand  review,  and  after  it 
was  over  the  regiment  was  again  sent  South.  Or 
dered  at  first  to  Savannah,  subsequently  to  Charleston, 
General  Gobin  was  placed  in  command  of  that  city, 
and  at  the  same  time  made  Provost  Judge.  All  the 
courts  having  been  suspended,  he  was  the  only  judi 
cial  officer  in  that  city  during  the  reconstruction 
period,  and  the  regiment  was  finally  discharged  Jan 
uary  9,  1866.  Returning  home,  General  Gobin  re 
sumed  the  practice  of  the  law  at  Lebanon.  He  is 
now  Brigadier-General  of  the  N.  G.  of  Pennsylvania, 
a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  the  Loyal  Legion,  Grand 


196 

Master  of  the  Grand  Encampment  of  Knights  Tem 
plar  of  the  United  States,  and  a  prominent  member 
of  the  State  Senate. 

In  the  war  with  Spain  he  served  as  Brigadier- 
General  of  the  United  States  Volunteers ;  was  elected 
in  1898  Lien  tenant-Governor  of  Pennsylvania.  Dur 
ing  the  coal  strike  in  1932  he  commanded  the  Penn 
sylvania  National  Guard.  He  was  Commander-in- 
Chief  G.  A.  R.  from  1897  to  1898. 


LIEUTENANT-COLONEL    LEVI     BIRD     DUFF. 
UNITED    STATES    VOLUNTEERS. 


199 


Lieutenant-Colonel  LEVI  BIRD  DUFF. 

United  States    Volunteers. 

Was  born  near  Saulsburg,  Huntingdon  County, 
Pennsylvania,  i3th  September,  1837,  °f  Pennsylvania 
parents.  His  father,  Samuel  Duff,  was  born  at 
Perkiomeii  Bridge,  Montgomery  County,  and  his 
mother,  Catherine  Eckeberger,  in  Huntingdon. 

He  was  educated  at  Eldersridge  Academy  and 
Allegheny  College,  graduating  from  the  latter  in 
June,  1857.  He  studied  law  in  Pittsburg  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  April,  1860.  May  i,  1861,  he 
enlisted  in  Company  A,  Ninth  Regiment,  Pennsyl 
vania  Reserve  Corps,  and  was  mustered  into  the 
United  States  service  at  Washington,  July  26,  1861, 
as  Corporal.  The  regiment  was  engaged  at  Dranes- 
ville,  December  20,  1861,  and  the  Commanding  Gen 
eral  Ord  recommended  a  number  of  officers  and 
privates  "  for  reward  for  gallant  conduct "  in  the 
engagement,  among  whom  was  Corporal  Duff. 

February  6,  1862,  Mr.  Duff  was  appointed  Cap 
tain  of  Company  D,  One  Hundred  and  Fifth  Regi 
ment  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  then  in  Heintzelman's 
Division  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  subsequently 
the  First  Division  of  the  Third  Army  Corps.  Cap 
tain  Duff  had  command  of  his  company  during  the 
siege  of  Yorktown  and  at  the  battles  of  Williams- 
burg  and  Fair  Oaks  (or  Seven  Pines),  where  he  was 
severely  wounded  in  the  right  chest  by  a  musket  ball 
which  passed  through  his  right  lung. 

On  recovering  from  his  wound  he  rejoined  his 


200 

regiment  at  Harrison's  Landing,  Angiist  16,  1862. 
The  Division  was  ordered  to  join  General  Pope,  and 
when  General  Jackson  captured  Manassas  Junction, 
Captain  Duff  with  his  company  was  guarding  the 
railroad  at  Catlett's  Station.  He  joined  General 
Hooker  in  the  pursuit  of  Jackson,  and  was  engaged 
at  Kettle  Run,  August  25,  1862.  He  rejoined  his 
own  regiment  and  wras  engaged  at  Bull  Run,  Aug 
ust  29  and  30,  and  at  Chantilly,  September  i,  where 
General  Kearney,  commanding  Division,  was  killed. 
During  the  Antietam  Campaign  the  Division  lay  in 
front  of  Washington,  but  joined  the  Army  on  the 
march  to  the  Rappahannock.  Captain  Duff  com 
manded  his  company  during  this  march  and  at  the 
battle  of  Fredericksburg,  i3th  December,  1862. 

In  March,  1863,  he  was  appointed  Acting  Assis 
tant  Inspector-General  of  the  First  Brigade,  First 
Division,  Third  Corps.  He  served  on  the  staff  at 
Chancellorsville,  and  General  Birney,  commanding 
Division,  said  he  was  "  proud  of  the  conduct  displayed 
by  Captain  Duff  on  that  field  of  battle." 

May  4,  1863,  he  was  promoted  to  Major  of  his 
regiment,  and  May  u  he  was  appointed  Acting  As 
sistant  Inspector-General  of  the  Third  Division, 
Third  Corps  ;  and  June  26  appointed  Acting  Assis 
tant  Inspector-General  of  the  First  Division,  Third 
Corps.  He  served  on  the  staff  at  Gettysburg  and  in 
the  Campaign  to  the  Rappahannock,  including  the 
affair  at  Manassas  Gap,  July  24,  1863. 

In  November,  1863,  he  was  placed  in  command 
of  the  One  Hundred  and  Tenth  Regiment  Pennsyl 
vania  Volunteers,  which  he  commanded  in  the  Mine 
Run  Campaign,  and  until  December  21. 


201 


April  9,  1864,  he  was  appointed  Acting  Assistant 
Inspector-General  of  the  First  Division,  Third  Corps, 
then  the  Third  Division  of  the  Second  Corps.  He 
served  on  the  staff  at  the  Wilderness,  and  was  then, 
at  his  own  request,  returned  to  his  regiment.  He 
commanded  his  own  regiment  and  the  Sixty-third 
Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  which  was  added  to  his  own 
for  field  service,  from  May  8  until  June  18,  and  was 
engaged  at  Po  River,  Spottsylvania  Cotirt  House, 
North  Anna,  Totopotomy,  Cold  Harbor,  and  the  first 
assaults  on  Petersburg.  June  18,  in  an  assault  on 
Petersburg,  commonly  called  by  the  soldiers  the 
"  Hare-House  slaughter,"  he  was  wounded,  with  loss 
of  his  right  leg. 

May  1 8,  1 864,  he  was  appointed  Lieutenant-Col 
onel  of  his  regiment.  October  25,  being  disabled  for 
field  duty,  he  was,  at  his  own  request,  discharged 
from  the  service.  He  returned  to  Pittsburg  and  re 
sumed  the  practice  of  his  profession.  In  1865  he  was 
elected  District  Attorn ey  of  Allegheny  County,  and 
held  the  office  three  years. 

In  a  letter  dated  August  31,  1^64,  General  Bir- 
ney,  Commander  of  the  Tenth  Corps,  says,  "  It  gives 
me  pleasure  to  state  that  I  have  always  regarded 
Major  Duff  as  one  of  the  best  soldiers  and  most  effi 
cient  officers  in  my  former  command,  the  Third  Di 
vision,  Second  Army  Corps." 

Colonel  Duff  was  married  July  21,  1862,  to  Har 
riet  H.  Nixon,  who  died  July  13,  1877.  He  was  again 
married  January  16,  1882,  to  Agnes  F.  Kaufman. 
Two  sons,  children  of  the  first  wife — Samuel  Ecke- 
berger  and  Hezekiah  Nixon — are  living.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Pennsylvania  Commandery  of  the 
Military  Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion. 


202 


Major  General  LEONARD  WOOD. 

United  States  Army. 

Was  born  at  Winchester,  New  Hampshire,  Oc 
tober  9,  1860.  His  father  was  Dr.  Charles  Jewett 
Wood,  a  man  of  brilliant  attainments,  sturdy  individ 
uality  and  great  physical  energy.  In  1880  Leonard 
Wood  entered  the  Harvard  Medical  School,  where  he 
completed  his  course  in  medicine.  In  1885,  in  a  class 
of  fifty-nine,  he  passed  second  in  a  competitive  exam 
ination  for  admission  as  a  surgeon  in  the  Army.  As 
there  were  no  vacancies  at  that  time,  he  accepted  a 
contract  position,  which  he  held  until  he  was  commis 
sioned,  January  5,  1886. 

President  Roosevelt,  who  knows  General  Wood 
as  well,  perhaps,  as  any  one,  said  recently  of  him  : 
"  No  soldier  could  outwalk  him,  could  live  with 
greater  indifference  on  hard  or  scanty  fare,  could  en 
dure  hardships  better  or  do  better  without  sleep." 
The  remarkable  fortitude  and  indomitable  courage  of 
the  man  have  been  shown  many  times,  but  perhaps 
never  more  plainly  than  during  that  famous  Indian 
Campaign  of  1885,  which  ended  in  the  capture  of 
Geronimo,  the  famous  Apache  chief.  Of  thirty 
picked  frontiersmen  who  started  out  in  July,  1885, 
only  fourteen  lasted  to  the  end,  and  only  two  of  these 
were  officers — one  of  the  latter  being  Wood.  For  his 
gallantry  during  this  Campaign  he  was  recommended 
to  Congress  for  a  medal  of  honor,  which  he  later  re 
ceived.  In  1887  Wood  went  to  Los  Angeles  as  one 
of  the  staff  surgeons — a  reward  for  his  gallant  ser- 


MAJOR     GENERAL    LEONARD    WOOD. 
UNITED    STATES     ARMY. 


205 

vices  in  Mexico.  In  1888  he  served  with  the  Tenth 
Cavalry  during  the  Kid  outbreak  in  New  Mexico, 
and  later  was  engaged  in  the  work  of  heliographic 
survey  of  Arizona.  He  married  in  1890  Louise  A. 
Condit  Smith,  a  niece  of  U.  S.  Justice  Field.  Gen 
eral  Wood  was  ordered  to  duty  in  Washington  in 
1895,  and  became  a  frequent  visitor  to  President 
Cleveland  and  family.  When  the  administration 
changed  and  President  McKinley  came  into  power, 
Dr.  Bates  of  the  Navy  was,  until  his  death,  attending 
physician  at  the  White  House.  In  the  fall  of  1897 
Wood  received  a  summons  from  the  President,  and 
from  that  time  forward  he  was  the  regular  medical 
adviser  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  McKinley,  as  he  was  already 
attendant  on  General  Alger,  the  Secretary  of  War. 

In  the  spring  of  1898  came  the  talk  of  war  with 
Spain.  Both  Wood  and  Roosevelt  were  fired  at  once 
with  the  prospect.  Wood's  keenest  ambition  had  al 
ways  been  to  get  into  the  line  of  the  Army  and  see 
active  service.  He  was  a  tried  and  experienced 
soldier,  a  man  of  acknowledged  judgment  and  per 
sonal  force.  The  President  believed  in  him  and  in 
Roosevelt ;  they  were,  indeed,  his  personal  friends, 
he  called  them  the  "  war  party,"  and  when  Wood 
came  in  of  a  morning  he  would  ask,  "  Have  you  and 
Theodore  declared  war  yet?"  It  was  inevitable  that 
they  should  go  into  the  fight.  They  first  planned  to 
raise  regiments  in  their  respective  States,  Roosevelt 
in  New  York  and  Wood  in  Massachusetts.  This, 
however,  was  likely  to  be  attended  by  much  red  tape 
and  not  a  little  delay — things  that  neither  of  the  men 
could  brook.  It  was  perfectly  natural,  therefore,  that 
they  should  seize  upon  the  idea  of  a  regiment  such  as 


206 


the  Rough  Riders — an  idea  suggested  by  Senator 
Warren.  Wood  had  himself  been  a  rough  rider  ;  he 
knew  intimately  every  phase  of  the  service,  and  he 
felt  that  it  was  the  dash  and  boldness  of  attack  of  an 
Indian  Campaign  that  would  avail  most  in  the  jun 
gles  of  Cuba.  Roosevelt  was  offered  the  colonelcy, 
with  authority  to  recruit  such  a  regiment,  but  de 
clined  it,  and  said  that  he  would  accept  the  lieuten 
ant-colonelcy  if  Wood  was  appointed  colonel.  The 
Secretary  of  War  approved,  and  Wood  was  commis 
sioned  to  raise  the  regiment.  General  Alger,  indeed, 
gave  Wood  a  desk  in  the  corner  of  his  office.  "  Now, 
don't  let  me  hear  from  you  again,"  he  said,  "  until 
your  regiment  is  raised." 

It  is  unnecessary  here  to  repeat  the  familiar 
story  of  the  Rough  Riders.  Within  twenty-one  days 
from  the  time  permission  was  given  to  begin  the  re 
cruiting,  the  famous  regiment  was  ready  to  march. 
And  not  the  least  of  the  task  which  confronted  Wood 
and  Roosevelt  was  the  selection  of  1,200  rough  riders 
from  23,000  applicants,  from  every  part  of  the  Union. 
Never  before  had  there  been  such  a  record  in  military 
organization. 

In  the  battle  of  Las  Guasimas  Wood  was  the 
same  steady,  low-voiced  man  that  he  was  in  the  draw 
ing-rooms  of  Washington,  absolutely  fearless  in  a 
hail  of  bullets,  now  calling  up  a  nervous  captain  and 
asking  him  to  repeat  his  orders,  now  walking  along 
the  line,  up  and  down,  where  every  soldier  was  hug 
ging  the  ground,  and  now  calmly  cautioning  his 
men:  "Don't  swear,  men ;  shoot." 

Two  months  from  the  day  on  which  Wood  re 
ceived  his  commission  as  Colonel  of  the  Rough 


207 

Riders,  he  was  appointed  a  Brigadier-General  of  Vol 
unteers  (July  8,  1898),  and  eleven  days  later  he  was 
Governor  of  the  city  of  Santiago.  His  appointment 
as  Governor  came  naturally  to  him  ;  he  was  the  man 
of  all  others  who  had  made  an  extraordinary  record 
in  the  field,  and  he  was  one  of  the  few  men  who  were 
as  vigorous,  physically,  at  the  end  of  that  terrible 
tropical  campaign  as  at  the  beginning.  He  went  at 
the  task  of  rehabilitating  the  stricken  city  with  cool 
judgment,  unconquerable  energy,  and  a  real  joy  of 
the  task. 

General  Wood  comes  early  to  his  fame.  He  is 
now  only  forty-one  years  old.  At  the  beginning  of 
May,  1898,  he  was  an  Army  Surgeon  \vith  the  rank 
of  Captain.  Two  months  later  he  was  commanding 
a  brigade  at  San  Juan,  and  his  name  was  known  in 
every  hamlet  in  the  United  States.  Before  the  year 
was  out  he  had  risen  to  the  rank  of  Major  General, 
and  he  held  what  was  then  one  of  the  most  important 
foreign  commands  in  the  gift  of  the  Government. 
Because  of  this  quick  promotion  he  has  been  called  a 
man  of  opportunity  ;  but  he  is  rather  the  man  always 
ready  for  the  opportunity.  Within  eight  months 
after  he  received  his  Army  commission,  back  in  the 
middle  'So's,  he  had  earned  a  Congressional  medal  for 
gallant  and  hazardous  service,  and  he  was  then  only 
a  Contract  Surgeon,  green  from  the  schools.  And  it 
was  not  mere  chance  that  made  him  Colonel  of  the 
Rough  Riders  and  led  his  regiment  first  of  all  the 
troops  into  the  jungle  at  Las  Guasimas. 

Personally,  General  Wood  gives  the  impression 
of  being  a  large  man,  although  he  lacks  at  least  an 
inch  of  being  six  feet  tall.  He  is  what  an  athlete 


208 


would  call  "  well  put  up  "•  —powerful  of  shoulders  and 
arms,  with  a  large  head  and  short  neck.  He  stoops 
slightly,  and  steps  with  a  long,  swift  stride,  rolling 
somewhat,  seamanlike,  in  his  walk.  His  face  is  one 
of  great  strength — large  featured,  calm,  studious,  and 
now  lean  and  bronzed  from  serving  in  the  tropics. 
He  rarely  smiles,  and  ordinarily  has  very  little  to 
say,  and  that  in  a  low,  even  voice ;  and  yet,  when  in 
the  mood,  he  tells  a  story  with  great  spirit  and  with 
a  certain  fine  directness.  He  enjoys  keenly  a  quiet 
social  gathering ;  but  a  function  in  which  he  must 
appear  as  the  guest  of  honor  is  an  undisguised  terror 
to  him.  He  dresses  always,  whether  in  khaki  or  in 
Army  blue,  with  trim  neatness,  and  he  makes  a  strik 
ingly  powerful  figure  in  the  saddle. 

At  forty-one  General  Wood  is  in  the  prime  of  a 
vigorous  manhood  and  at  the  beginning  of  a  notable 
career. 


BRIGADIER-GENERAL    HARRISON    GRAY    OTIS. 
UNITED    STATES    VOLUNTEERS. 


211 


Brigadier-General  HARRISON  GRAY  OTIS. 

United  States    Volunteers. 

Is  the  son  of  Stephen  and  Sarah  Otis,  who  were 
pioneer  citizens  of  Ohio,  and  was  born  near  Marietta, 
February  10,  1837.  In  the  year  1800  his  father,  at 
the  age  of  sixteen,  emigrated  to  the  far  West  from 
Vermont,  and  settled  in  the  "  Ohio  Company's  Pur 
chase  "  at  Marietta,  then  just  emerging  from  the  con 
dition  of  a  frontier  "  blockhouse  "  post.  His  mother 
was  a  native  of  Nova  Scotia,  and  emigrated  with  her 
parents  from  Boston  early  in  the  century,  settling  in 
the  Muskingum  Valley.  His  paternal  grandfather 
was  a  patriot  soldier  in  the  Revolutionary  War,  and  a 
pensioner. 

The  Otis  stock  has  produced  James  Otis,  famous 
as  a  Revolutionary  patriot  and  orator,  and  Harrison 
Gray  Otis,  once  a  Senator  of  the  United  States  from 
M  assach  uset  ts . 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  received  only  a  "  log- 
school-house  "  education  np  to  the  age  of  fourteen, 
when  he  became  a  printer's  apprentice.  He  worked 
at  this  trade  in  various  places,  and  at  the  commence 
ment  of  the  War  of  the  Rebellion  was  a  compositor 
in  the  office  of  the  Louisville  Journal,  under  the  noted 
Editor,  George  D.  Prentice.  While  here  he  was 
elected  a  delegate  from  Kentucky  to  the  Republican 
National  Convention  of  1860,  which  nominated  Abra 
ham  Lincoln  for  the  Presidency. 

Soon  after  the  outbreak  of  hostilities,  young 
Otis  returned  to  Ohio,  enrolled  himself  for  the  war 
as  a  Private  in  the  Twelfth  Regiment  of  Ohio  Vol- 


212 


unteers  (Colonel  John  W.  Lowe),  at  Camp  Dennison, 
June  25,  1861.  He  was  mustered  June  29,  1861,  and 
took  the  field  with  his  regiment  July  6,  1861,  under 
Brigadier-General  J.  D.  Cox,  on  the  Western  Virginia 
Campaign.  He  was  promoted  to  First  Sergeant, 
March  i,  1862  ;  to  Second  Lieutenant,  November  12, 
1862  ;  to  First  Lieutenant,  May  30,  1863,  and  to  Cap 
tain,  July  i,  1864.  He  was  transferred  on  the  latter 
date  to  the  Twenty-third  Ohio  Veteran  Volunteers 
(Colonel  R.  B.  Hayes),  and  assigned  to  Company  H. 
In  1865  he  was  breve tted  Major  and  Lieutenant  Col 
onel,  upon  the  unsolicited  recommendation  of  his 
commanding  officer,  "  for  gallant  and  meritorious  ser 
vices  during  the  war,"  he  having  participated  in 
1 86 1,  1862,  1863,  1864,  and  1865,  in  the  campaigns, 
respectively,  of  the  Kanawha  Division.  Eighth  Army 
Corps ;  the  Army  of  West  Virginia.  Mountain  De 
partment  ;  the  Ninth  Corps,  Army  of  the  Potomac, 
and  the  Army  of  the  Shenandoah,  and  taken  part  in 
the  following  actions :  Scarey  Creek,  Virginia,  July 
17,  1 86 1  ;  Carnifex  Ferry,  September  10,  1861  ;  Bull 
Run  Bridge,  August  27,  1862  ;  Frederick,  Septem 
ber  12,  1862  ;  South  Mountain,  September  14,  1862  ; 
Antietam,  September  17,  1862  (wounded);  Blue  Sul 
phur  Springs,  September,  1863  ;  Boyer's  Ferry,  No 
vember,  1863  ;  Meadow  Bluff,  December  14,  1863 ; 
Princeton,  May,  1864;  Cloyd's  Mountain,  May  9, 
1864 ;  New  River  Bridge,  May  10,  1864 ;  Quaker 
Church  (Lynchburg),  June  17-18,  1864;  Cabell- 
town,  July  20,  1864  ;  Kernstown,  July  24,  1864  (se 
verely  wounded).  He  served  in  1864-65  on  several 
courts-martial  and  military  commissions.  In  the 
winter  of  1864-65  he  was  assigned,  as  Senior  Cap. 


213 

tain  present  for  duty,  to  the  command  of  his  regiment 
at  Cumberland,  Maryland.  He  was  mustered  out 
July  26,  1865,  and  honorably  discharged  at  Cleve 
land,  Ohio,  August  i,  1865.  Pensioned.  Length  of 
service,  forty-nine  months. 

In  1867  he  was  tendered  the  appointment  of 
Second  Lieutenant  in  the  Army,  but  never  entered 
the  regular  service.  In  the  same  year  he  served  as 
Official  Reporter  of  the  Ohio  House  of  Representa 
tives.  He  then  located  in  Washington,  where  he 
acted  successively  as  Government  Official,  as  Corres 
pondent  and  Editor.  He  removed  with  his  family  to 
California  in  1876.  He  was  tendered  the  Collector- 
ship  of  the  Port  of  San  Diego  in  1878,  and  the  Con 
sulates  at  the  Samoan  Islands  and  Tien-Tsin,  China. 
In  none  of  these  positions,  however,  did  he  serve. 
He  served  as  Chief  Government  Agent  at  the  Seal 
Islands  of  Alaska  from  1879  to  1882. 

Leaving  this  position,  he  purchased  in  1882  an 
interest  in  the  Los  Angeles  Daily  Times  and  Weekly 
Mirror,  and  is  now  the  Editor  of  those  papers,  and 
President  of  the  Times-Mirror  Company.  Mrs.  Otis, 
who  is  a  leading  member  of  the  Times'  staff,  was 
Miss  Eliza  A.  Wetherby.  She  married  Mr.  Otis  at 
Lowell,  Ohio,  September  n,  1859.  They  have  three 
daughters  living :  Mrs.  Lilian  Otis  McPherron,  of 
Redlands  ;  Miss  Marian  Otis,  Secretary  of  the  Times- 
Mirror  Company,  and  Mrs.  Mabel  Otis  Booth,  of 
Berkeley,  Cal.  In  twenty  years  the  Times  has  grown 
from  very  small  beginnings  to  be  one  of  the  impor 
tant  daily  newspapers  of  the  Southwest.  In  1898, 
during  the  Spanish-American  War,  General  Otis 
served  as  Brigadier-General. 


2I4 


Major  JAMES  EVELYN  PILCHER. 

Was  born  in  Adrian,  Michigan,  March  18,  1857, 
to  the  Rev.  Elijah  Holmes  Pilcher,  S.  T.  D.,  LL.  D., 
and  his  wife,  Phebe  Maria  Fiske.  He  received  his 
preliminary  education  in  the  public  schools  of  Ann 
Arbor  and  Detroit,  and  was  graduated  in  arts  from 
the  University  of  Michigan  in  1879.  Having  by  ex 
tra  work  completed  the  studies  preparatory  to  the  bac 
calaureate  degree  earl}7  in  the  winter  of  that  year,  he 
entered  the  Long  Island  College  Hospital  in  Brook 
lyn,  New  York,  in  time  to  save  a  year's  medical 
school  attendance,  and  was  thus  able  to  take  his  med 
ical  degree  at  that  institution  in  1880. 

While  still  an  undergraduate  young  Pilcher  be 
came  Curator  of  the  Anatomical  and  Surgical  Society, 
then  an  active  organization  in  Brooklyn,  and  was  one 
of  the  founders  of  the  u  Annals  of  the  Anatomical 
and  Surgical  Society,"  a  monthly  journal  published 
during  the  year  1880  by  that  organization,  and  later 
transformed  into  the  "  Annals  of  Anatomy  and  Sur 
gery,"  published  by  a  corporation  of  which  he  was 
Secretary,  and  one  of  the  Editors  of  the  journal. 
After  a  successful  career  of  four  years  the  "  Annals 
of  Anatomy  and  Surgery  "  was  discontinued,  largely 
because  of  the  withdrawal  of  Dr.  Pilcher  from  its 
management. 

In  1883  the  young  doctor  appeared  before  the 
Army  Examining  Board,  then  in  session  in  New 
York,  consisting  of  General  Joseph  B.  Brown  and 
Majors  Bennett  A.  Clements  and  John  H.  Janeway, 


MAJOR    JAMES     EVELYN     PILCHER. 


217 

and  became  an  approved  candidate  for  appointment  to 
the  Medical  Department  of  the  Army.  In  June, 
1883,  tinder  a  contract  as  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon 
in  the  United  States  Army,  Dr.  Pilcher  proceeded  to 
the  Department  of  Dakota,  and  took  station  at  Fort 
Abraham  Lincoln,  proceeding  in  the  autumn  of  the 
same  year  to  Camp  Poplar  River,  Montana — being 
meanwhile  in  February,  1884,  commissioned  as  Assis 
tant  Surgeon — whence  he  was  transferred  in  1884  to 
Fort  Custer,  Montana.  In  1887  he  proceeded  to  Fort 
Monroe,  Virginia,  but  was  almost  immediately  re 
lieved  from  duty  there  and  assigned  to  station  at  Fort 
Wood,  New  York,  with  quarters  upon  Governor's 
Island,  where  he  also  had  charge  of  the  hospital  dur 
ing  the  ensuing  two  years,  and  attained  his  Cap 
taincy.  In  the  latter  part  of  1889  he  took  station  at 
Fort  Clark,  Texas,  returning  the  following  fall  to 
Governor's  Island,  where  he  remained  during  the 
winter  and  spring  of  1890  and  1891,  after  which  he 
repaired  to  Fort  Ringgold,  Texas.  In  1893-95  ne 
was  stationed  at  Fort  Niagara,  New  York.  From 
1895  to  l897  ne  was  at  Columbus  Barracks,  Ohio, 
after  a  six  months'  sick  leave  passed  principally  in 
Europe.  Thence  he  proceeded  to  Fort  Crook,  Ne 
braska,  where  he  served  during  the  winter  of  1897 
and  1898,  most  of  the  time  also  having  charge  of  the 
office  of  the  Chief  Surgeon  of  the  Department  of  the 
Platte  in  Omaha. 

On  the  first  call  for  troops  for  the  Spanish- 
American  War,  he  accompanied  the  Twenty-second 
United  States  Infantry,  first  to  Mobile,  Alabama,  and 
thence  to  Tampa,  Florida.  Here  his  regimental  hos 
pital  attracted  the  attention  of  the  Chief  Surgeon  of 


218 


the  forces  who  selected  him  to  act  first  as  Sanitary 
Inspector  of  the  camps  at  Tampa,  and  later  as  Chief 
Surgeon  of  the  volunteer  troops,  then  collecting  at 
Jacksonville  under  the  command  of  General  Henry 
W.  Lawton,  and  which  were  later  formed  into  the 
Seventh  Army  Corps,  under  the  command  of  General 
Fitzhugh  Lee.  Upon  the  arrival  of  the  Corps  staff, 
Captain  Pilcher,  who  had  meanwhile  been  commis 
sioned  as  Major  and  Brigade  Surgeon  of  Volunteers, 
was  detailed  as  Chief  Surgeon  of  the  Second  Division 
of  the  Corps.  About  this  time  he  became  impressed 
with  the  especial  importance  of  the  Supply  Depart 
ment,  particularly  in  connection  with  volunteer  med 
ical  officers  who  were  not  accustomed  to  Army  meth 
ods,  and  upon  his  request,  while  still  retained  as 
Executive  Officer  of  the  Chief  Surgeon's  office,  he 
was  also  detailed  as  Medical  Supply  Officer  of  the 
Corps.  This  duty  he  executed  with  singular  ability 
and  energy,  filling  all  demands  for  remedial  agents 
promptly  and  generously  and  hesitating  at  no  re 
sponsibility  or  labor  in  the  accomplishment  of  that 
end.  When  the  Seventh  Corps  was  about  to  proceed 
to  Cuba  he  was  detailed  to  take  charge  of  the  Medical 
Supply  Department  upon  the  hospital  ship  Missouri, 
with  a  view  to  purveying  for  the  troops  about  to  be 
stationed  on  the  Island  of  Cuba.  This  order  was 
changed,  however,  before  embarkation  to  one  direct 
ing  him  to  establish  a  permanent  medical  supply  de 
pot  in  the  City  of  Savannah.  Here  an  enormous 
quantity  of  supplies  were  accumulated  and  issued  by 
him,  until  early  in  1899  the  tremendous  strain  to 
which  he  had  been  subjected  during  the  war  mani 
fested  itself  in  a  severe  illness,  which  necessitated  a 


219 

sick  leave  and  his   ultimate  retirement  for  disability 
in  October,  1900,  with  the  grade  of  Captain. 

Major  Pilcher  has  always  been  a  tireless  worker 
along  the  lines  of  his  profession,  and  has  won  a  wide 
spread  reputation  in  the  military,  medical,  literary 
world.  During  his  first  five  years'  service  he  pre 
pared  translations  of  (i)  the  Anathomia  of  Mundi- 
nus,  a  work  written  in  mediaeval  Latin,  which  for 
several  hundred  years  was  the  great  anatomical  au 
thority  of  the  world,  but  which  had  never  before  been 
translated  into  English  ;  (2)  the  Petit  Chirurgie  of 
Pierre  Franco,  an  ancient  surgical  authority  written 
in  the  French  of  the  Middle  Ages  and  never  before 
put  into  English  ;  (3)  the  Anatomic  Topographique 
of  Tillaux,  a  large  book  of  over  a  thousand  pages  in 
modern  French.  This  work,  which  was  done  for  its 
own  sake,  and  without  intention  of  publication,  was 
recognized  by  the  Illinois  Wesleyan  University  with 
the  honorary  degree  of  Ph.  D. 

In  1886  he  prepared  and  delivered,  at  Fort  Cus 
ter,  a  series  of  lectures  upon  First  Aid,  which  were 
repeated  in  1887  and  1888  at  Governor's  Island. 
These  lectures  formed  the  basis  of  his  book  upon 
"  First  Aid  in  Illness  and  Injury,"  which,  since  its 
publication  in  1893,  has  had  the  remarkable  history 
of  nine  editions  in  America  and  one  in  Great  Britain. 
He  also  devoted  much  attention  to  the  training  of  the 
then  newly  organized  Hospital  Corps,  and  devised  a 
system  of  bearer  drill  which  was  issued  from  the 
press  in  1888,  and  was  the  first  manual  of  Hospital 
Corps  drill  to  be  published  in  the  United  States. 
While  at  Governor's  Island  in  1887—89,  he  edited  for 
his  brother,  the  responsible  Editor,  the  u  Annals  of 


220 


Surgery,"  a  monthly  magazine  which  had  succeeded 
to  the  "  Annals  of  Anatomy  and  Surgery,"  and  which 
has  since  developed  into  the  chief  surgical  authority 
of  the  world.  At  this  time  he  also  became  a  member 
of  the  editorial  staff  of  the  New  York  "  Christian 
Advocate,"  having  in  charge  the  health  department 
of  that  journal,  which  he  continued  to  direct  until  the 
failure  of  his  health  in  1894. 

In  1896  he  was  appointed  Assistant  Secretary  of 
the  Association  of  Military  Surgeons  of  the  United 
States,  and  in  the  following  year  was  elected  Secre 
tary  and  Bditor,  producing  the  volume  of  Proceedings 
for  that  year,  and  serving  until  1899.  After  an  in 
termission  of  two  years  he  was,  in  1901,  elected  per 
manent  Secretary  and  Editor  of  the  Association  of 
Military  Surgeons,  and  in  August  of  that  year  issued 
the  first  number  of  the  "  Journal  of  the  Association 
of  Military  Surgeons  of  the  United  States,"  which, 
first  as  a  quarterly  and  later  as  a  monthly  magazine,, 
has  been  an  instrument  of  the  greatest  importance  in 
the  development  of  military  medicine  and  surgery  in 
the  United  States.  During  his  tenure  of  office  the 
Association  of  Military  Surgeons  grew  from  a  small 
body  of  some  three  hundred  members  to  a  large  or 
ganization  of  over  a  thousand,  with  recognition  by 
foreign  nations  in  all  parts  of  the  world. 

In  addition  to  Major  Pilcher's  strictly  profes 
sional  work,  he  has  taken  much  interest  in  all  that 
relates  to  literature  and  history.  While  but  a  boy  he 
established  and  edited  "  The  Capitol  "  —a  monthly 
paper  issued  in  the  interests  of  the  students  of  the 
Detroit  High  School,  then  housed  in  the  former  capi- 
tol  of  Michigan — and  in  this  and  other  publications 


221 


evinced  a  strong  and  early  literary  turn  of  mind.  In 
1889  he  made  a  card  index  of  the  Library  of  the  Mil 
itary  Service  Institution,  and  in  1900  he  supervised 
the  preparation  of  a  similar  index  to  the  Pennsyl 
vania  State  Library.  His  work  for  the  State  of  Penn 
sylvania  resulted  also  in  the  superb  Fourth  Series  of 
u  Pennsylvania  Archives,"  which  he  edited  for  his 
friend,  Dr.  George  Edward  Reed,  and  which  was 
published  in  twelve  octavo  volumes  averaging  a  thou 
sand  pages  each.  In  1902  he  prepared  a  monograph 
on  the  "Seal  and  Arms  of  Pennsylvania,"  which  was 
published  by  the  State,  and  which  is  the  only  com 
plete  and  authoritative  discussion  of  the  subject  in 
existence,  embodying  the  results  of  an  enormous 
amount  of  original  research  and  investigation  An 
other  historical  work  of  importance  is  his  u  Life  and 
Labors  of  Elijah  Holmes  Pilcher,"  published  in  New 
York  in  1892,  and  he  has  in  course  of  active  prepara 
tion  a  book  upon  the  Pilcher  Family  in  England  and 
America. 

During  the  years  1903-1905  he  published  a  ser 
ies  of  biographical  sketches  of  the  Surgeon  Generals 
of  the  United  States  Army,  the  first  attempt  to  cover 
this  historical  ground.  The  series  was  illustrated 
with  a  complete  set  of  portraits,  obtained  after  pro 
longed  and  careful  research,  and  included  biographical 
sketches  of  the  Surgeon  Generals  of  the  Confederate 
Army,  and  of  the  two  Secretaries  of  War  who  had 
served  as  Army  medical  officers.  These  were  all  col 
lected  into  a  single  brochure,  and  published  under 
the  caption  of  "  The  Surgeon  Generals  of  the  United 
States  Army  "  in  1905. 

Major  Pilcher  has  been  a  voluminous  contributor 


222 


to  periodical  literature.  In  addition  to  numerous 
signed  articles,  a  very  large  amount  of  anonymous 
editorial  work  from  his  pen  has  appeared  in  the  vari 
ous  publications  with  which  he  has  been  associated. 
Among  the  signed  contributions  may  be  mentioned : 
"A  New  Field  of  Honor,"  published  in  Scribner's 
Magazine,  with  illustrations  ;  numerous  articles  upon 
the  "Transportation  of  the  Disabled,"  published  in 
the  Journal  of  the  Military  Service  Institution,  the 
Reference  Handbook  of  Medical  Science,  the  Boston 
Medical  and  Surgical  Journal,  the  Public  Service  Re 
view,  and  other  journals ;  a  series  of  articles  on 
"  Military  Physical  Training,"  and  a  paper  upon  the 
"  Uniform  of  the  West  Point  Cadet ;"  monographs 
relating  to  the  history  of  anatomy  and  surgery,  in 
cluding  the  "  Annals  and  Achievements  of  American 
Surgery,"  "  Chauliac  and  Mondeville,"  "A  Glimpse 
of  Sixteenth  Century  Surgery,"  and  "  Mundinus  and 
the  Anatomy  of  the  Middle  Ages."  In  addition  to 
his  book  on  "First  Aid  in  Illness  and  Injury,"  he 
also  has  written  many  journal  articles  upon  the  sub 
ject,  which  have  been  published  in  the  several  mili 
tary  and  medical  journals  and  society  transactions. 

His  services  as  a  teacher  of  the  subjects  to  which 
his  studies  have  been  devoted  have  been  in  frequent 
demand.  In  1889  he  was  detailed  by  the  War  De 
partment  to  instruct  the  First  Brigade  of  the  Penn 
sylvania  National  Guard.  In  1896  he  was  elected 
Professor  of  Military  Surgery  in  the  Ohio  Medical 
University,  where  he  delivered  several  courses  of  lec 
tures,  and  upon  his  change  of  station  was  honored  by 
election  as  Emeritus  Professor  of  Military  Surgery. 
During  the  same  years  he  taught  military  sanitation 


223 

in  Starling  Medical  College.  In  1897  he  was  elected 
Professor  of  Military  Surgery  in  the  Medical  Depart 
ment  of  Creighton  University,  a  position  which  he 
held  until  his  departure  for  duty  in  the  field  in  con 
nection  with  the  Spanish-American  War.  Upon  his 
retirement  from  active  service  his  services  were 
sought  by  Dickinson  College,  in  which  he  held  the 
chair  of  anatomy  and  embryology  in  1900,  and  that 
of  economics  and  sociology  in  1901-1903.  He  also 
has  been  Professor  of  Medical  Jurisprudence  in  Dick 
inson  School  of  Law  since  1900. 

He  is  an  Honorary  Member  of  the  Phi  Beta 
Kappa  and  Delta  Chi  fraternities,  and  in  1902  was 
honored  by  Allegheny  College  with  the  degree  of 
L.  H.  D. 

Major  Pilcher  has  a  not  inconsiderable  reputa 
tion  as  a  public  speaker,  and  has  had  a  rather  exten 
sive  experience  upon  the  platform.  His  lectures 
upon  uThe  Man,  the  Woman  and  the  Child,"  the 
"  Building  of  a  Nation,"  "Arms  and  the  Man," 
aUnto  the  Third  and  Fourth  Generation,"  "Step 
ping  Stones  to  Success,"  etc.,  have  met  with  a  wide 
acceptance  and  general  approval. 

He  has  been  quick  to  avail  himself  of  the  oppor 
tunities  for  improvement  and  advancement  afforded 
by  contact  with  his  associates,  and  in  addition  to  his 
relation  with  the  Association  of  Military  Surgeons  of 
the  United  States,  of  which  he  is  permanent  Secre 
tary  and  Editor,  he  is  a  member  of  the  Military  Ser 
vice  Institution  of  the  United  States,  and  of  the 
Army  and  Navy  Club  of  Washington  ;  he  is  a  com 
patriot  of  the  Sons  of  the  American  Revolution, 
and  a  veteran  companion  of  the  Military  Order  of 


224 

Foreign  Wars ;  a  member  of  the  American  Medical 
Association  and  the  American  Medical  Editors'  As 
sociation  ;  an  Honorary  Member  of  the  Ohio  State 
Medical  Society,  the  Cumberland  Valley  Medical  So 
ciety,  and  the  Old  Northwest  Genealogical  Society  ; 
a  Fellow  of  the  American  Academy  of  Medicine  and 
an  Honorary  Fellow  of  the  American  Academy  of 
Railway  Surgeons.  He  is  also  connected  with  a 
number  of  social  and  beneficiary  organizations, 
among  which  may  be  mentioned  the  Masonic  Order, 
the  Knights  of  Pythias  and  the  Elks. 

Personally  Major  Pilcher  is  rather  below  the 
medium  height  and  of  a  full  habit.  He  is  broad 
and  liberal  in  his  attitude  toward  public  and  private 
affairs.  While  embarrassed  somewhat  by  the  infirm 
ity  for  which  he  was  retired,  he  is  nevertheless  en 
abled  by  judicious  conservation  of  his  strength  to 
accomplish  a  great  deal  of  work  in  his  chosen  field, 
and  his  career  may  be  regarded  as  still  in  its  early 
stages. 


COLONEL    ABRAM     B.    LAWRENCE. 


227 


Colonel  ABRAM  B.  LAWRENCE. 

Was  born  of  New  England  parentage  in  War 
saw,  N.  Y.,  May  18,  1834.  He  enjoyed  high  school 
advantages  and  was  well  advanced  in  his  studies, 
when,  at  the  age  of  twelve,  he  was  placed  in  a  book 
store  in  Warsaw,  and  at  nineteen  accepted  a  responsi 
ble  position  as  accountant  and  cashier  in  a  large  pub 
lishing  house  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  where  he  remained 
until  1856,  when  he  removed  to  Niagara  Falls,  N.  Y., 
and  became  proprietor  of  a  drug  and  medicine  bus 
iness,  which  he  sold  in  1858,  returned  to  Warsaw  to 
care  for  his  widowed  mother,  and  for  a  short  time  en 
gaged  in  mercantile  pursuits,  in  the  meantime  project 
ing  the  u  Warsaw  Gas  Light  Works,"  which,  co-oper 
ating  with  others,  he  built  in  1859  and  successfully 
operated,  also  carrying  on  a  foundry  and  machine 
building  business  until  the  Civil  War  broke  out, 
when  he  quitted  all  to  enter  the  Union  Army,  having 
been  selected  by  the  Senatorial  District  Committee  as 
Quartermaster  to  represent  Wyoming  County  in  the 
organization  of  the  Thirtieth  Senatorial  District 
Regiment,  afterwards  designated  the  i3oth  N.  Y. 
Volunteer  Infantry,  which  was  subsequently  trans 
ferred  to  cavalry,  and  known  as  the  First  New  York 
Dragoons,  and  which  under  General  Sheridan  became 
famous. 

In  1862  he  was  placed  on  detached  service  in  the 
Commissary  and  Quartermaster's  Department,  Peck's 
Division,  Seventh  Army  Corps.  Subsequently  he 
was  assigned  to  duty  in  Sheridan's  Cavalry  Corps  as 


228 


Quartermaster  of  the  regular  cavalry  brigade,  etc., 
promoted  to  be  Captain  and  Assistant  Quartermaster 
U.  S.  A.,  and  assigned  to  duty  at  headquarters  Eigh 
teenth  Army  Corps,  of  which  he  was  soon  made  Chief 
Quartermaster,  and  in  recognition  of  his  services 
promoted  to  the  rank  of  Major  in  the  Quartermas 
ter's  Department,  U.  S.  A.,  serving  thus  with  the 
Tenth,  Eighteenth,  and  Twenty-fifth  Corps.  Upon 
the  reorganization  and  consolidation  of  troops  of  the 
Ninth,  Tenth,  and  Eighteenth  Corps,  and  constitut 
ing  the  Twenty-fourth  Army  Corps,  he  was  assigned 
by  President  Lincoln  to  the  duty  of  Chief  Quarter 
master  in  it  and  raised  to  the  rank  of  Lieutenant- 
Colonel.  During  the  memorable  campaign  which 
ended  with  the  surrender  of  General  Lee,  he  was  ap 
pointed  by  General  Grant  Chief  Quartermaster  of 
the  Army  of  the  James,  with  which  the  General  made 
his  headquarters  at  that  time.  Colonel  Lawrence's 
services  in  connection  with  this  Army  were  particu 
larly  distinguished,  and  he  was,  in  recognition  of 
these  services,  assigned  by  order  of  General  Grant 
"  to  receive  the  surrender  and  make  disposition  of  the 
property  of  the  Army  of  Northern  Virgina,  and  to 
act  as  Chief  Quartermaster  of  the  United  States 
forces  at  Appomattox  Court  House,  Virginia."  These 
duties  completed,  he  removed  the  Army  property  to 
Richmond,  remained  there  on  duty  during  the 
muster-out  of  troops  and  disposition  of  the  surplus 
Army  property. 

In  the  fall  of  1865  he  was  assigned  to  duty  in 
the  vicinity  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  by  order  of  Sec 
retary  Stanton,  and  rendered  efficient  service  there. 
In  1866,  upon  application  for  muster-out,  he  returned 


229 

to  Warsaw,  N.  Y.,  where  he  received  an  honorable 
discharge  with  brevet  commissions  "  for  faithful  and 
meritorious  services  during  the  war."  Soon  after 
Colonel  Lawrence  engaged  with  Btiffalo  capitalists  in 
developing  extensive  slate  interests  in  the  Province  of 
Quebec.  Disposing  of  his  interests  in  this  enter 
prise  after  a  few  years  of  remunerative  operations, 
he  returned  to  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  and  engaged  success 
fully  in  the  lumber  and  planing-mill  business.  Yield 
ing  to  promising  inducements  and  also  to  care  for  his 
aged  mother  residing  there,  he  returned  to  Warsaw, 
where  he  engaged  in  the  furniture  trade.  In  1876, 
upon  the  organization  of  the  Letchworth  Rifles,  he 
was  commissioned  and  served  six  years  as  Command 
ant.  He  is  identified  among  the  organizers  of  the 
National  Guard  Association  of  the  State  of  New 
York,  and  its  Recording  Secretary  for  ten  successive 
years.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the 
Republic,  and  for  several  years  was  Commander  of 
Gibbs  Post,  of  Warsaw,  New  York,  which  he  organ 
ized  among  many  others  in  the  State ;  and  has  been 
a  Vice-Department  Commander  of  New  York ;  sev 
eral  years  a  member  of  the  Council  of  Administra 
tion,  and  repeatedly  a  delegate  to  the  National  en 
campments.  Is  a  member  of  the  Military  Order  of 
the  Loyal  Legion  ;  an  honorary  member  of  the  Mil 
itary  Service  Institution  of  the  United  States  and 
other  similar  organizations  ;  a  bright  member  of  the 
Masonic  fraternity  and  of  the  higher  grades  of 
Masonry.  Among  other  public-spirited  duties,  he 
successfully  conducted  the  affairs  of  the  Wyoming 
County  Agricultural  Society  for  five  successive  years 
as  President,  assisted  in  the  organization  of  the  State 
Society,  and  for  four  years  served  as  its  President. 


230 


Lieut.  GRANVILLE  ROLAND  FORTESCUE. 

United  States  Army. 

Was  born  in  New  York  and  received  his  early 
education  at  various  schools  in  this  State  and  at  Toot 
ing  College,  London,  England.  Afterwards  attended 
the  Berkeley  School,  this  city,  and  the  Andover 
Academy,  Mass.,  and  later  Georgetown  University 
and  the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  He  left  the  lat 
ter  University  in  1897  to  go  to  Cuba  on  a  filibuster 
ing  expedition.  In  1898  he  joined  the  "  Rough 
Riders,"  and  served  through  the  Cuban  campaign. 
At  the  close  of  the  Spanish- American  War  he  went 
West  and  spent  some  time  on  a  ranch.  In  1899  he 
was  commissioned  First  Lieutenant  in  the  Twenty- 
sixth  Infantry,  U.  S.  V.,  and  was  with  his  regiment 
in  the  Philippines  for  two  years.  After  the  Twenty- 
sixth  Infantry  was  mustered  out,  the  President  ap 
pointed  him  a  Second  Lieutenant  in  the  Regular 
Army,  and  he  was  assigned  to  the  Fourth  Cavalry 
and  stationed  at  Fort  Leavenworth,  Kansas.  He  was 
promoted  in  1903,  and  detailed  to  the  Department  of 
Public  Building  Grounds  at  Washington,  D.  C.,  and 
also  as  Military  Aide  at  the  White  House.  In  March, 
1894,  he  obtained  leave  of  absence  and  spent  six 
months  in  the  Far  East  watching  operations  in  the 
Russo-Japanese  War  as  a  semi-official  attache  with 
the  Japs.  He  returned  in  the  autumn  to  Washing- 


LIEUTENANT    GRANVILLE     ROLAND     FORTESCUE. 
UNITED     STATES     ARMY. 


233 

ton  to  resume  his  duties  there.  Lieutenant  Fortescue 
has  written  a  number  of  articles  relating  to  his  pro 
fession,  notably  an  article  on  "  The  Friars,"  which 
appeared  in  "The  United  Service  Magazine"  in 
1902,  and  attracted  much  attention. 


234 


HOWARD  A.  STEVENSON. 

Son  of  Hon.  Samuel  Stevenson,  was  born  in 
Philadelphia,  January  2,  1842,  and  was  educated  in 
the  schools  of  that  city.  In  1859  he  entered  the 
wholesale  drug  house  of  Ziegler  &  Smith,  attending 
the  College  of  Pharmacy  in  the  evening  until  he  had 
a  thorough  knowledge  of  the  pharmaceutical  pro 
fession.  The  outbreak  of  the  Civil  War  brought  his 
connection  with  this  house  to  an  end.  He  had  early 
shown  a  predilection  for  military  service,  becoming 
an  active  member  of  the  Second  Regiment  Pennsyl 
vania  Militia,  and  subsequently  the  Treasurer  of  his 
company.  After  the  outbreak  of  the  war  he  enlisted, 
and  assisted  Colonel  Fry  in  recruiting  his  cavalry 
regiment,  his  recruiting  station  being  in  Inde 
pendence  Square.  While  thus  engaged  he  received 
instructions  from  the  Surgeon-General  of  the  Naval 
Department  to  report  at  Washington  for  examina 
tion,  with  a  view  to  appointment  in  the  Medical 
Corps  of  the  United  States  Navy.  Passing  the  ex 
amination  successfully,  he  was  ordered  to  report  for 
duty  on  the  United  States  steamer  State  of  Georgia, 
and  remained  on  her  till  the  end  of  the  war. 

On  returning  to  civil  life,  he  entered  the  whole 
sale  drug  house  of  A.  F.  Hazard  &  Co.,  with  whom 
he  remained  about  three  years.  In  1870  he  succeeded 
them  in  business,  in  partnership  with  Lewis  U.  Bean, 
the  firm  name  being  Bean  &  Stevenson.  The  busi 
ness  thus  purchased  had  been  established  in  1822, 


HOWARD     A.    STEVENSON, 


237 

and  was  the  oldest  and  perhaps  the  best  of  its  kind 
in  the  city.  The  location  of  the  new  firm  was  at  113 
Arch  Street.  In  1873  Bean  &  Stevenson  bought  ont 
the  stock  of  the  long-established  firm  of  Wetherill  & 
Brother,  wholesale  drug  dealers,  at  47  and  49  North 
Second  Street,  and  removed  to  that  locality.  Weth 
erill  &  Brother  had  been  principally  engaged  in  the 
South  American  trade,  and  their  business,  added  to 
that  previously  possessed  b}r  the  firm,  gave  it  the 
most  important  drug  trade  in  the  city.  During  this 
period  Mr.  Stevenson  had  become  a  member  and  di 
rector  of  the  Philadelphia  Drug  Exchange,  in  whose 
affairs  he  took  an  active  interest.  In  1878  he  retired 
from  mercantile  life,  and  became  connected  with  the 
street  railway  system,  a  connection  which  still  con 
tinues. 

Having  purchased  an  interest  in  the  Green  & 
Coates  Streets  Passenger  Railway  Company,  he  was 
elected  a  Director  of  that  corporation  in  January, 
1879,  and  in  July  of  that  year  was  made  its  President. 
This  office  he  held  till  the  railway  was  leased,  in 
1 88 1,  by  the  People's  Passenger  Railway  Company. 
He  was  offered  the  Vice-Presidency  of  the  consoli 
dated  companies,  but  declined,  and  became  interested 
in  the  Lombard  &  South  Streets  and  the  West  End 
Railways,  being  Director  of  the  former  for  six  and  of 
the  latter  for  two  years.  He  resigned  these  offices 
some  time  after  the  consolidation  of  the  two  roads, 
and  gave  his  attention  again  to  the  People's  Passen 
ger  Railway,  of  which  he  was  elected  a  Director  on 
January  16,  1886,  to  succeed  Charles  J.  Harrah.  In 
February  he  was  elected  a  Director  of  the  German- 
town  Passenger  Railway  Company.  On  December  9, 


238 

1890,  he  was  elected  President  of  the  People's  Pas 
senger  Railway  of  Philadelphia,  which  position  he 
held  till  April  15,  1892,  when  he  resigned.  During 
his  term  of  Presidency  he  strongly  advocated  the  use 
of  electricity  as  the  motive  power  for  moving  the  cars 
of  the  company.  His  resignation  of  office  called  forth 
the  following  unanimous  vote  of  thanks  for  his  faith 
ful  service  from  the  Board  of  I  )irectors : 

u  Resolved :  That  a  vote  of  thanks  of  this  Board 
be  tendered  the  retiring  President,  Mr.  Howard  A. 
Stevenson,  for  the  earnest,  indefatigable,  and  loyal 
service  he  has  rendered  the  People's  Passenger  Rail 
way  Company.  He  has  always  been  ready  to  surren 
der  every  personal  consideration  for  the  interests  of 
the  company,  and  his  identification  with  it  has  re 
sulted  to  its  advantage  and  prosperity.  It  is  with 
deep  regret  we  yield  to  his  determination  to  sever  his 
official  relation  to  the  company,  the  established  suc 
cess  of  which  he  has  been  so  instrumental  in  se 
curing." 

In  1887  Mr.  Stevenson  was  made  a  member  of 
the  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Fire  Association  of 
Philadelphia,  and  in  1889  of  the  Real  Estate  Title 
Insurance  &  Trust  Company,  both  of  which  positions 
he  still  retains.  He  is  a  member  of  the  George  G. 
Meade  Post,  No.  i,  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  and 
of  various  social  organizations,  a  life  member  of  the 
Athletic  Club  of  the  Schuylkill  Navy,  and  a  member 
of  the  Germantowii  Cricket  Club. 


COMMANDER     R.    M.    G.    BROWN. 
UNITED    STATES     NAVY. 


241 


Commander  R.  M.  G.  BROWN. 
United  States  Navy. 

Is  a  native  of  Virginia,  and  was  appointed  to  a 
cadetship  in  the  Navy  from  that  State  in  1864,  grad 
uating  with  high  honors  in  1868,  being  No.  3  in  a 
class  of  eighty  members.  His  first  service  afloat  was 
on  board  the  Saranac,  in  the  North  Pacific  Squadron, 
and  he  also  served  on  the  same  station  on  board  the 
Lackawanna  and  the  Pensacola.  He  received  his  pro 
motion  to  the  grade  of  Ensign  in  1869,  and  to  that  of 
Master  in  1870.  In  the  latter  year  he  was  ordered  to 
duty  on  the  China  station,  where  he  served  for  three 
years  on  board  the  Alaska.  During  this  period  he 
took  part  in  the  Corean  expedition,  and  was  placed  in 
command  of  the  force  which  was  landed  for  the  pur 
pose  of  enforcing  the  demands  for  indemnity  pre 
ferred  by  the  United  States  Government.  For  the 
efficient  manner  in  which  he  discharged  this  impor 
tant  duty  he  was  specially  mentioned  in  the  official 
report.  His  next  duty  was  on  board  the  New  Hamp 
shire  at  Norfolk,  he  having  in  the  meantime  received 
his  commission  as  Lieutenant.  He  served  on  the 
New  Hampshire  until  1874,  when  he  was  ordered  to 
the  Torpedo  School  at  Newport,  R.  I.  In  October  of 
the  same  year  he  was  ordered  to  the  Dispatch  as  exe 
cutive  officer.  His  next  duty  was  on  the  West  India 
station,  where  he  served  on  board  the  Swatara  until 
March,  1877,  when  he  was  placed  on  duty  at  the 
Naval  Academy  as  Instructor  of  Navigation  and 
Surveying.  Congress  having  appropriated  a  liberal 
sum  of  money  for  the  construction  of  a  new  type  of 


242 

naval  war  vessel  under  the  personal  direction  of  Ad 
miral  Porter,  and  in  accordance  with  plans  and  speci 
fications  devised  by  him,  Lieutenant  Brown  was,  in 
March,  1877,  ordered  to  the  New  York  Yard  to 
assist  in  carrying  out  the  details  of  the  construction 
of  the  vessel.  Although  the  experiment  to  which 
Admiral  Porter  had  devoted  so  much  time  and  energy 
was  never  brought  to  a  successful  completion,  the 
work  accomplished  by  Lieutenant  Brown  while  on 
duty  on  board  the  Alarm  (the  name  which  had  been 
selected  for  the  embryo  destroyer),  received  the  high 
est  commendation  from  the  Navy  Department.  In 
August,  1881,  he  was  detached  from  the  Alarm,  and 
ordered  to  the  Lancaster  on  the  European  station.  It 
was  while  on  duty  on  this  station  that  he  received  in 
juries  in  the  line  of  duty  which  necessitated  his  be 
ing  invalided  home  and  placed  on  special  duty.  In 
May,  1884,  he  was  assigned  to  duty  on  board  the 
Lacka wanna,  on  the  South  Pacific  station.  It  was 
while  on  this  station  that  Lieutenant  Brown  made 
his  report  on  the  impracticability  of  the  Panama 
route  for  a  ship  canal.  This  report  received  wide  at 
tention,  and  was  considered  by  many  leading  naviga 
tors  and  scientists  as  a  convincing  argument  against 
the  practicability  of  this  route.  On  his  return  to  the 
United  States  he  was  placed  on  duty  at  the  Norfolk 
Yard  as  navigating  officer,  where  he  remained  till 
October,  1887,  when  he  joined  the  flagship  Trenton, 
in  the  same  capacity,  the  vessel's  destination  being 
the  Pacific  station.  It  was  while  on  this  voyage  that 
Lieutenant  Brown's  skill  in  navigating  the  Trenton 
through  the  Straits  of  Magellan  and  Smyth's  Sound 
received  special  commendation  from  the  commanding 


243 

officer.  It  was  subsequently,  during  the  memorable 
hurricane  at  Samoa,  that  he  found  his  greatest  oppor 
tunity  for  the  exhibition  of  his  skill  as  a  navigating 
officer.  Captain  Farquhar,  the  Commander  of  the 
Trenton,  in  his  report,  which  was  approved  by  Ad 
miral  Kimberley,  said  :  "  Lieutenant  R.  M.  Brown, 
the  Navigator,  was  by  my  side  the  whole  time,  and 
to  his  excellent  judgment,  one  time  at  least,  the  ship 
was  cleared  of  a  reef."  The  Secretary  of  the  Navy, 
in  a  letter  to  a  high  official,  in  commenting  on  the 
event,  said  :  u  Every  effort  was  made  to  control  the 
vessel's  movements  .  .  .  and  it  was  the  opinion 
of  her  commanding  officer  that  it  was  through  the 
excellent  judgment  of  Lieutenant  Brown,  the  navi 
gating  officer,  that  the  ship  cleared  the  reef  and  the 
four  hundred  and  fifty  lives  on  board  were  saved." 
A  novel  device  was  adopted  by  Lieutenant  Brown  on 
this  occasion  for  weathering  the  ship.  The  sails  hav 
ing  been  blown  out  of  the  vessel,  or  being  ineffective, 
the  Lieutenant  caused  the  ship's  crew  to  man  the  rig 
ging,  thus  making  a  living  sail  which  proved  suffi 
ciently  effective  to  enable  the  vessel  to  weather  the 
reef.  This  novel  expedient  was  favorably  commented 
upon  as  showing  the  cool  judgment  of  an  officer  in 
an  exigency  of  the  most  trying  character. 

Lieutenant  Brown  was  ordered  to  duty  in  the 
office  of  the  Judge  Advocate  General  on  October  i, 
1889,  where  he  remained  for  a  year  and  a  half.  In 
the  early  part  of  1891  he  was  given  the  responsible 
position  of  executive  and  disbursing  officer  of  the  In 
tercontinental  Railway  Commission.  This  was  a 
most  important  Commission,  having  in  view  the  con 
struction  of  a  system  of  railways  by  which  the  traffic 


244 

and  travel  of  the  two  Continents  might  be  brought 
into  closer  relations.  In  was  largely  promoted  by  the 
late  James  G.  Elaine,  and  in  the  formation  of  the 
Commission  Mr.  A.  J.  Cassatt,  the  great  railroad  mag 
nate,  was  placed  at  its  head,  and  prominent  in  its 
membership  were  the  names  of  such  men  as  the 
Hon.  H.  G.  Davis,  of  West  Virginia,  late  candidate 
for  Vice-President,  and  the  Hon.  Richard  C.  Kerns, 
of  Missouri.  A  preliminary  survey  was  carried  out 
under  the  auspices  of  the  Commission,  extending 
from  Mexico  to  Bolivia,  much  valuable  information 
being  obtained,  especially  in  Ecuador  and  on  the  up 
per  waters  of  the  Amazon  in  Peru.  Lieutenant 
Brown  remained  on  active  duty  with  the  Commission 
until  1898,  when  the  final  volume,  the  seventh,  of  the 
report  was  published.  His  services  during  this 
period  were  recognized  both  by  the  Government  and 
the  Commission  as  of  the  highest  value.  On  April  27, 
1893,  he  received  his  promotion  to  the  grade  of  Com 
mander.  At  the  breaking  out  of  the  Spanish-Amer 
ican  War,  Commander  Brown  was  one  of  the  first 
officers  to  apply  for  active  duty,  and  he  was  immedi 
ately  ordered  to  the  Norfolk  Yard,  where  he  rendered 
valuable  service  during  the  entire  period  of  the  war, 
in  various  capacities,  but  principally  in  connection 
with  the  equipment  department. 


CAPTAIN     A.     ROSS     HOUSTON. 
UNITED     STATES     VOLUNTEERS. 


247 
Captain  A.  ROSS  HOUSTON. 

United  States    Volunteers. 

Was  born  in  Middletown,  Orange  County,  New 
York,  March  20,  1847,  n^s  parents  being  Anthony 
Houston  and  Mary  Ross,  whose  ancestors  were  of  the 
early  families  of  the  county,  of  Scotch  and  Irish 
descent,  and  having  had  representatives  in  the  mili 
tary  service  in  the  Wars  of  the  Revolution  and  1812. 
Captain  Houston  received  his  early  education  under 
private  tuition  and  at  the  Walkill  Academy  in  Mid 
dletown,  New  York. 

He  entered  the  Army  at  the  age  of  sixteen,  at 
which  time  he  was  preparing  to  accept  an  appoint 
ment  as  Cadet  at  the  Naval  Academy  of  the  United 
States.  He  was  commissioned  Second  Lieutenant, 
Fourth  Regiment  of  Engineers,  Corps  d'Afrique,  in 
September,  1863,  and  ordered  to  report  at  New  Or 
leans,  Louisiana.  A  brigade  of  engineer  troops  was 
then  being  organized  in  the  Department  of  the  Gulf 
for  operations  with  the  Armies  of  the  South  and 
West,  and  the  officers  were  selected  for  fitness  in  en 
gineer  service  on  fortifications  and  in  the  field.  The 
brigade,  consisting  of  five  regiments,  was  equipped 
and  instructed  as  engineer  troops,  and  did  good  ser 
vice  as  such  until  the  close  of  the  war.  February  25, 
1864,  he  was  promoted  to  First  Lieutenant,  and  was 
assigned  to  duty  as  Aide-de-Camp  at  the  headquarters 
of  the  Engineer  Brigade,  New  Orleans,  Louisiana, 
while  the  organization  was  being  completed.  He  was 
appointed  Aide-de-Camp  at  the  headquarters  of  the 
Department  of  the  Gulf,  General  Banks  command- 


248 

ing,  in  March,  1864,  and  served  during  the  Red 
River,  Louisiana,  campaign,  being  in  the  engage 
ments  and  battles  of  Natchitoches,  March  20 ; 
Crump's  Hill,  April  2  ;  Compte,  April  4  ;  Wilson's 
Farm,  April  7  ;  Sabine  Cross-Roads,  April  8  ;  Pleas 
ant  Hill,  April  9 ;  Monete's  Bluff,  Cane  River,  April 
23  ;  Alexandria,  April  26 ;  Governor  Moore's  Planta 
tion,  May  2  ;  Dunn's  Bayou,  May  5  ;  and  Mansura, 
May  14  and  16. 

Being  young,  alert,  and  a  good  horseman,  his 
duties  were  continuous  and  severe  during  the  whole 
campaign  ;  while  escaping  himself  the  bullets  of  the 
enemy,  two  horses  were  shot  under  him  in  the  terrific 
battles  of  Sabine  Cross-Roads  and  Pleasant  Hill,  and 
another  horse  killed  when  the  headquarters  were 
stampeded  by  the  enemy  firing  on  them  from  trees 
and  elevations  across  the  river  below  Alexandria. 
Captain  Houston  was  picked  up  for  dead,  being  badly 
injured  by  being  dragged  by  his  wounded  horse  and 
trodden  on  by  the  cavalry  escort.  In  this  campaign 
Captain  Houston  received  special  commendation  for 
his  ride,  after  the  battle  at  Monete's  Bluff,  outside 
the  lines  of  the  Army,  through  country  occupied  by 
the  enemy,  to  Alexandria,  to  notify  General  Grover 
of  the  safety  and  approach  of  the  retreating  Army, 
and  of  the  early  relief  of  General  Grover's  forces 
from  attacks  already  begun. 

In  1865  Captain  Houston  served  at  the  head 
quarters  of  General  E.  R.  S.  Canby,  during  the  cam 
paign  against  Mobile,  in  the  seige  and  capture  of 
Spanish  Fort  and  Blakely,  March  26  to  April  9,  and 
the  surrender  of  Mobile,  April  n. 

He  was  retained  in  service  after  the  close  of  the 


249 

war  by  special  order  of  the  Secretary  of  War.  In  the 
winter  of  1865-66  he  was  on  duty  as  Provost-Mar 
shal,  and  Freedmen's  Burean  Agent  in  charge  of  the 
parishes  of  Iberville  and  West  Baton  Rouge,  Louis 
iana. 

Here,  as  the  only  representative  of  the  Govern 
ment  and  of  law  in  these  two  rich  parishes,  this 
young  officer,  but  eighteen  years  of  age,  arranged  the 
questions  of  restoration  of  plantations — the  largest  in 
the  South — to  their  owners,  providing  for  the  labor 
and  protection  of  the  freedmen,  and  controlled  all 
questions  concerning  the  people  and  property,  so  as 
to  soon  restore  order  and  quiet. 

In  November,  1865,  he  was  appointed  Captain  of 
Independent  Company  of  Pontoniers  (white),  De 
partment  of  the  Gulf. 

In  1866  Captain  Houston  was  offered  an  ap 
pointment  as  Cadet  at  the  Military  Academy,  and 
also  a  commission  in  the  regular  service,  which  were 
declined. 

After  his  war  service  was  over  he  entered  the 
employment  of  the  Engineer  Department,  United 
States  Army,  and  has  remained  continuously  engaged 
in  this  Department  up  to  the  present  time,  serving 
on  the  New  England  Coast  and  on  works  connected 
with  the  Great  Lakes  and  rivers  of  the  Northwest, 
living  at  Newport,  Rhode  Island,  Chicago,  and  Mil 
waukee. 

Captain  Houston  is  a  Companion  of  the  Loyal 
Legion  of  the  United  States,  through  the  Com- 
mandery  of  Wisconsin,  and  has  served  as  member  of 
Council,  Chancellor,  and  Junior  Vice-Commander,  and 
as  Recorder  from  May,  1889,  until  the  present  time. 


250 


Major-General  HENRY  WARE  LAWTON. 

United  States    Volunteers. 

Was  born  at  Toledo,  Ohio,  on  March  17,  1843. 
Entered  Methodist  Episcopal  College  at  Fort  Wayne, 
Ind.,  but  left  in  1861  to  enlist  in  a  company  which 
became  a  part  of  the  Ninth  Indiana  Volunteers,  serv 
ing  as  First  Sergeant,  and  seeing  active  service  in 
West  Virginia ;  mustered  out  at  Fort  Wayne,  July 
29 ;  three  weeks  later  commissioned  Lieutenant,  and 
joined  the  Army  of  the  Ohio  in  Kentucky ;  partici 
pated  in  battles  at  Shiloh  and  Chickamauga ;  pro 
moted  Captain,  May  17,  1802.  August  3,  1864,  while 
serving  as  Captain  of  Company  A,  led  a  charge  of 
skirmishes  against  the  enemy's  rifle  pits  in  Atlanta, 
Ga.,  capturing  them  and  repelling  two  desperate 
efforts  to  retake  them  ;  promoted  Lieutenant-Colonel, 
November  15  ;  displayed  great  bravery  at  Nashville 
and  Franklin,  and  March  3,  1865,  was  made  Brevet- 
Colonel  for  gallant  conduct ;  honorably  mustered  out, 
November  25.  He  then  studied  law  at  Fort  Wayne, 
Ind.,  and  later  entered  Harvard  Law  School,  but  on 
July  28,  1866,  was  appointed  Second  Lieutenant  of 
the  Forty-first  Infantry  (colored)  of  the  regular 
Army;  made  First  Lieutenant,  July  31,  1867  ;  trans 
ferred  to  the  Twenty-fourth  United  States  Cavalry, 
November  n,  1869;  to  the  Fourth  United  States 
Cavalry,  January  i,  1871  ;  promoted  to  Captain, 
March  20,  1879,  and  at  that  time  was  serving  in  Ari 
zona  and  New  Mexico.  In  1886,  after  a  march  of 


MAJOR-GENERAL    HENRY    WARE    LAWTON. 
UNITED    STATES    VOLUNTEERS. 


253 

1,300  miles  over  the  Sierra  Madre  Mountains  into 
Mexico,  defeated  Geronimo  and  his  band  of  Apaches, 
and  brought  peace  to  Arizona  and  New  Mexico ;  in 
recognition  of  this  promoted  to  Major  and  Inspector 
General,  September  17,  1888;  February  12,  1889, 
promoted  Lieutenant-Colonel ;  appointed  Brigadier- 
General  of  Volunteers,  May  4,  1898  ;  and  assigned 
to  command  the  Second  Division  of  the  Fifth  Army 
Corps  under  General  Shafter,  July  i ;  appointed  Major- 
General  of  Volunteers  July  n,  1898;  chosen  to  lead 
the  advance  on  Santiago,  and  about  this  time  was 
made  Colonel  in  the  regular  Army  ;  on  the  surrender 
of  Santiago  was  appointed  Military  Governor  of  the 
city  and  province ;  returned  to  the  United  States  in 
October,  1898,  and  was  placed  in  command  of  the 
Fourth  Army  Corps  at  Huntsville,  Ala.;  in  Decem 
ber  assigned  to  service  in  the  Philippines,  and  Jan 
uary  19,  1899,  left  San  Francisco  with  1,307  men  of 
the  Fourth  Infantry ;  on  his  arrival  at  Manila  re 
lieved  General  Anderson,  in  command  of  the  regu 
lars  ;  captured  Santa  Cruza,  a  Filippino  stronghold, 
on  April  10,  and  San  Rafael  and  San  Isidro  on 
May  15  ;  June  i  placed  in  command  of  the  defences 
of  Manila,  and  drove  Aguinaldo  before  him  ;  Decem 
ber  19,  1899,  was  sn°t  while  attacking  the  town  of 
San  Mateo,  Luzon.  At  the  time  he  was  killed  his 
commission  as  Brigadier-General  in  the  regular 
Army  was  ready  to  go  to  the  Senate  for  confirmation. 


254 


Surgeon  General  WALKER  WYMAN. 

Public  Health  and  Marine  Hospital  Service. 

Is  now  fifty-six  years  of  age,  having  been  born 
in  St.  Louis,  August  14,  1848.  He  received  his  early 
education  at  the  City  University,  whence  he  proceeded 
to  Ainherst  College  where  he  received  the  degree  of 
A.  B.  in  1870,  and  later  the  degree  of  A.  M.  The 
St.  Louis  Medical  College  was  the  scene  of  his  pro 
fessional  preparation,  conferring  the  degree  of  Doctor 
of  Medicine  upon  him  in  1873,  a  preparation  which 
was  further  developed  by  two  years'  work  in  the  hos 
pitals  of  St.  Louis. 

Soon  after  this  Dr.  Wyman  entered  upon  his  life 
work  proper  by  accepting  an  appointment  as  Assis 
tant  Surgeon  in  the  Marine  Hospital  Service.  He 
received  promotion  to  the  rank  of  Surgeon  in  1877, 
and  served  successively  at  St.  Louis,  Cincinnati, 
Baltimore  and  New  York,  after  which  he  was  sum 
moned  to  the  headquarters  of  his  Corps  at  Washing 
ton,  where  he  served  continually  until  he  succeeded  to 
the  command  of  it.  During  this  time  he  had  charge 
of  the  publication  of  sanitary  reports  and  statistics, 
and  produced  many  important  works  pertaining  to 
this  subject.  The  Purveying  Department  was  also 
under  his  direction  and  by  him  brought  to  a  high  de 
gree  of  excellence.  His  main  duty,  however,  and  the 
work  to  which,  in  the  latter  part  of  the  period  previ 
ous  to  his  appointment  as  Surgeon  General  in  1891, 
his  time  was  exclusively  devoted,  was  the  supervision 


SURGEON     GENERAL    WALKER     WYMAN. 
PUBLIC  HEALTH   AND   MARINE    HOSPITAL    SERVICE. 


257 

of  the  Quarantine  Department  of  the  Marine  Hospi 
tal  Service. 

General  Wyman  has  evinced  especial  interest 
during  his  entire  career  in  the  humanitarian  side  of 
his  work,  having  devoted  especial  attention  to  the 
physical  conditions  affecting  seamen  of  the  merchant 
marine.  He  brought  before  the  public  the  cruelties 
inflicted  upon  the  crews  of  oyster  vessels  in  Chesa 
peake  Bay,  and  established  hospitals  for  the  treat 
ment  of  their  sick  and  injured.  He  secured  an  act 
for  the  relief  of  deck  hands  on  western  rivers.  He 
established  even  before  his  appointment  as  Surgeon 
General  a  Hygienic  Laboratory  which  has  since  de 
veloped  into  one  of  the  most  important  sanitary  in 
stitutions  of  the  country,  resulting  in  many  investi 
gations  of  the  highest  importance  to  public  health. 


258 


Surgeon    General    PRESLEY    MARION   RIXEY. 

United  States  Navy. 

The  inevitable  change  consequent  upon  the 
progress  of  time  brought  to  the  head  of  the  Naval 
Medical  Department  one  of  its  most  distinguished 
and  capable  officers  in  the  person  of  Rear  Admiral 
Presley  Marion  Rixey,  who  was  appointed  Surgeon 
General  on  the  loth  of  February,  1902.  Admiral 
Rixey  was  born  in  Culpeper  County,  Virginia,  on 
the  1 4th  of  July,  1852,  and  received  his  early  educa 
tion  at  schools  in  Culpeper  and  Warren  ton.  His 
family  identified  itself  with  the  Confederate  cause 
during  the  Civil  War,  which  brought  financial  ruin 
upon  its  members  in  company  with  so  large  a  propor 
tion  of  our  old  southern  families.  Undaunted  by 
difficulties,  however,  he  sought  and  achieved  an  edu 
cation,  both  general  and  professional,  receiving  the 
doctorate  in  medicine  from  the  University  of  Virginia 
in  1873.  He  then  undertook  to  extend  his  practical 
acquaintance  with  his  profession  by  attendance  upon 
clinics  and  hospitals  in  Philadelphia  during  the  re 
mainder  of  the  year,  presenting  himself  before  the 
Naval  Bxamining  Board  early  in  1874  as  a  candidate 
for  appointment  in  the  Medical  Corps  of  the  Navy. 

He  was  commissioned  Assistant  Surgeon  in  the 
Navy  on  the  28th  of  January,  1874,  and  set  out  upon 
that  long  period  of  service  which  has  just  been 
crowned  with  the  highest  honors  attainable  in  his 
corps.  He  was  first  assigned  to  duty  on  the  receiv 
ing  ship  Sabine,  but  soon  transferred  to  the  Con- 


SURGEON     GENERAL     PRESLEY     MARION     RIXEY. 
UNITED     STATES     NAVY. 


26l 


gress,  then  on  the  European  station,  and  later  at  the 
Centennial  Exposition  at  Philadelphia,  where  she 
represented  the  Navy.  He  was  detached  in  1876  and 
ordered  to  the  Philadelphia  Naval  Hospital,  where  he 
remained  until  he  passed  his  examination  for  promo 
tion  to  the  grade  of  Passed  Assistant  Surgeon  in  1877. 
He  then  took  station  at  the  Norfolk  (Va.)  Navy 
Yard  as  Attending  Surgeon,  where  he  served  until 
assigned  to  a  three  years'  tour  of  special  duty  on  the 
Tallapoosa  in  1879.  He  was  on  the  flagship  Lancas 
ter  from  1884  to  1887  on  the  European  and  South 
Atlantic  stations,  and  on  the  Dolphin  from  1893  to 
1896.  During  the  Spanish  War  he  applied  for  active 
sea  duty,  but  his  services  were  deemed  so  essential 
in  Washington  that  he  could  be  spared  only  to 
make  a  brief  voyage  to  Cuba  on  the  ambulance  ship 
Solace.  The  twelve  years  of  service  not  enumerated 
above  were  passed  on  special  duty  as  Attending  Stir 
geon  at  Washington.  In  1888  he  was  promoted  to 
the  grade  of  Surgeon,  and  in  1900  to  that  of  Medical 
Inspector. 

During  his  long  service  in  Washington  he  has 
been  honored  with  the  confidence  of  many  of  the 
most  prominent  men  of  the  country,  and  for  the  last 
eight  years  has  been  Physician  to  the  Executive 
Mansion.  It  was  in  especial  recognition  of  the  value 
of  his  distinguished  services  in  the  latter  capacity 
that  President  McKinley  promised  him  the  Surgeon- 
Generalcy  of  the  Navy  when  the  next  vacancy  should 
occur,  a  promise  which  President  Roosevelt  fulfilled. 
In  connection  with  his  duty  at  the  Executive  Man 
sion,  it  became  necessary  for  him  to  accompany  the 
President  upon  all  journeys  taken  by  the  Chief  Exec- 


262 

utive,  and  thus  it  happened  that  he  was  in  Buffalo 
when  President  McKinley  was  assassinated.  He  had 
been  detailed  by  the  President  to  accompany  Mrs. 
McKinley  to  the  Milburn  House,  whilst  he  received 
the  people,  so  that  he  was  not  immediately  at  hand 
when  the  President  was  shot,  but  was  promptly  sum 
moned,  so  that  he  was  present  and  assisted  with  the 
operation,  and  took  official  charge  of  the  case.  Here 
he  displayed  in  the  highest  degree  those  qualities 
which  evidenced  not  only  professional  acquirements 
of  an  extensive  range,  but  executive  ability  and  diplo 
matic  faculties  of  a  remarkable  character.  The  skill 
and  devotion  which  he  displayed  in  the  management 
of  the  case  of  the  President,  and  the  almost  equally 
exacting  case  of  the  President's  invalid  wife,  won  for 
him  the  admiration  and  affection  of  the  entire  country. 

Admiral  Rixey  is  a  member  of  the  American 
Medical  Association,  and  a  member  by  invitation  of 
the  Washington  (I).  C.)  Medical  Society.  He  has 
been  an  active  member  of  the  Association  of  Military 
Surgeons  since  1895. 

On  the  occasion  of  an  explosion  on  the  Spanish 
Caravel,  Santa  Maria,  in  the  harbor  of  New  York  in 
1893,  he  rendered  prompt  and  generous  assistance  to 
the  officers  and  crew  of  the  vessel,  a  courtesy  which 
the  King  of  Spain,  Alfonso  XIII,  recognized  by 
decorating  him  with  the  Order  of  Naval  Merit. 

The  accession  of  Admiral  Rixey  augurs  good 
fortune  for  the  Naval  Service,  and  particularly  for 
the  Medical  Department,  which  is  sure  to  be  devel 
oped  and  advanced  by  the  sagacity,  tact  and  ability 
which  has  characterized  all  the  official  acts  of  his  suc 
cessful  career. 


MAJOR    WILLIAM     H.     LAMBERT. 


Major  WILLIAM  H.  LAMBERT. 


Was  born  in  Reading,  Pennsylvania,  May  9, 
1842,  his  parents  removing  during  his  early  youth  to 
Philadelphia.  He  received  his  early  education  in  the 
public  schools  of  Philadelphia,  and  was  graduated 
from  the  high  school  of  that  city  in  1859  as  the  vale 
dictorian  of  his  class.  Shortly  before  the  commence 
ment  of  the  Civil  War  he  began  the  study  of  law, 
but  his  spirit  of  patriotism  led  him  to  abandon  his 
chosen  profession  for  the  time  being  and  to  enter  the 
military  service,  which  he  did,  by  enlisting  as  a  Pri 
vate  in  the  Fifteenth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  August 
1 8,  1862,  his  first  service  being  in  Pennsylvania  and 
Maryland  during  Lee's  first  invasion.  He  partici 
pated  in  the  battle  of  Antietam,  which  occurred  on 
the  i  yth  of  September,  1862.  At  the  close  of  this 
campaign  his  regiment  was  transferred  to  Louisville, 
Kentucky,  where,  on  November  24,  1862,  he  was  hon 
orably  mustered  out,  and  commissioned  as  First  Lieu 
tenant  and  Adjutant  of  the  Twenty-seventh  New  Jer 
sey  Volunteers,  forming  a  part  of  the  Ninth  Corps  of 
the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  He  was  present  at  the 
battle  of  Fredericksburg,  December  13,  1862,  in  which 
his  regiment  bore  a  conspicuous  part.  On  July  13, 
1863,  Lieutenant  Lambert  was  mustered  out,  and  im 
mediately  re-entered  the  service  as  First  Lieutenant 
and  Adjutant  of  the  Thirty-third  New  Jersey  Volun 
teers,  which  regiment  was  assigned  to  the  Eleventh 


266 


Corps  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  in  September  of 
the  same  year.  This  corps,  with  the  Twelfth, 
was  soon  afterward  transferred  to  the  West  under 
General  Hooker,  partaking  in  the  memorable  battles 
around  Chattanooga,  in  one  of  which  Lieutenant 
Lambert  had  his  horse  killed  under  him,  and  subse 
quently  in  the  campaign  for  the  relief  of  the  force 
under  General  Burnside  at  Knoxville. 

On  January  6,  1864,  Lieutenant  Lambert  re 
ceived  his  commission  as  Captain,  and  was  appointed 
Aide-de-Camp  on  the  staff  of  Brigadier  General 
Geary,  commanding  the  Second  Division  of  the 
Twentieth  Army  Corps — the  Eleventh  and  Twelfth 
Corps  having  been  consolidated  as  the  Twelfth  under 
General  Hooker — and  he  was  soon  afterward  assigned 
to  the  responsible  position  of  Inspector  General  on 
the  same  officer's  staff. 

Captain  Lambert  took  an  active  part  in  the  At 
lanta  campaign  under  General  Sherman,  and  in  a 
severe  engagement  at  Pine  Hill  had  his  horse  killed 
under  him.  He  was  with  his  division  throughout 
Sherman's  famous  march  to  the  sea,  and  in  the  im- 
,  mediately  subsequent  campaign  from  Goldsborough  to 
Raleigh,  North  Carolina,  terminating  in  the  surren 
der  of  the  Confederate  force  under  General  Joseph  E. 
Johnston.  He  accompanied  his  division  in  its  north 
ward  march,  and  participated  in  the  grand  review  at 
Washington  that  celebrated  the  close  of  the  war. 
Upon  the  disbandment  of  General  Sherman's  Army, 
he  decided  to  remain  in  active  service,  and  was  as 
signed  to  the  staff  of  General  Wilcox,  commanding 
the  District  of  Washington,  remaining  on  that  duty 
until  July  17,  1865,  when  he  was  honorably  mustered 


267 

out  of  the  service,  having  received  the  brevet  of  Ma 
jor,  March  13,  1865,  for  "gallant  and  meritorious 
conduct  during  the  war."  He  was  also  awarded  a 
medal  of  honor  "  for  distinguished  services  during 
the  War  of  the  Rebellion." 

Upon  the  conclusion  of  Major  Lambert's  active 
military  duties  he  immediately  entered  upon  an  active 
business  career  with  the  General  Agency  of  the  Mu 
tual  Life  Insurance  Company  of  New  York  at  Phila 
delphia.  Through  his  energy  and  close  attention  to 
the  interests  of  the  company  he  was  admitted  to  a 
partnership  in  the  management  of  the  Agency  in 
1872,  and  in  1887  was  made  General  Manager. 

Major  Lambert  has  always  retained  his  military 
ardor,  and  is  prominently  identified  with  several  mil 
itary  organizations.  He  is  a  member  of  Post  No.  2, 
Grand  Army  of  the  Republic  of  Pennsylvania,  and 
of  the  Commandery  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania, 
Military  Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion,  of  which  he  was 
Junior  Vice-Commander  in  1887-88.  He  is  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Union  League,  the  Art,  Penn  and  United 
Service  Clubs,  and  is  Treasurer  of  the  Mercantile 
Library  Association.  In  1872  he  delivered  the  Me 
morial  Day  address  before  Post  No.  2  of  the  Grand 
Army  of  the  Republic  of  Philadelphia,  and  his  ad 
dress  was  so  favorably  commented  upon  that  his  ser 
vices  have  since  been  frequently  in  demand  for  simi 
lar  occasions  and  at  military  reunions.  Among  the 
more  notable  of  his  productions  in  this  line  are  that 
on  "  The  American  Navy,"  at  the  Grant  Camp  Fire 
in  the  Philadelphia  Academy  of  Music  in  1879  ;  that 
at  the  unveiling  of  the  monument  in  the  National 
Cemetery  at  Antietam  in  iSSo;  the  eulogy  on  Gen- 


268 


eral  Meade  before  the  Department  of  Pennsylvania 
Encampment,  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  in  1880; 
the  memorial  oration  at  the  Arlington,  Virginia, 
National  Cemetery  in  1883  ;  the  annual  oration  be 
fore  the  Society  of  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland  in 
1884,  his  theme  being  on  that  occasion  Major  Gen 
eral  George  H.  Thomas,  and  the  eulogy  on  General 
Hancock  at  Gettysburg,  on  Memorial  Day  in  1886. 

Major  Lambert  has  always  been  held  in  the 
highest  esteem  by  his  fellow  citizens,  and  has  been 
intrusted  with  important  trusts.  In  1892  he  was  ap 
pointed  a  member  of  the  Board  having  in  charge  the 
public  charities  of  Philadelphia,  and  in  September  of 
the  same  year  he  was  made  President  of  the  Depart 
ment,  a  position  of  honor  and  of  great  responsibility 
in  the  wide  exercise  of  a  true  philanthropy. 


COLONEL     DAVID     BREMER     HENDERSON. 


271 


Colonel  DAVID  BREMER  HENDERSON. 

As  a  brave  soldier,  an  able  political  leader,  and  a 
learned  advocate,  has  attained  a  prominence  in  the 
annals  of  his  country  reached  by  comparatively  few. 
Born  in  Scotland,  March  14,  1840,  he  came  with  his 
parents  to  this  country  at  the  early  age  of  six  years. 
The  family  located  in  Illinois  for  three  years,  and  in 
1849  removed  to  Iowa.  Young  Henderson  worked 
on  his  father's  farm,  near  Dubuque,  attending  the 
public  schools,  and  preparing  himself  for  the  course 
in  the  Upper  Iowa  University  with  which  he  com 
pleted  his  education.  He  had  already  chosen  the  pro 
fession  of  the  law  while  at  the  University,  but  his 
entry  in  this  career  was  interrupted  by  the  breaking 
out  of  the  Civil  War.  In  September,  1861,  a  few 
months  after  he  had  passed  his  twenty-first  year,  he 
enlisted  as  a  Private  in  Company  C  of  the  Twelfth 
Regiment  of  Iowa  Volunteers.  His  zeal  and  intelli 
gence  in  the  discharge  of  his  duties  soon  brought  him 
under  the  favorable  notice  of  his  superiors,  and  he 
was  made  First  Lieutenant  of  his  company.  He 
served  with  distinction  at  the  battle  of  Fort  Donel- 
son,  under  General  Grant,  and  was  severely  wounded 
in  the  assault,  February  14,  1862.  For  his  conspicu 
ous  gallantry  in  this  action  he  was  promoted  to  the 
grade  of  Captain.  He  returned  to  his  command  in 
time  to  participate  in  the  battle  of  Corinth  in  Octo 
ber  of  the  same  year,  in  which  engagement  he  was  so 
seriously  wounded  as  to  cause  the  loss  of  a  leg.  In 
consequence  of  the  severity  of  this  wound  he  was 
honorably  mustered  out  of  the  service  in  February, 
1863,  and  in  May  following  was  appointed  Commis- 


272 

sioner  of  the  Board  of  Enrollment  for  the  Third  Dis 
trict  of  Iowa.  This  position  he  held  until  June, 
1864,  when  he  again  entered  the  military  service, 
having  been  commissioned  as  Colonel  of  the  Forty- 
sixth  Regiment  of  Iowa  Volunteers.  He  served  with 
this  regiment  until  the  close  of  the  war.  Having 
made  his  preliminary  studies  of  the  law  while  at  the 
University,  he  completed  his  course  in  the  law  office 
of  Bissell  &  Shiras  of  Dubuque,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  the  latter  part  of  1865.  A  short  time  sub 
sequent  to  his  admission  he  was  appointed  Collector 
of  Internal  Revenue  for  the  Third  District  of  Iowa, 
filling  the  position  until  June,  1869,  when  he  re 
signed,  and  entered  the  law  firm  of  Shiras,  Van 
Duzee  &  Henderson.  He  was  appointed  Assistant 
United  States  District  Attorney  for  the  Northern  Di 
vision  of  the  District  of  Iowa,  which  office  he  held 
for  two  years,  resigning  in  1871.  His  prominence  as 
a  political  leader  at  this  period  became  assured,  and 
his  successful  leadership  was  attested  by  his  selection 
as  Chairman  of  the  Republican  delegation  in  three 
successive  National  conventions.  He  was  elected  to 
Congress  from  the  Third  Iowa  Congressional  District 
in  1883,  and  represented  the  District  from  the  Forty- 
eighth  to  the  Fifty-eighth  Congress  without  interrup 
tion.  He  served  as  Speaker  of  the  House  during  the 
Fifty-sixth  and  Fifty-seventh  Congresses.  He  was 
renominated  in  1892,  but  declined  further  service  in 
the  Lower  House.  General  Henderson's  retirement 
from  active  political  life  was  strongly  opposed  by 
many  of  the  prominent  members  of  the  party 
who  had  predicted  still  higher  political  preferment. 
General  Henderson  resumed  the  practice  of  his  pro 
fession  in  Dubuque,  where  he  is  meeting  with  the 
success  that  is  commensurate  with  his  great  abilities. 


COMMANDER     CHARLES     E.     COLAHAN. 
UNITED    STATES     NAVY. 


275 


Commander  CHARLES  E.  COLAHAN. 

United  States  Navy. 

Was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  and  was  ap 
pointed  to  the  Naval  Academy  from  that  State  in 
1865.  He  served  his  country  faithfully  and  well 
from  the  date  of  his  appointment  to  the  time  of  his 
death  in  1904.  During  his  long  career  in  the  Navy 
it  may  truly  be  said  of  him  that  he  never  evaded  duty 
no  matter  how  disagreeable.  He  was  actively  em 
ployed  during  his  entire  period  of  service  in  most 
conspicuous  duties,  being  Executive  Officer  of  the 
Detroit  during  the  war  with  Spain,  and  as  Com 
mandant  of  Cadets  at  the  Naval  Academy  from  1900 
to  1904. 

It  has  been  the  lot  of  few  men  to  have  made  and 
kept  so  many  friends.  Known  throughout  the 
Navy  by  young  and  old,  to  the  young  officer  he 
was  the  beau  ideal  of  what  a  Naval  officer  should  be. 
He  displayed  in  his  life  that  high  sense  of  duty  and 
loyalty  which,  combined  with  courtesy  and  considera 
tion  for  others,  ever  resulted  in  the  best  work  enthu 
siastically  performed.  To  the  older  members  of  the 
service  he  was  a  loved  friend  on  whom,  in  official  and 
in  private  life,  the  fullest  dependence  was  placed. 

In  him  the  Navy  had  a  devoted  servant  whose 
aim  from  youth  up  was  to  advance  its  interest  and  to 
add  to  its  efficiency.  He  left  a  memory  of  priceless 
value  to  his  country  and  to  his  service. 


276 


Rear  Admiral  THOMAS  H.  STEVENS. 

Was  born  in  Honolulu,  Sandwich  Islands.  Son 
of  the  late  Rear  Admiral  Thomas  H.  Stevens,  and 
grandson  of  Thomas  Holdup  Stevens.  Appointed  to 
Naval  Academy,  1863,  by  President  Lincoln,  from 
among  sons  of  officers ;  graduated,  1868 ;  1868—9, 
Pacific  Fleet,  steamer  Resaca,  Mexican  and  Lower 
California  coasts  ;  Mohican,  on  scientific  expedition 
to  Siberia  for  observation  of  total  eclipse  of  sun, 
August,  1869.  Promoted  to  Ensign,  July  22,  1869; 
Michigan  and  Colorado,  1869-70.  Promoted  to  Mas 
ter,  1870;  on  duty  in  Pacific  Squadron,  1870-3,  flag 
ship  Ossipee  and  sloop  Cyane ;  while  attached  to 
latter  ship,  participated  in  survey  of  Isthmus  of 
Tehuantepec  for  construction  of  Interoceanic  Canal ; 
temporarily  attached  to  Jamestown  ;  flagship  Pensa- 
cola,  1872-3,  in  South  Pacific;  May,  1873,  com 
manded  a  company  of  "  blue  jackets "  during  the 
temporary  occupation  of  Panama  by  armed  forces 
from  Pensacola  and  Tuscarora,  for  protection  of 
American  interests  in  time  of  a  rebellion  ;  latter  part 
of  1873,  duty  at  Navy  Yard,  Norfolk,  Va.;  Novem 
ber,  1873,  Navigator  of  torpedo-boat  Mayflower,  at 
time  of  Spanish-American  complications.  Commis 
sioned  as  Lieutenant,  January  23,  1874 ;  flagship 
Franklin,  European  Station,  1874-6;  Marion,  same 
Station,  October,  1876,  to  April,  1877;  Executive 
Officer,  receiving-ship  Passaic,  1878 ;  Torpedo  Sta 
tion,  Newport;  1879-80,  flagship  Richmond,  Asiatic 
Station;  1 88 1,  Fleet  Signal  Officer,  Pacific  Station  ; 


REAR    ADMIRAL    THOMAS3IH.    STEVENS. 


279 

1 88 2,  duty  at  Navy  Department  (War  Records); 
same  year,  Miantonomoh  and  Galena;  1884-6,  Asi 
atic  Station;  Ranger,  Pacific  Station  (Behring  Sea), 
November,  1891,  to  June,  1893  ;  Yorktown,  Behring 
Sea  and  Asiatic  Station,  May,  1894,  to  July,  1895. 
Lieutenant-Commander,  February  2,  1896 ;  Cincin 
nati,  North  Atlantic  and  European  Stations,  May, 
1896,  to  August.  1897  5  Norfolk  Navy  Yard,  Septem 
ber,  1897,  Philadelphia,  July,  1898.  Promoted  Com 
mander,  March  29,  1899,  and  to  Captain  in  1904  ; 
Navy  Yard,  Norfolk,  November  2,  1899  5  command 
ing  Manila,  July  16,  1900,  where  he  remained  on 
duty  until  February  n,  1905,  when  at  his  own  re 
quest  he  was  retired  with  the  rank  of  Rear  Admiral. 
As  Executive  Officer  of  the  flagship  Philadelphia,  he 
commanded  the  Naval  battalion  and  Hawaiian  Na 
tional  Guard  on  the  occasion  of  the  substitution  of 
the  United  States  for  the  Hawaiian  flags,  a  singular 
coincidence,  as  he  was  at  the  time  the  only  native  of 
Honolulu  who  was  a  commissioned  officer  of  the 
United  States  Navy. 

During  the  war  in  the  Philippines  he  com 
manded  the  gunboat  Manila  for  eighteen  months, 
only  relinquishing  his  command  at  the  instance  of  a 
Medical  Board  of  Survey. 

After  service  at  the  Mare  Island  and  Puget 
Sound  Navy  Yards — Captain  of  the  Yard  at  the  lat 
ter — he  attended  the  course  at  the  Naval  War  Col 
lege — summer  of  1903 — and  was  then  ordered  as 
Captain  of  the  Yard  at  the  Pensacola  Navy  Yard, 
Warrington,  Fla. 


2  80 


Major  General  JOHN  A.  DIX. 

United  States    Volunteers. 

Was  born  in  Boscawen,  New  Hampshire,  July 
24,  1798;  died  in  New  York  City,  April  21,  1879. 
In  December,  1812,  lie  was  appointed  Cadet,  and,  go 
ing  to  Baltimore,  aided  his  father,  Major  Timothy 
Dix,  of  the  Fourteenth  United  States  Infantry,  and 
also  studied  at  St.  Ma^'s  College.  He  was  made 
Ensign  in  1813,  and  accompanied  his  regiment,  tak 
ing  part  in  the  operations  on  the  Canadian  frontier. 
Subsequently  he  served  in  the  Twenty-first  Infantry 
at  Fort  Constitution,  New  Hampshire,  where  he  be 
came  Second  Lieutenant  in  March,  1814,  and  in 
August  was  transferred  to  the  Third  Artillery,  and 
stationed  at  Fortress  Monroe ;  but  continuous  ill 
health  led  him  to  resign  his  commission  in  the  Army 
July  29,  1828,  after  attaining  the  rank  of  Captain. 

He  then  began  the  practice  of  law.  From  1845 
till  1849  ne  was  United  States  Senator  from  New 
York,  and  in  1861  served  as  President  Buchanan's 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury.  At  the  beginning  of  the 
Civil  War  he  took  an  active  part,  and  he  organized 
and  sent  to  the  front  seventeen  regiments,  and  was 
appointed  one  of  the  four  Major  Generals  to  com 
mand  the  New  York  State  forces.  In  June  following 
he  was  commissioned  Major  General,  and  ordered  to 
Washington  by  General  Scott  to  command  the  Ar 
lington  and  Alexandria  Department.  Afterwards 
was  sent  to  Baltimore  to  command  the  Maryland  De- 


MAJOR     GENERAL    JOHN    A.     DIX. 
UNITED    STATES     VOLUNTEERS. 


partment,  and  by  his  energetic  and  judicious  meas 
ures  that  State  was  prevented  from  going  over  to  the 
Confederate  cause.  In  May,  1862,  he  was  sent  from 
Baltimore  to  Fortress  Monroe,  and  in  the  summer  of 
1863,  after  the  trouble  connected  with  the  draft  riots, 
he  was  transferred  to  New  York  as  Commander  of 
the  Department  of  the  East,  which  place  he  held  un 
til  the  close  of  the  war.  In  1872  he  was  elected  Gov 
ernor  of  the  State  of  New  York.  He  was  a  man  of 
very  large  reading  and  thorough  culture,  spoke  sev 
eral  languages  fluently,  and  was  distinguished  for 
proficiency  in  classical  studies,  and  for  ability  and 
elegance  as  an  orator. 


284 


Medical  Director  GEORGE  PECK. 

United  States  Navy. 

Was  born  at  Orange,  New  Jersey ;  graduated  at 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York, 
March  6,  1847;  received  June  27,  1857,  honorary  de 
gree  of  A.  M.  from  College  of  New  Jersey  ;  examined 
by  Board  of  Naval  Medical  Officers,  and  found  quali 
fied  for  appointment,  January  3,  1851.  Commis 
sioned  Assistant  Surgeon,  February  25,  1851  ;  or 
dered  to  the  Cyane,  Home  Squadron,  August  23, 
1851  ;  cruised  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  Caribbean  Sea 
and  West  Indies ;  crossed  the  Isthmus  of  Panama 
before  the  construction  of  the  railroad  ;  assisted  the 
survivors  of  Strain's  Expedition  to  Darien  ;  journeyed 
to  the  Pacific,  via  the  San  Juan  River  and  Lake  Ni 
caragua  to  San  Juan  del  Sur ;  carried  dispatches  to 
the  United  States  Minister  at  Leon,  and  visited  the 
principal  cities  and  towns  of  Nicaragua ;  participated 
in  the  bombardment  of  San  Juan  del  Norte  ;  detached 
from  the  Cyane,  September  i,  1854  ;  ordered  to  the 
Naval  Rendezvous,  New  York,  September  13,  1854; 
detached,  October  15,  1855  ;  examined  and  recom 
mended  for  promotion,  April  10,  1856;  ordered  to 
frigate  St.  Lawrence,  Brazil  Station,  September  20, 
1856;  joined  the  Paraguay  Expedition;  detached 
from  the  St.  Lawrence,  May  n,  1859  ;  ordered  to  the 
receiving-ship  North  Carolina,  New  York,  July  2, 
1859 ;  detached  and  ordered  to  the  steam  sloop-of-war 
Seminole,  Brazil  Station,  March  9,  1860.  Commis- 


MEDICAL     DIRECTOR     GEORGE     PECK. 
UNITED     STATES     NAVY. 


287 

sioned  Surgeon,  May  30,  1861  ;  returned  to  the 
United  States  in  the  Seminole,  and  joined  the  North 
Atlantic  Blockading  Fleet ;  served  on  the  Potomac 
River  during  the  attempted  blockade  by  rebel  batter 
ies,  and  took  part  in  the  capture  of  Port  Royal,  Fer- 
nandina  and  Norfolk,  and  the  batteries  at  Sewell's 
Point ;  witnessed  the  burning  of  the  rebel  ram  Mer- 
rimac ;  detached  from  the  Seminole,  July  9,  1862; 
ordered  to  the  Marine  Rendezvous,  New  York,  Aug 
ust  1 6,  1862  ;  detached,  September  24,  1864,  and 
ordered  to  the  Dictator,  North  Atlantic  Blockading 
Fleet;  detached,  September  2,  1865,  and  ordered  to 
the  Vanderbilt,  convoy  of  the  Monadnock,  via  Strait 
of  Magellan,  to  San  Francisco  ;  en  route  witnessed 
the  bombardment  of  Valparaiso  and  Callao  by  the 
Spaniards  ;  volunteered  to  aid  in  care  of  the  wounded 
after  the  action  at  Callao,  and  assisted  the  medical 
officer  in  charge  aboard  the  Villa  de  Madrid,  of  the 
Spanish  Fleet ;  visited  the  Peruvian  Hospital  ashore, 
and  tendered  service  to  the  medical  officer  in  charge  ; 
detached,  June  28,  1866,  and  accompanied  Commodore 
John  Rodgers  from  San  Francisco  to  the  Atlantic 
Coast  before  the  completion  of  the  railway,  escorted 
by  a  squadron  of  United  States  Cavalry  ;  ordered  to 
Navy  Yard.  New  York,  April  i,  1867;  detached, 
May  20,  1869,  and  ordered  to  the  frigate  Sabine, 
May  25,  1869;  received  aboard  from  the  Naval  Acad 
emy,  the  graduated  class  of  midshipmen,  and  sailed 
on  a  practice-cruise  to  Europe  and  Brazil ;  detached, 
July  28,  1870 ;  ordered  to  the  Navy  Yard,  New  York, 
September  15,  1870.  Commissioned  Medical  Inspec 
tor,  May  28,  1871;  detached,  May  n,  1872,  and 
ordered  to  the  North  Atlantic  Fleet ;  reported  on 


288 


board  the  flagship  Worcester,  at  Key  West,  for  duty 
as  Surgeon  of  the  Fleet ;  detached,  December  26, 
1873  ;  ordered  as  member  of  the  Retiring  Board  and 
for  examination  of  officers  for  promotion,  Washing 
ton,  February  25,  1874  ;  detached  April  10,  1877,  and 
appointed  member  of  Naval  Medical  Examining 
Board,  December  i,  1877  ;  ordered  to  examination  for 
promotion,  January  14,  1878.  Commissioned  Medi- 
ical  Director,  of  the  grade  of  Captain,  from  Janu 
ary  7,  1878  ;  detached  and  ordered,  April  30,  1879,  as 
member  of  Retiring  Board  and  President  of  Medical 
Examining  Boaid;  detached,  and  ordered  as  Presi 
dent  of  Board  of  Physical  Examination  of  officers 
for  promotion,  September  3,  1879;  detached,  Febru 
ary  29,  1880,  and  ordered  as  member  of  Naval  Medical 
Examining  Board,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  March  i,  1880; 
ordered  Medical  Director  of  Naval  Hospital,  Mare 
Island,  California,  July  2,  1880;  detached  October  8, 
1883,  and  on  leave ;  ordered  as  member  of  Naval 
Board  of  Inspection  and  Survey,  December  15,  1883, 
and  detached,  June  3,  1885,  and  on  waiting  orders  ; 
ordered  as  member  of  Court  of  Inquiry,  Washington, 
June  20,  1884;  court  dissolved,  December  31,  1884; 
ordered  as  delegate  from  Medical  Department  of  the 
Navy  to  annual  meeting  of  American  Medical  Asso 
ciation,  April  9,  1884,  Washington,  and  April  23, 
1885,  at  New  Orleans  ;  ordered  as  delegate  to  repre 
sent  the  Medical  Department  of  the  Navy  at  the 
Ninth  International  Medical  Congress,  Washington, 
August  28,  1887  ;  ordered  as  member  of  the  Examin 
ing  Board,  Navy  Department,  Washington,  Novem 
ber  5,  1887,  and  detached,  July  9,  1888;  and  from 
length  of  service,  in  conformity  with  Chapter  III, 


289 

Section  1444,  Revised  Statutes  of  the  United  States, 
transferred  to  the  retired  list  of  officers  of  the  Navy. 
Member  of  the  American  Medical  Association,  Amer 
ican  Academy  of  Medicine,  American  Public  Health 
Association,  New  York  Academy  of  Medicine,  New 
York  Society  for  the  Relief  of  Widows  and  Orphans 
of  Medical  Men,  Military  Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion 
of  the  United  States,  New  Jersey  Historical  Society, 
Washington  Headquarters  Association,  Morristown, 
New  Jersey,  and  Sons  of  the  American  Revolution, 
Society  of  New  Jersey. 


290 


Lieutenant-Colonel  ALFRED  CROMELIEN. 

Was  born  at  Philadelphia,  February  15,  1840; 
son  of  George  Cromelien,  and  grandson  of  David  I. 
Cromelien,  prominent  old  time  Philadelphia  mer 
chants  ;  educated  at  the  school  of  Dr.  John  W.  Fairesf 
Philadelphia.  Married,  first,  1864,  to  Edith,  daugh 
ter  of  the  late  Henry  Cohen  ;  by  whom  survive  three 
daughters.  Secondly,  1898,  to  Anna  Smyth,  daugh 
ter  of  the  late  Francis  Sherrett,  St.  Lucie,  Barbados, 
B.  W.  I.  Entered  upon  military  service,  Company  I, 
Unattached  Infantry,  P.  S.  M.  (Captain  Chapman 
Biddle),  April,  1861.  Battery  A,  First  Regiment 
Artillery,  Philadelphia,  H.  G.  (reorganized  from  above 
command).  In  camp,  July,  1861.  Engaged  recruiting 
Company  of  Cavalry  to  November  29,  1861.  Ap 
pointed  Second  Lieutenant,  November  30,  and  com 
missioned  to  rank  as  Second  Lieutenant,  December  2, 
1 86 1.  Joined  his  regiment,  Fifth  Pennsylvania  Vol 
unteer  Cavalry,  U.  S.  A.,  at  Camp  Griffin,  Virginia, 
December  2,  1861  (Army  of  the  Potomac,  Major  Gen 
eral  George  B.  McClellan).  Engaged  in  skirmish 
near  Flint  Hill,  Va.,  December,  1861.  Employed  on 
outpost  duty  and  scouting  to  February  6,  1862.  On 
Expedition  to  Flint  Hill  and  Hunter's  Mills.  En 
gaged  in  skirmish  near  Germantown,  Va.  In  com 
mand  of  advanced  guard,  charging  and  dispersing 
party  of  the  enemy.  Taking  prisoners,  horses  and 
wagon  containing  military  stores,  February  7,  1862. 
Favorably  mentioned  in  the  official  report  of  the  offi- 


LIEUTENANT-COLONEL    ALFRED    CROMELIEN. 


i 


293 

cer  commanding  the  Expedition,  February  8,  1862. 
On  Expedition  to  Flint  Hill  and  Vienia,  Va.,  Febru 
ary  22,  1862.  Regiment  unattached  and  in  camp 
near  Alexandria,  Va.,  March  14,  1862,  having  been 
employed  on  continuous  and  arduous  duty  since 
November,  1861.  Regiment  assigned  to  duty  with 
the  Fourth  Corps,  Army  of  the  Potomac,  March  24, 
1862,  and  ordered  to  the  Virginia  Peninsula  (to  re 
join  the  Army  of  the  Potomac),  May  8,  1862.  En 
gaged  in  scouting  on  the  Peninsula,  May  and  June. 
Employed  in  scouting  in  rear  of  the  Army  of  the  Po 
tomac  during  change  of  base  from  the  Pamunkey 
and  York  Rivers  to  the  James,  and  during  its  return 
from  the  Peninsular  Campaign,  June  25  to  August 
17,  1862.  Regiment  stationed  near  Williamsburg, 
Va.  Commissioned  First  Lieutenant,  August  18, 
1862.  Engaged  in  action  at  Williamsburg,  Va.; 
slightly  wounded,  and  captured  September  9,  1862. 
Released  (Special  Cartel),  September,  1862.  Mus 
tered  as  Second  Lieutenant,  to  date  March  i,  1862. 
Amended  by  "  Remuster  No.  392,015,"  to  date  Janu 
ary  8,  1862  ;  as  First  Lieutenant,  to  date  August  27, 
1862.  With  his  regiment,  and  engaged  in  scouting  to 
six,  nine  and  twelve  mile  ordinaries — Olive  Branch 
Church — Centreville,  and  towards  the  Chickahominy, 
October  and  November,  1862.  On  reconnoissance  from 
Yorktown  into  Gloucester  (Matthews,  Middlesex), 
King  and  Queen  Counties,  Va.,  under  command  of 
Brigadier  General  Henry  M.  Naglee  (by  whose  order 
placed  in  command  of  his  Troop  C,  and  by  whom 
commended),  December  11-15,  1863.  With  his  regi 
ment  and  in  command  of  Squadron  (Troops  C  and 
F).  on  scout  to  Burnt  Ordinary,  Va.,  January,  1863. 


294 

Employed  in  scouting,  January,  February  and  March. 
Engaged  in  action  near  Williamsburg,  Va.,  April  n, 
1863.  Officer  of  the  Day  (in  command  of  camp ;  ef 
fective  force  present  for  duty,  24  men).  Regiment  at 
the  front  (Fort  Magruder)  to  repel  attack  of  the  en 
emy.  Camp  attacked  in  the  rear  and  burned  by  Bat 
talion  of  the  enemy's  Infantry,  which  had  left  main 
column  of  attacking  force  at  Williamsburg,  and  suc 
ceeded  in  reaching  rear  by  a  forced  flank  march. 
Held  enemy  in  check  for  nearly  an  hour.  Dispatched 
his  orderly  to  the  front  with  report  and  request  for 
reinforcement.  Enemy  about  this  time  withdrew  to 
the  cover  of  the  woods  in  his  rear  and  flank,  having 
been  foiled  in  his  main  object — attack  on  rear  of  reg 
iment.  Again  dispatched  report.  Small  detachment 
sent  with  an  officer  who  transmitted  order  from  the 
commanding  officer  of  the  regiment  to  Lieutenant 
Cromelien  to  take  four  men  !  and  reconnoitre  the 
woods.  In  carrying  out  said  order,  stirrounded  by  a 
greatly  superior  force  of  the  enemy,  and  after  the 
wounding  of  one  of  his  small  party,  made  prisoner 
of  war,  April  n,  1863.  Confined  in  Libby  Prison, 
Richmond,  Va.  Paroled  May  6,  and  exchanged 
May  1 6,  1863.  Detailed  for  staff  duty  as  Acting 
Aide-de-Camp,  May  23,  1863  (for  services  on  April 
n,  1863).  Headquarters  (First)  Advance  Brigade 
(First  Division,  Fourth  Army  Corps  on  the  Virginia 
Peninsula),  stationed  at  Fort  Magruder,  Colonel  R. 
M.  West  commanding.  Granted  twenty  days  (sick) 
leave  of  absence  from  January  i,  but  on  learning  of 
projected  Expedition  up  the  Peninsula  towards  Rich 
mond,  declined,  and  returned  same  to  headquarters. 
On  Expedition  up  the  Virginia  Peninsula,  June  and 


295 

July.  Demonstration  against  Richmond,  Jnly  i  and 
2.  Engaged  near  Bottom's  Bridge,  Va.,  Jnly  2, 
1863.  Favorably  mentioned  in  special  orders  from 
Brigade  Headquarters,  August  n,  1863.  Brigade 
relieved,  and  regiments  and  battalions  composing 
same  assigned  to  other  commands,  August  15, 
1863.  With  his  regiment  and  employed  on  scouting 
and  outpost  duty  to  September  i,  under  orders  of 
Brigadier  General  I.  J.  Wistar,  by  whom  favorably 
noticed.  Regiment  ordered  to  Norfolk,  Va.,  Septem 
ber  8,  1863  (Dept.  Va.  and  N.  C.  Headquarters,  Fort 
Monroe,  Major  General  John  G.  Foster).  Resigned 
on  account  of  physical  disability  occasioned  by  ex 
posure  on  continued  arduous  service  whilst  unfit  for 
duty  since  June  i.  Resignation  accepted  and  honor 
ably  discharged,  September  23,  1863. 

Captain  and  Aide-de-Camp,  November  5,  1875, 
in  N.  G.  of  Pa.,  First  Brigade  (First  Division), 
Headquarters  at  Philadelphia  (I)  Brigadier  General 
H.  P.  Muirhead,  (II)  Colonel  R.  Dale  Benson,  com 
manding.  Served  as  Aide-de-Camp  to  May  10, 
1876.  Major  and  Brigade  Inspector,  May  10,  1876. 
First  Brigade  (First  Division).  Headquarters  at 
Philadelphia,  Brigadier  General  Robert  Morton  Brin- 
ton,  commanding.  Served  as  Brigade  Inspector 
to  March  14,  1877.  Lieutenant-Colonel  and  Assis 
tant  Adjutant  General,  March  14,  1877,  First  Di 
vision.  Headquarters  at  Philadelphia,  Major  General 
Robert  Morton  Brinton,  commanding.  At  Jefferson, 
New  Hampshire,  in  July,  when  learning  of  the  rail 
road  riots  in  Pennsylvania,  and  ordering  out  of  the 
troops,  immediately  reported  for  duty  at  headquarters 
of  the  First  Division  at  Pittsburg,  Pa.  On  the 


296 

reopening  of  the  Lackawanna  &  Bloomsburg  Rail 
road,  with  the  Advanced  Guard  on  the  night  march 
through  the  disaffected  districts  of  Avondale,  Ply 
mouth  and  Kingston,  August  2,  1877.  At  Jefferson, 
N.  H.,  August  ii.  Resigned  at  Jefferson,  N.  H., 
August  20.  Favorably  mentioned,  September,  1877, 
in  the  official  report  on  the  operations  of  the  First 
Division,  for  efficient  service  during  the  disturbances 
in  Pennsylvania,  July,  1877.  Honorably  discharged, 
September  5,  1877. 


DAVID    M.    GREENE. 


299 


DAVID  M.  GREENE. 

Consulting  Engineer;  Director,  1879-1891,  of 
the  Rensselaer  Polytechnic  Institute,  Troy,  N.  Y.; 
was  graduated  from  Rensselaer  Polytechnic  Institute, 
August  29,  1851  ;  Assistant  Engineer  Erie  Canal 
Enlargement  and  on  railroads,  1852-1855  ;  Professor 
Rensselaer  Polytechnic  Institute,  1855-1861  ;  Third 
Assistant  Engineer,  U.  S.  N.,  May  23,  1861 ;  Second 
Assistant  Engineer,  October  28,  1862  ;  First  Assis 
tant  Engineer,  January  i,  1865  ;  resigned,  September 
1 6,  1869  ;  Assistant  Professor  U.  S.  Naval  Academy, 
1862-1865 ;  Assistant  to  Engineer-in-Chief,  U.  S. 
Navy,  Navy  Department,  Washington,  1865-1868 ; 
private  practice,  1869-1874  ;  Division  Engineer,  Eas 
tern  Division,  Erie  Canal,  1874  ;  Deputy  State  Engi 
neer,  N.  Y.,  1874-1878;  elected  Director  Rensselaer 
Polytechnic  Institute,  September,  1878 ;  resigned, 
1891  ;  member  American  Society  of  Civil  Engineers, 
Society  Naval  Architects  and  Marine  Engineers, 
American  Society  Naval  Engineers,  New  England 
Society  of  Naval  Engineers,  Society  of  Founders  and 
Patriots,  Sons  of  American  Revolution,  Military 
Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion  of  the  U.  S.,  Naval  Order 
of  the  U.  S. 


300 


Brigadier  General  ROBERT  L.  MEADE. 

United  States  Marine  Corps. 

Was  born  in  District  of  Columbia.  Appointed 
from  Tennessee.  Commissioned  as  Second  Lieuten 
ant,  June  14,  1862  ;  Marine  Barracks,  Gosport,  1862  ; 
Marine  Barracks,  Brooklyn,  1862—3  5  na(^  command 
of  a  company  of  Marines  on  duty  in  the  city  of  New 
York  during  the  eight  days'  riot  in  that  city  in  July, 
1863  ;  S.  A.  Blockading  Squadron,  1863  ;  taken  pris 
oner,  September  7,  1863,  in  the  night  attack  on  Fort 
Sumter ;  brevetted  First  Lieutenant  for  gallant  and 
meritorious  services.  Commissioned  as  First  Lieu 
tenant,  April  2,  1864  ;  Marine  Barracks,  Brooklyn, 
1864—5  5  steam-sloop  Shenandoah,  Asiatic  Squadron, 
1865-9;  Navy  Yard,  Philadelphia,  1869-72;  Marine 
Barracks,  Brooklyn,  1873  ;  Michigan,  on  the  Lakes, 
1873-4;  Marine  Barracks,  Brooklyn,  1875-8.  Com 
missioned  as  Captain,  1876  ;  Fleet  Marine  Officer,  S. 
A.  Station,  1877-9 ;  Marine  Barracks,  Brooklyn, 
1879-82  ;  Marine  Barracks,  Boston,  1883-5  >  Marine 
Barracks,  Brooklyn,  1885^;  Marine  Barracks,  Pensa- 
cola,  1885  ;  expedition  to  Panama,  April  and  May, 
1885;  Marine  Barracks,  Brooklyn,  1886-7;  Marine 
Barracks,  Boston,  Mass.,  1887-8  ;  Richmond,  S.  A. 
Station,  1888-90;  commanding  Marine  Barracks, 
Navy  Yard,  Washington,  1890-2.  Commissioned 
Major,  September  6,  1892  ;  Marine  Barracks,  Navy 


BRIGADIER     GENERAL    ROBERT     L.     MEADE. 
UNITED    STATES     MARINE  CORPS. 


303 

Yard,  League  Island,  Pa.,  1892  ;  Marine  Barracks, 
Boston,  1894  to  1897  ;  Marine  Barracks,  Navy  Yard, 
Portsmouth,  December,  1897,101898;  April,  1898, 
U.  S.  "S.  New  York,  June,  1898;  Marine  Barracks, 
New  York,  1900  to  1902.  Commissioned  Colonel, 
March  3,  1899  ;  retired,  December  26,  1903  ;  Brigadier 
General,  1905. 


304 


Rear  Admiral  JAMES  RUFUS  TRYON. 

United  States  Navy  (retired} . 

Was  born  in  Coxsackie,  N.  Y.,  September  24, 
1837.  Was  gradnated  from  Union  College,  1858, 
Ph.  D.,  in  1891  ;  LL.  D.,  1895.  Appointed  Assistant 
Surgeon,  September  22,  1863  ;  West  Gulf  Squadron, 
1863-5;  after  tne  fignt  at  Mobile  Bay  had  the 
wounded  under  his  charge  at  Naval  Hospital,  Pensa- 
cola,  Fla.;  Naval  Hospital,  Boston,  1865-6  ;  detailed 
to  make  a  special  report  for  the  Department  of  the 
wounded  treated  there  during  the  war ;  Assistant 
Bureau  of  Medicine  and  Surgery,  1866-70.  Promot 
ed  to  Passed  Assistant  Surgeon,  1866  ;  to  Surgeon, 
1873  ;  Asiatic  Station,  1870-3  ;  had  charge,  during 
that  time,  of  the  temporary  Smallpox  Hospital  at 
Yokohama,  during  the  epidemic  of  that  disease  in 
1871,  and  also  appointed  by  Rear  Admiral  John  Rod- 
gers,  then  in  command  of  the  Station,  to  superin 
tend  the  building  of  the  present  United  States  Naval 
Hospital  at  Yokohama,  Japan ;  special  duty,  New 
York,  and  yellow  fever  epidemic,  Navy  Yard,  Pen- 
sacola,  Fla.,  1873-6;  N.  A.  Station,  1876-9;  special 
duty,  New  York,  1879-82  ;  Alaska,  Pacific  Station, 
South  Pacific  Coast  and  Sandwich  Islands,  1882-3  5 
member  Examining  Board,  Philadelphia,  1883-4;  del 
egate  International  Medical  Congress  at  Copenhagen, 
Denmark,  1884  ;  afterwards  Quinnebaug,  European 
Station  and  African  Coast,  until  1887;  Marine  Ren 
dezvous,  New  York,  1888  ;  special  duty  and  member 


REAR     ADMIRAL    JAMES     RUFUS     TRYON. 
UNITED    STATES     NAVY   (RETIRED). 


307 

of  Medical  Examining  Board,  New  York,  1888-91; 
received  the  honorary  degree  of  Ph.  D.,  Union  Col 
lege,  1891  ;  LL.  D.,  1895.  Promoted  Medical  In 
spector,  September  22,  1891  ;  1891-3,  flagship  Chi 
cago,  N.  A.  Station  ;  duty  at  Montevideo,  Uruguay, 
and  La  Guayra,  Venezuela.  Received  the  decora 
tion  of  the  "  Busto  del  Libertador,"  for  services 
rendered  the  wounded  of  both  parties  at  Macuto 
during  the  revolution  in  Venezuela.  Promoted  to 
Surgeon  General  United  States  Navy,  with  the  rank 
of  Commodore,  and  Chief  of  Bureau  of  Medicine  and 
Surgery,  Navy  Department,  May  10,  1893-7.  Pro 
moted  to  Medical  Director,  January,  1897  >  General 
Inspector  of  Hospitals,  October,  1897  ;  delegate  In 
ternational  Congress  of  Hygiene  and  Demography, 
Madrid,  Spain,  1898.  Retired  September  24,  1899, 
with  rank  of  Rear  Admiral. 


3o8 


Medical    Inspector  AARON  S.  OBERLY. 

United  States  Navy. 

Was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  April  7,  1837.  Ap 
pointed  an  Assistant  Surgeon  from  Connecticut, 
July  i,  1 86 1,  and  commissioned  July  30,  1861  ;  at 
tached  to  receiving-ship  Ohio,  Boston,  and  to  frigate 
Sabine,  1861  ;  gunboat  Kineo,  West  Gulf  Blockad 
ing  Squadron,  1862-3  ;  present  during  the  bombard 
ment  and  passage  of  Forts  Jackson  and  St.  Philip, 
1862  ;  at  the  passage  of  the  batteries  at  Port  Hudson 
by  Farragut's  Fleet,  March  14,  1863;  engagement 
with  batteries  at  Grand  Gulf,  Donaldsonville,  battle 
of  Baton  Rouge,  and  siege  of  Port  Hudson,  1862-3  > 
at  the  request  of  the  Medical  Director,  on  duty  with 
the  Army  during  the  siege  of  Port  Hudson,  and, 
owing  to  want  of  Army  surgeons,  assisted  also  in 
caring  for  the  Union  and  Confederate  wounded  after 
the  attack  on  Fort  Butler,  1863  ;  Naval  Academy, 
1863-4,  including  summer  cruise  of  the  Macedonian  ; 
steamer  Santiago  de  Cuba,  1864-5  5  present  during 
both  bombardments  on  Fort  Fisher,  in  December, 
1864,  and  January,  1865  ;  Naval  Hospital,  New 
York,  and  steamer  Rhode  Island,  1865  ;  Navy  Yard, 
New  York,  1866.  Commissioned  as  Surgeon,  June  19, 
1866;  Naval  Station,  Mound  City,  Illinois,  1 866-8; 
steam  sloop  Narragansett,  West  Indies,  1869;  sloop 
Portsmouth,  South  Atlantic  Squadron,  1870-1  ;  re 
ceiving-ship  and  Navy  Yard  at  Boston,  1871-3  ;  iron 
clad  Dictator,  North  Atlantic  Fleet,  1874-5  ;  Navy 


MEDICAL    INSPECTOR    AARON     S.    OBERLY. 
UNITED     STATES    NAVY. 


3" 

Yard  and  Hospital,  Pensacola,  Florida,  1875-9;  Tor 
pedo  Station,  Newport,  R.  I.,  1879-80;  U.  S.  S.  Pow- 
hatan,  North  Atlantic  Station,  1880-1 ;  U.  S.  S. 
Richmond,  and  as  Fleet  Surgeon  of  the  Asiatic  Sta 
tion,  1881-4.  Commissioned  as  Medical  Inspector 
March  4,  1884;  U.  S.  Navy  Yard  and  Hospital, 
Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  1884-8;  U.  S.  S.  Richmond, 
1888.  Retired,  January,  1889,  from  causes  incident 
to  exposure  on  Asiatic  Station,  1881-4. 


Major  and  Brevet  Lieut-Colonel   W.  R.  SMEDBERG. 

United  States  Army. 

Was  born  at  22  Beach  Street,  in  New  York  City, 
on  the  i Qth  of  March,  1839.  Son  of  Charles  Gus- 
tavus  Smedberg  and  Isabella  Remvick,  his  wife; 
grandson  of  William  Renwick  and  Jane  Jaffray,  his 
wife.  He  entered  the  Columbia  College,  New  York, 
in  1853,  graduating  in  June,  1857.  Enlisted  in  Com 
pany  F  of  the  New  York  Seventh  Regiment  July, 
1858,  remaining  with  it  until  1860,  when  he  was  hon 
orably  discharged  on  account  of  removal  to  City  of 
Washington,  D.  C.,  where  he  resided  until  the  break 
ing  out  of  the  war.  He  enlisted  in  the  United  States 
service  on  the  i5th  of  April,  1861,  under  the  Presi 
dent's  first  call  for  volunteers,  as  Private  in  the 
National  Rifles,  Company  A,  Third  Battalion,  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia  Volunteers.  Was  promoted  Cor 
poral  ;  served  in  the  Potomac  and  Patterson  Cam 
paigns,  and  was  honorably  discharged  July  4,  1861, 
at  Harper's  Ferry,  to  accept  the  commission  as  First 
Lieutenant  in  the  Fourteenth  United  States  Infantry, 
with  rank  from  May  14,  1861.  He  joined  the  regi 
ment  at  Fort  Trumbull,  Conn.,  and  assisted  in  the 
organization  of  the  First  Battalion  ;  moved  with  it  to 
Perry ville,  Md.,  in  October,  1861,  during  which 
period  he  was  Adjutant  of  the  Battalion  ;  promoted 
Captain  Fourteenth  United  States  Infantry,  Octo 
ber  25,  1 86 1  ;  he  organized  his  company  at  Perry- 
ville,  Md.,  and  in  March,  1862,  with  it  joined  Sykes' 


s 


MAJOR    AND    BREVET    LIEUT.-CO^-ONZL  W,    R.-  SMZDBERC. 
UNITED    STATES     ARMY. 


Division  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  at  Washing 
ton,  D.  C.,  and  soon  afterwards  proceeded  to  Fortress 
Monroe  with  the  division  of  regular  infantry.  With 
his  regiment  he  participated  in  the  siege  of  York- 
town,  march  tip  the  Peninsula,  battle  of  Gaines  Mills, 
June  27,  1862,  retreat  to  the  James  River,  and  en 
gagements  at  White  Oak  Swamp,  the  Charles  City 
Cross-roads,  and  also  the  battle  of  Malvern  Hill. 
Retreating  from  the  Peninsula  he  took  part  in  the 
second  battle  of  Bull  Run  and  battles  of  South 
Mountain  and  Antietam  ;  also  Fredericksburg.  Ow 
ing  to  sickness  he  was  not  present  with  his  regiment 
at  Chancellors ville  and  Gettysburg,  but  joined  it  at 
the  time  of  the  draft  riots  in  New  York,  and  again 
proceeded  to  the  field  and  took  part  in  the  Campaign 
of  Mine  Run.  He  was  appointed  Division  Inspector, 
First  Division,  Fifth  Army  Corps,  by  General 
Charles  Griffin  in  April,  1864,  and  took  part  in  the 
battle  of  the  Wilderness  during  which  he  was 
wounded  by  a  shell  carrying  off  his  right  foot,  caus 
ing  amputation  of  the  leg  below  the  knee.  Recruit 
ing  service  in  New  York  City  and  mustering  and 
disbursing  service  in  Washington,  D.  C.,  until  Aug 
ust,  1865,  when  he  joined  his  regiment  at  Hart 
Island,  New  York,  and  in  October,  1865,  proceeded 
to  San  Francisco  with  it.  December,  1865,  appointed 
Inspector-General  of  the  Department  of  California  on 
the  staff  of  General  Irvin  McDowell.  May  26,  1866, 
Aide-de-Camp  of  the  military  division  of  the  Pacific 
on  the  staff  of  Major-General  H.  W.  Halleck,  and 
afterwards  Acting  Assistant  Adjutant-General  on  the 
staff  of  Major-General  George  H.  Thomas,  and  Aide- 
de-Camp  to  Major  John  M.  Schofield  until  December, 


3i6 

1870,  when  he  was  retired  from  active  service  with 
the  rank  of  Captain,  mounted.  After  retirement  he 
entered  into  the  service  of  the  Pacific  Mail  Steamship 
Company,  and  afterwards  of  that  of  C.  Adolph  Low 
&  Co.,  until  1 88 1,  when  he  entered  upon  the  business 
of  fire  insurance,  in  which  he  has  continued  ever 
since.  Colonel  Smedberg  became  a  member  of  the 
National  Guard  of  California  in  September,  1874, 
when  he  was  commissioned  Lieutenant-Colonel  and 
Division  Inspector  on  the  staff  of  Major-General  D. 
W.  C.  Thompson.  January  19,  1876,  he  was  appointed 
Brigade-Inspector  on  the  staff  of  Brigadier-General 
John  McComb,  Second  Brigade,  N.  G.  C,  October, 
1876,  elected  Colonel  of  the  Second  Infantry,  N.  G.  C., 
and  successively  re-elected  in  1880  and  1884,  resign 
ing  as  Colonel  of  the  Second  Artillery,  N.  G.  C.,  Oc 
tober  1885.  He  was  appointed  Adjutant-General  of 
the  Department  of  California,  Grand  Army  of  the 
Republic,  in  February,  1885,  and  was  elected  Depart 
ment  Commander  of  California,  G.  A.  R.,  Febru 
ary  19,  1886.  Upon  the  organization  of  the  Com- 
mandery  of  California,  Military  Order  of  the  Loyal 
Legion,  U.  S.,  May,  1871,  he  was  elected  Recorder, 
and  has  been  re-elected  every  year  since,  and  is  now 
in  his  thirty-fifth  year  of  service  as  Recorder. 


COLONEL    WILLIAM     D'ALTON     MANN. 


Colonel  WILLIAM  D'ALTON  MANN. 

Soldier,  Inventor  and  Editor ;  born  Sandusky, 
O.,  September  27,  1839;  was  educated  as  a  Civil  En 
gineer.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  Civil  War  entered 
the  Army  as  Captain  of  the  First  Michigan  Cavalry. 
In  i8&2  he  organized  the  First  Mounted  Rifles,  after 
wards  known  as  the  Fifth  Michigan  Cavalry.  Im 
mediately  following,  at  urgent  request  of  the  Gover 
nor,  organized  and  commanded  in  the  field  the 
Seventh  Michigan  Cavalry.  Received  patents  for 
valuable  accoutrements  for  troops.  After  the  war 
settled  in  Mobile,  Ala.,  and  engaged  in  the  manufac 
ture  of  cotton  seed  oil  and  railroad  construction,  and 
was  the  proprietor  of  the  Mobile  "Register."  In 
January,  1872,  patented  the  boudoir  car,  and  spent 
the  next  ten  years  in  Europe  introducing  it  there. 
He  returned  in  1883,  settled  in  New  York  City,  and 
established  the  Mann  Boudoir  Car  Company.  After 
wards  sold  out  to  the  Pullman  Car  Company.  Be 
came  Owner  and  Editor  of  "  Town  Topics  "in  1891. 
In  1900  founded  "The  Smart  Set"  Magazine.  Is  a 
member  of  the  Military  Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion 


2O 


Commander  BRADLEY  ALLEN  FISKE. 
United  States  Navy. 

Was  born  at  Lyons,  N.  Y.,  June  13,  1854.  Ap 
pointed  to  United  States  Naval  Academy,  Septem 
ber  21,  1870.  Was  graduated,  second  in  class,  May 
30,  1874.  Served  in  U.  S.  S.  Saratoga,  Constellation, 
Pensacola,  Plymouth,  Powhatan,  Minnesota,  Brook 
lyn,  Atlanta,  Yorktown,  Petrel,  Monadnock  and 
Massachusetts.  In  1877,  invented  his  detaching  ap 
paratus  for  lowering  boats  in  a  seaway,  which  is  still 
in  use  in  many  ships.  In  1883  wrote  "Electricity 
and  Electrical  Engineering,"  which  is  still  (1905) 
selling,  in  its  tenth  edition.  In  1884  was  member 
of  the  First  International  Congress  of  Electricians. 
In  1889  invented  the  Naval  telescope  sight.  It 
is  rare  that  any  invention  has  received  such  general 
condemnation  as  this  received.  It  was  declared 
not  only  impracticable,  but  incorrect  in  princi 
ple.  Lieutenant  Fiske  succeeded,  however,  in  coa- 
vinciug  Commander  Folger,  the  Chief  of  Bureau  of 
Ordnance  that  it  was  a  great  invention,  and  in  hav 
ing  it  put  on  board  the  U.  S.  S.  Yorktown  for  trial. 
But  when  Lieutenant  Fiske  was  ordered  to  the  ship 
a  year  later,  he  found  it  had  not  been  unpacked,  and 
that  all  the  officers,  especially  the  Captain,  deemed  it 
too  foolish  to  waste  time  on.  After  the  inventor's 
persistent  requests,  however,  the  Captain  finally  per 
mitted  him  to  test  it,  but  he  became  still  more  con 
vinced  of  its  worthlessness  by  the  tests,  reported 


COMMANDER     BRADLEY    ALLEN     FISKE. 
UNITED    STATES     NAVY. 


323 

against  it  officially,  and  refused  to  allow  any  more 
ammunition  to  be  used  to  test  it.  The  Chief  of  Bu 
reau  of  Ordnance  then  gave  orders  that  its  test  be 
continued  nevertheless  ;  and  in  Unalaska  Lieutenant 
Fiske,  in  1892,  succeeded  in  making  such  an  unpar 
alleled  record  with  it,  that  its  value  was  demonstrated 
beyond  doubt.  As  no  one  else  seemed  disposed  to 
report  on  it,  however,  he  had  to  make  the  official  re 
port  on  it  himself,  and  the  Chief  of  Bureau  of  Ord 
nance  accepted  it,  and  began  to  consider  seriously  the 
adoption  of  the  system  in  the  Navy.  In  May,  1894, 
Lieutenant  Fiske  made  a  still  more  extraordinary 
record  with  his  invention,  and  proved  so  conclusively 
that  it  abolished  the  principal  error  in  Naval  gun 
nery,  that  the  Department  shortly  after  adopted  it  for 
the  service.  This  invention  is  now  in  use  in  all  the 
principal  Navies  of  the  world,  as  the  "  Text  Book  of 
Ordnance  and  Gunnery,"  used  at  the  United  States 
Naval  Academy,  says  :  "  The  Naval  telescope  sight  is 
an  improvement  of  such  importance  as  to  be  ranked 
with  the  change  from  smooth  bore  to  rifled  cannon." 
In  1892  Lieutenant  Fiske  invented  the  stadimeter,  a 
portable  little  optical  instrument,  by  means  of  which 
the  distance  of  a  ship  can  be  quickly  measured,  if  the 
height  of  her  mast  be  known.  This  instrument  is 
supplied  to  all  the  ships  of  our  Navy.  In  1894 
Lieutenant  Fiske  was  ordered  by  the  Chief  of  Bu 
reau  of  Ordnance  to  investigate  the  applicability  of 
electricity  to  turning  the  turrets  of  battleships. 
After  trying  several  plans,  he  reported  that  the 
Ward  Leonard  System  was  the  most  promising. 
After  two  years  of  testing  various  ways  of  applying 
this  system,  it  was  finally  adapted  perfectly  to  the 


324 

work,  the  culminating  invention  for  adapting  it 
being  made  and  patented  by  Lieutenant  Fiske.  In 
spite  of  the  strenuous  opposition  of  the  Bureau  of 
Construction,  Lieutenant  Fiske's  recommendation 
that  it  be  tested  in  competition  with  that  Bureau's 
steam  system  on  board  a  ship  at  sea  was  finally 
adopted,  and  the  result  of  the  test  was  an  overwhelm 
ing  victory  for  the  electric  system.  This  system, 
with  no  important  change  of  any  kind,  has  been  put 
into  all  the  battleships  and  armored  cruisers  con 
structed  since  that  time,  and  marks  a  distinct  advance 
in  the  application  of  science  to  Naval  needs.  In 
1896  Lieutenant  Fiske  invented  the  electric  warning 
whistle,  by  means  of  which  the  alarm  is  given  in  the 
various  compartments  below,  when  the  water-tight 
doors  are  to  be  closed.  This  invention  has  been  in 
stalled  in  practically  all  our  warships  constructed 
since  that  time.  In  1896  Lieutenant  Fiske  invented 
the  Naval  electric  semaphore.  This  was  installed  in 
the  flagship  New  York  of  the  North  Alantic  Fleet, 
and  the  inventor  was  immediately  sent  to  Asia.  The 
apparatus  was  shortly  afterwards  condemned,  and  put 
out  of  the  ship.  When  Lieutenant-Commander 
Fiske  returned  in  1900,  he  had  another  semaphore 
apparatus  constructed,  like  the  one  in  the  New  York, 
except  that  it  was  operated  by  mechanical  means. 
He  preferred  the  electrical  means  himself,  but  had  to 
yield  to  the  prejudice  in  the  Navy  against  electrical 
things.  This  apparatus  has  now  been  installed  in 
several  of  the  battleships,  and  it  has  provided  a 
means  of  day  signalling  far  better  than  any  used  be 
fore,  but  its  performance  has  been  altogether  eclipsed 
by  the  electric  semaphore,  like  the  one  in  the  New 


325 

York,  which  Commander  Fiske  put  into  the  Kear- 
sarge  in  1904,  and  by  means  of  which  the  unparal 
leled  record  of  forty-five  displays  per  minute  has  been 
achieved.  In  1901  Lieutenant-Commander  Fiske  in 
vented  the  Naval  telescope  and  mount,  which  renders 
it  easy  to  use  powerful  telescopes  on  shipboard.  In 
1904  Commander  Fiske  invented  the  turret  range- 
finder,  an  optical  instrument  by  means  of  which  an 
observer  can  measure  the  distance  of  the  enemy  while 
himself  protected  inside  the  turret. 

Although  devoting  himself  largely  to  the  solv 
ing  of  Naval  problems  by  means  of  mechanism, 
Commander  Fiske  has  been  most  fortunate  in  experi 
ences  of  the  military  kind.  In  1892  he  was  in  Val 
paraiso  in  the  Yorktown  during  the  critical  times 
following  the  Baltimore  incident,  and  in  1894  he  was 
in  Rio,  in  Admiral  Benham's  flagship,  when  the 
Fleet  was  cleared  for  action,  and  enforced  neutral 
rights.  At  the  battle  of  Manila  Bay  he  was  Navi 
gator  of  the  Petrel.  With  the  permission  of  the 
Captain  he  arranged  an  observing  station  aloft,  and 
there  he  stationed  himself,  above  the  smoke,  with  his 
stadimeter,  and  kept  the  Captain  continually  in 
formed  of  the  distance  of  the  enemy,  and  of  all  that 
was  going  on.  His  view  of  the  battle  was  probably 
the  clearest  that  any  one  got  that  day,  and  it  was  de 
scribed  by  him  in  the  November  "  Century  "  that  fol 
lowed.  In  the  afternoon,  after  it  was  seen  that  the 
Spanish  ships  had  ceased  to  fire,  the  Petrel  was  or 
dered  by  Dewey  to  go  close  in  to  the  Cavite  Arsenal, 
and  Lieutenant  Fiske  was  sent  ashore  to  the  Arsenal 
by  the  Captain.  He  found  the  Arsenal  full  of  thou 
sands  of  Spanish  soldiers  and  sailors,  and  he  spent  a 


326 

most  interesting  afternoon  there,  with  half  a  dozen 
men  of  the  Petrel,  and  finally  towed  off  a  lot  of 
Spanish  tugs  and  launches.  He  was  reported  to  the 
Department  by  the  Captain  for  "  eminent  and  con 
spicuous  conduct  in  battle"  for  his  work  that  day. 

Lieutenant  Fiske  was  Navigator  of  the  Petrel  at 
the  capture  of  Manila  City.  He  was  also  Navigator 
of  the  monitor  Monadnock  during  the  first  four 
months  of  the  Filipino  insurrection,  when  the 
Monadnock's  light  draught  and  heavy  battery  en 
abled  her  to  support  the  flank  of  our  Army  in  its 
operations  on  the  east  side  of  Manila  Bay.  During 
this  time,  besides  minor  engagements,  he  took  part  in 
the  bombardments  of  Pananaque  and  Malabon.  As 
Executive  Officer  of  the  Yorktown,  he  took  part  in 
the  bombardment  of  San  Fernando. 

Commander  Fiske  was  member  of  the  Naval 
Wireless  Telegraph  Board  in  1904-5.  He  received 
the  Elliott  Cresson  gold  medal  from  the  Franklin 
Institute  in  1893,  and  the  gold  medal  for  the  prize 
essay  by  the  United  States  Naval  Institute  in  1905. 
He  is  the  author  of  many  papers  on  electrical  and 
and  Naval  subjects,  of  which  his  series  of  articles  in 
"THE  UNITED  SERVICE  MAGAZINE,"  "Recollections 
of  Manila,"  received  the  most  attention. 


PAYMASTER    THOMAS    SKELTON     HARRISON. 
UNITED    STATES     NAVY. 


329 


Paymaster  THOMAS  SKELTON  HARRISON. 

United  States  Navy. 

Manufacturer ;  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in 
1840  ;  grandson  of  John  Harrison,  who  founded  the 
house  of  Harrison  Brothers  &  Co.  He  began  his 
business  life  in  the  employment  of  Harrison  &  New- 
hall,  sugar  refiners,  and  during  the  Civil  War  served 
as  Paymaster  in  the  United  States  Navy  from  July, 
1 86 1,  to  August,  1864,  taking  part  in  all  the  opera 
tions  along  the  Atlantic  and  Florida  coasts.  He  is 
said  to  have  been  the  only  man  in  the  service  besides 
the  Count  of  Paris  who  did  not  draw  his  pay,  he  pre 
senting  this,  amounting  to  $5,400,  to  the  War  Li 
brary  and  Museum  of  the  Loyal  Legion  of  Pennsyl 
vania.  After  leaving  the  Navy  he  became  a  member 
of  the  firm  of  Harrison  Brothers  &  Co.,  manufacturers 
of  white  lead,  paints  and  chemicals,  from  which  he 
retired  June,  1902.  For  many  years  he  was  President 
of  the  Manufacturing  Chemists'  Association,  which 
included  over  1,300  establishments,  with  a  total  capi 
tal  of  $150,000,000.  He  was  very  active  in  the  prep 
arations  for  the  Centennial  Exposition,  and  was 
Chairman  of  important  committees.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Political  Reform  Committee  of  One  Hun 
dred,  of  the  Committee  of  Fifty,  and  a  warm  sup 
porter  of  the  Bullitt  bill  for  a  reformed  municipal 
administration.  In  1897  President  McKinley  ap 
pointed  him  Diplomatic  Agent  and  Consul  General 
of  the  United  States  at  Cairo,  Egypt.  He  is  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Loyal  Legion,  the  Union  League,  and 
various  clubs. 


330 


Surgeon  HENRY  C.  ECKSTEIN. 

United  States  Navy. 

Was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania.  Ap 
pointed  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  for  duty  aboard 
U.  S.  Army  Hospital  transports,  June  20,  1862  ;  on 
duty  aboard  Army  Hospital  transport  Daniel  Webster 
No.  '2,  which  was  employed  in  convoying  the  sick  and 
wounded  to  hospitals  at  Fortress  Monroe,  Baltimore 
and  Philadelphia.  Appointed  Assistant  Surgeon  of 
Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  August  2,  1862  ;  afterwards 
honorably  discharged,  and  commissioned  Assistant 
Surgeon  in  U.  S.  Navy,  December  24,  1862  ;  U.  S. 
Naval  Hospital  and  Laboratory,  January  to  March, 
1863  ;  frigate  Sabine,  special  service,  March  to  July, 
1863  ;  monitor  Passaic,  July,  1863,  to  January,  1864; 
while  on  Passaic  was  in  following  battles :  Attack  on 
Forts  Wagner,  Gregg,  Sumter,  and  Moultrie  ;  frigate 
New  Ironsides,  February,  1864,  to  June,  1864;  moni 
tor  Nahant,  June  to  July,  1864  ;  monitor  Montauk, 
July,  1864  ;  combined  Army  and  Naval  Expedition 
up  the  Stone  River ;  the  monitors  Passaic,  Montauk, 
and  Nahant  were  frequently  on  advance  and  reserve 
picket  near  Forts  Sumter  and  Moultrie ;  Wissa- 
hickon,  S.  A.  Squadron,  July,  1864,  to  August,  1864  ; 
Naval  Rendez.vous,  Philadelphia,  August,  1864,  to 
March,  1865  ;  General  Lyon,  Mississippi  Squadron, 
March,  1865,  to  August,  1865 ;  Memphis  (supply 
ship),  September  to  November,  1865  ;  receiving-ship 
Princeton,  November,  1865,  to  February,  1866;  re- 


SURGEON     HENRY    C.     ECKSTEIN. 
UNITED     STATES     NAVY. 


333 

signed,  January  31,  1866,  and  appointed  Acting  As 
sistant  Surgeon,  February  i,  1866;  bark  Purveyor, 
employed  in  conveying  Naval  supplies  to  storehouse 
at  St.  Paul  de  Loanda,  South  Africa,  special  service, 
March  to  October,  1866  ;  Huron,  Kansas  and  Pawnee, 
S.  A.  Station,  January,  1867,  to  July,  1869  ;  during 
the  war  between  Brazil  and  Paraguay  the  U.  S.  S. 
Kansas  ascended  the  Parana  and  Paraguay  River  as 
far  as  Ascencion,  the  capital  of  Paraguay ;  Guard, 
Darien  Expedition,  November,  1870,  to  July,  1871  ; 
Naval  Hospital,  Mare  Island,  November,  1871  ;  Nar. 
ragansett,  Pacific  Station,  December,  1871,  to  April, 
1873  ;  visited  the  Hawaiian,  Phoenix,  Gilbert,  Mar 
shall  and  Samoan  Islands,  and  Sydney,  Australia ; 
the  commanding  officer  obtained  damages  for  the  de 
struction  of  missionary  property  in  Gilbert  Islands  ; 
Marine  Rendezvous,  Richmond,  May  to  September, 
1873  ;  recruiting  duty,  Baltimore,  November,  1873, 
to  January,  1874;  receiving-ship  St.  Louis,  Septem 
ber  to  October,  1874  ;  Shawmut,  N.  A.  Station,  De 
cember,  1874,  to  January,  1877  ;  Naval  Hospital,  Phil 
adelphia,  April,  1877,  to  December,  1879  ;  Alliance, 
N.  A.  Station,  January,  1880,  to  November,  1882  ; 
Jeannette  Search  Expedition,  June  to  November, 
1 88 1  ;  steamed  north  to  the  ice  pack,  north  of  Spitz- 
bergen  in  80  deg.  16  min.  north  latitude — the  fur 
thest  point  north  ever  reached  by  a  man-of-war ;  left 
the  coast  of  Spitzbergen  September  25  ;  Naval  Hos 
pital,  Philadelphia,  January,  1883,  to  January,  1884 ; 
receiving-ship  St.  Louis,  January,  1884,  to  March, 
1886;  Adams,  Pacific  Station,  May,  1886,  to  March, 
1889 ;  at  Apia,  Samoa,  during  war  between  two 
factions  of  natives ;  on  duty  at  hospital  on  shore  near 


334 

the  English  Consulate ;  Marine  Rendezvous,  Phila 
delphia,  May,  1889-92  ;  examined  and  promoted  to 
Passed  Assistant  Surgeon,  November  17,  1873.  Com- 
sioned  Surgeon,  March  14,  1883 ;  during  the  war 
with  Spain,  from  June  13,  1898,  to  January  3,  1899, 
on  duty  at  the  Post  Office  Building,  Philadelphia, 
examining  physically  Acting  Assistant  Engineers, 
and  physically  and  professionally  Acting  Assistant 
Surgeons  and  Apothecaries.  Retired,  May  10,  1893. 


HENRY    CLAY    TRUMBULL,   D.  D. 


337 


HENRY  CLAY  TRUMBULL,  D.  D. 

Clergyman,    author    and    editor ;    was    born    in 
Stonington,  Conn.,  June  8,  1830;  son  of  Gurdon  and 
Sarah  Ann  Trumbull.     He  was  educated  at  Stoning- 
toii  Academy  and  Williston  Seminary,  receiving  the 
degrees  of  A.  M.  from  Yale  and  D.  D.  from  Lafayette 
and  University  of  New  York.     Married,  1854,  Alice 
Cogswell   Gallaudet,  who   died   in    1891.      Moved   to 
Hartford  in   1851,  and  was  engaged  in  the  railroad 
business  until    1858;    missionary   Connecticut   State 
Sunday    School    Association,    1858-62,    and    shortly 
afterward  ordained  Congressional  minister.     He  was 
chaplain  of  the  Tenth  Connecticut  Regiment,  1862- 
65  ;  was  in  several  Confederate   prisons.     New  Eng 
land  Secretary  of  American  Sunday  School    Union, 
1865-75.     Author  of  "  The  Knightly  Soldier,"  1865  ; 
"  A  Model  Superintendent,"  1880  ;  "  Kadish-Barnea," 
1883;  "Teaching  and  Teachers,"  1884;   "The  Blood 
Covenant,"  1885;   "The  Threshold  Covenant,"  1888; 
"Principles   and   Practice,"  1889;    "Hints  on  Child 
Training,"    1890;    "Friendship   the   Master  of  Pas 
sion,"     1891;     "A    Lie    Never    Justifiable,"    1893; 
"Studies  in   Oriental  Social  Life,"  1894;     "Prayer: 
Its    Nature    and    Scope,"    1896;     "In    Tribulation," 
1896;  "Teachers'  Meetings,"  1896;  "War  Memories 
of  an    Army   Chaplain,"    1898;    "The   Covenant    of 
Salt,"  1899;  "Illustrative  Answers  to  Prayer,"  1900; 
"Individual    Work    for    Individuals,"    1901;     "Old 
Time    Student    Volunteers,"    1902.      Editor   of    the 
Sunday  School  Times  since   1875.     Died  December  8, 
1903. 


33 


DAVID  ISAACS. 

Owner    and    director    of    the    Prospect    House, 
Niagara  Falls  ;  is  a   native  of  New  York  City  ;    en 
listed   at   the   age   of    thirteen,   and  during  the   war 
served  in  the  Union  Army  as  a  Bugler  in  the  Fifth 
N.  Y.  Cavalry ;    began   his   business  career  with  the 
Erie  Railway  at  Niagara  Falls  ;  a  few  years  later  was 
placed    in    charge    of    the    company's   general   ticket 
office   in   Buffalo,  N.  Y.;    resigned  this   position   and 
shortly  afterwards  opened  the  Prospect  House  at  Ni 
agara  Falls  on  the  Canadian  side ;  when  the  Prospect 
House   on  the  Canadian   side  was  taken  by  the  Gov 
ernment   for  the  Niagara  Falls   Park   in   1887,   Mr. 
Isaacs    built   a    new    hotel    on    the    American    side, 
still  retaining  the  name  of  Prospect  House ;  is  Presi 
dent  and  General  Manager  of  the  Cataract  and  Inter 
national  Hotels  Co.,  and   Proprietor  of  the  Imperial 
and  Porter   Hotels,  all  at  Niagara  Falls  ;    was  Rail 
road   Contractor,   having  built  several   miles   of   the 
Canadian  Pacific  Railroad  in   the  Rocky  Mountains, 
and  many  miles   of    the  Grand   Trunk   Railway  in 
Muskoka ;  ex-President  of  the  First  National  Bank, 
Niagara   Falls,  N.  Y.;    is  Correspondent   for  several 
prominent  newspapers  ;   President  of  the  N.  Y.  Hotel 
Association  ;    Director  of  the  Board  of  Colonial  and 
Foreign  Governors  of  the  Hotel  and  Restaurant  Pro 
tective  Society  of  England  ;  member  of  the  Adiron 
dack  Shooting   Club,  North  Channel  Shooting  Club, 
Toronto  Shooting  Club,  Long  Point,  Canada  ;  Winni- 


DAVID     ISAACS. 


peg  Gun  Club,  Manitoba ;  member  of  Knights  Tem 
plar,  Mystic  Shrine,  and  Knights  of  Pythias  ;  is  also 
a  member  of  the  Buffalo  Volunteer  Firemen's  Asso 
ciation,  having  served  seven  years  as  an  active  mem 
ber  and  Trustee  of  Eagle  Hose  No.  2,  which  was 
considered  the  crack  company  in  the  efficient  Buffalo 
Fire  Department,  and  during  that  time  won  from 
this  company  a  gold  badge  of  merit ;  is  Past  Junior 
Vice-Commander  Department  of  New  York,  G.  A.  R., 
with  rank  of  General ;  is  a  Companion  in  the  Mili 
tary  Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion  of  the  United  States  ; 
ex-President  of  the  Fifth  N.  Y.  Veteran  Volunteer 
Cavalry  Association,  and  honorable  member  of  the 
Veterans'  Association  of  the  Forty -second  Separate 
Company,  N.  G.,  N.  Y.;  Fire  Commissioner  and  ex- 
Harbor  Commissioner  of  Niagara  Falls. 


342 


CHARLES  E.  CADWALADER. 

Physician,  soldier,  philanthropist ;  was  born  in 
Philadelphia,  November  5,  1839;  son  °f  the  late 
Judge  Cadwalader  ;  descended  from  ancestors  identi 
fied  with  the  principal  public  interests  and  move 
ments  throughout  the  history  of  Pennsylvania  ;  like 
his  progenitors  he  has  been  one  of  its  most  public 
spirited  citizens.  He  is  a  graduate  of  the  Depart 
ments  of  Arts  and  Medicine  of  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  and  has  had  a  very  active  part  in  the 
promotion  of  its  interests  and  in  the  elevation  of  the 
standard  of  medical  education,  taking  a  principal 
part  in  the  procurement  of  the  State  Board  of  Medi 
cal  Examiners  and  Licensers.  The  Civil  War  break 
ing  out  at  the  time  of  his  graduation  interrupted  the 
practice  of  his  profession  for  a  number  of  years. 
Enlisting  in  1861,  in  the  First  City  Troop,  whose 
services  had  been  accepted  by  the  United  States  Gov 
ernment,  he  remained  in  that  branch  of  the  service 
by  accepting  a  commission  in  Colonel  Rush's  Sixth 
Pennsylvania  Cavalry  Regiment,  until  transferred  by 
General  Hooker  as  one  of  his  aides  on  the  latter's  as 
signment  to  the  command  of  the  Army  of  the  Poto 
mac.  He  continued  thereafter  to  serve  with  the  Gen 
eral  Staff  of  the  Army,  General  Meade  having  also 
appointed  him  one  of  his  aides  on  succeeding  Gen 
eral  Hooker  in  the  command.  These  officers  enter 
tained  a  high  opinion  of  Colonel  Cadwalader's  ser 
vices,  Colonel  Rush  promoting  him  six  files  to  a 


CHARLES     E.    CADWALADER. 


345 

Captaincy  during  the  Peninsular  Campaign.  He 
about  the  same  time  received  an  appointment  as 
Major  in  the  Third  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  which  he 
declined,  not  wishing  to  leave  his  regiment.  General 
Hooker  in  his  recommendation  for  his  brevet  as 
Major  mentions  him  as  "especially  distinguished  for 
his  gallantry  and  meritorious  services  in  the  battle  of 
Chancellorsville,  May  3,  1863,  and  the  cavalry  fight 
at  Brandy  Station,  June  9,  1863,"  adding  that  "he 
served  with  marked  zeal  and  devotion."  General 
Meade  in  his  recommendation  for  his  brevet  as  Lieu 
tenant-Colonel,  said,  "  I  cannot  speak  too  strongly  of 
the  activity,  zeal  and  energy  displayed  by  Captain 
Cadwalader  during  his  services  under  me,"  and  rec 
ommended  that  he  be  brevetted  Lieutenant-Colonel 
"  for  distinguished  gallantry  and  good  conduct  at  the 
battle  of  Gettysburg  and  in  subsequent  operations, 
including  the  Campaign  from  the  Rapidan  to  the 
James  in  1864  and  the  siege  of  Petersburg."  After 
the  war  he  resumed  the  practice  of  medicine,  and  is 
widely  known  for  his  philanthropic  activities  there 
with,  and  in  various  public  and  political  connections. 
Member  of  the  Pennsylvania  Commandery  of  the 
Military  Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion,  Society  of  Col 
onial  Wars,  Society  of  the  Cincinnati,  College  of 
Physicians,  and  various  clubs. 


346 


Brigadier  General  DANIEL  W.   BENHAM. 

United  States  Army. 

Was  born  in  Scipio,  Seneca  Count}-,  Ohio,  De 
cember  23,  1837.  He  is  a  direct  descendant  of  John 
Bingham,  who  landed  at  Dorchester,  Massachusetts, 
from  England,  in  1630.  This  ancestor  was  one  of 
the  founders  of  the  City  of  New  Haven,  Connecticut. 
At  an  early  age  young  Benhrim  removed  to  Tiffin, 
Ohio,  where  he  grew  to  manhood,  and  received  his 
education  in  the  public  schools.  He  entered  the  em 
ploy  of  the  United  States  Express  Company,  of 
which  his  father  was  the  local  agent,  and  rapidly 
mastered  the  details  of  the  business.  In  1855  he  ac 
cepted  an  advanced  position  with  the  same  company 
at  Sandusky,  Ohio,  and  soon  afterward  he  was  still 
further  advanced  by  the  company  and  transferred  to 
the  Cincinnati  office,  where  he  remained  for  six  years, 
resigning  to  enlist,  April  20,  1861,  as  a  Private  in 
Company  B,  Sixth  Ohio  Volunteers,  the  regiment 
having  been  raised  in  response  to  President  Lincoln's 
first  call  for  volunteers.  He  was  honorably  dis 
charged  August  21,  having  served  one  month  beyond 
the  period  of  his  enlistment.  During  this  period  he 
devoted  himself  assiduously  to  the  acquirement  of  the 
duties  of  a  soldier,  and  his  thorough  mastery  of  the 
details  were  of  great  value  to  him  in  his  after  mili 
tary  career.  On  October  24,  1861,  he  was  appointed 
a  Second  Lieutenant  in  the  regular  Army,  and  was 
assigned  to  the  Eighteenth  United  States  Infantry. 


BRIGADIER     GENERAL     DANIEL    W.     BKNHAM. 
UNITED    STATES     ARMY. 


349 

His  thorough  business  education  had  qualified  him 
eminently  for  the  duties  of  an  executive  officer,  and 
he  was  early  assigned  to  duty  as  a  staff  officer.  He 
was  engaged  in  the  Campaign  in  Kentucky  under 
General  Thomas,  iS6i-2  ;  the  battle  of  Pittsburg 
Landing,  1862,  under  General  Buell,  and  the  siege  of 
Corinth  and  the  pursuit  of  General  Bragg,  under  the 
same  officer  in  the  same  campaign.  In  the  latter  part 
of  1862  and  the  early  months  of  1863,  he  was  with 
General  Rosecrans  in  his  Memphis  and  Chattanooga 
Campaigns,  and  in  the  pursuit  of  the  Confederates 
after  the  battle  of  Mission  Ridge.  He  served  tinder 
General  Sherman  in  his  famous  march  from  "  At 
lanta  to  the  Sea,"  participating  in  all  of  the  engage 
ments  of  that  historic  campaign,  and  accompanying 
that  Army  in  its  triumphal  march  through  the  Caro- 
liuas  and  Virginia  to  Washington,  terminating  in 
the  grand  review  in  May,  1865. 

For  his  conspicuous  gallantry  and  successful  de 
fense  from  capture  of  a  battalion  train  at  the  battle 
of  Murfreesborough,  Tennessee,  December  31,  1862, 
Lieutenant  Benham  was  brevetted  a  Captain,  and  for 
his  bravery  in  carrying  the  body  of  a  wounded  officer 
to  a  place  of  safety  under  fire,  he  was  brevetted  a 
Major.  His  promotion  to  the  grade  of  First  Lieu 
tenant  was  made  on  February  19,  1862,  and  he  re 
ceived  his  commission  as  Captain  on  February  8, 


Soon  after  the  close  of  the  war  Captain  Benham 
was  assigned  to  duty  on  the  Western  frontier  in  the 
suppression  of  Indian  hostilities,  in  which  depart 
ment  he  rendered  conspicuous  service,  frequently  re 
ceiving  the  commendation  of  his  superior  officers. 


35° 

For  his  valuable  services  in  administering  the  aid 
tendered  by  the  Government  to  the  sufferers  by  the 
Mississippi  flood  in  1882,  he  received  a  highly  con 
gratulatory  order  from  Lieutenant  General  Sheridan. 
He  was  on  the  staff  of  General  Brooke,  at  Omaha, 
Nebraska,  as  Inspector  of  Small  Arms  Practice  for 
five  years,  and  was  specially  commended  by  the  com 
manding  officer  for  the  "  marked  efficiency  with 
which  he  performed  his  important  duties."  At  the 
conclusion  of  these  duties  he  was  assigned  to  duty  as 
Lieutenant-Colonel  of  the  Seventh  United  States  In 
fantry  at  Fort  Logan,  Colorado,  and  in  1898  was 
commissioned  as  Colonel  of  the  same  regiment.  At 
the  breaking  out  of  hostilities  with  Spain  he  pro 
ceeded  with  his  regiment  to  Chickamauga,  Georgia, 
and  thence  to  Tampa,  Florida,  where  he  embarked 
for  Cuba.  In  a  forced  march  to  support  General 
Wheeler's  attack  on  the  Spaniards,  the  officers  being 
without  horses,  Colonel  Benham  was  prostrated  by 
the  intense  heat,  a  disability  which  caused  his  retire 
ment  from  active  duty  on  July  23,  1898.  He  was 
promoted  to  the  rank  of  Brigadier-General,  April  23, 
1904.  Few  officers  in  the  service  have  seen  more  con 
tinuous  active  duty  than  General  Benham,  and  none 
have  been  accorded  higher  praise  for  conspicuous 
bravery  in  action  and  faithful  and  intelligent  dis 
charge  of  duty  at  all  times. 


COLONEL    SAMUEL     B.     DICK. 


3.53 


Colonel  SAMUEL  B.  DICK. 

Was  born  in  Meadville,  Pa.,  on  October  26, 
1836,  of  Scotch-Irish  parentage.  He  was  the  third 
son  of  General  John  Dick,  a  member  of  Congress, 
and  one  of  the  First  Associate  Judges  of  Crawford 
County,  Pa.  He  attended  the  district  schools  and 
Allegheny  College,  at  Meadville,  until  he  went  into 
the  banking  business  with  his  father.  At  the  com 
mencement  of  the  Civil  War  he  organized  the  Mead 
ville  Volunteers  ;  participated  in  the  battle  of  Drains- 
ville,  Va.,  1861,  and  was  wounded  ;  1862,  in  the  seven 
days'  fight  before  Richmond  and  the  Second  Bull 
Run ;  also  South  Mountain  and  Antietam ;  1863, 
was  Colonel  of  the  Fifty-sixth  Pennsylvania,  and 
marched  with  them  into  Western  Virginia.  He  was 
engaged  in  the  oil  business  in  its  infancy ;  was  elected 
to  Congress  in  1878.  A  Mason  as  far  back  as  1857, 
he  has  filled  every  grade  of  official  position  up  to 
Grand  Master  of  the  State ;  reorganized  .bankrupt 
Shenango  and  Allegheny  and  West  Pennsylvania 
and  Shenango  connecting  railroads,  and  extended 
the  line  finally  to  the  Carnegie  Steel  Works,  near 
Pittsburg.  Since  his  retirement  from  the  Pittsburg, 
Bessemer  &  Lake  Erie  Railroad,  he  is  largely  inter 
ested  in  the  Colorado  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  and 
is  President  of  the  Company;  President  Pennsyl 
vania  Mining  and  Milling  Company  of  Colorado; 
President  Clinton  Mining  Company  of  Colorado ; 
President  Meadville  Malleable  Iron  Works,  Phoenix 
Iron  Works,  and  Meadville  Gas  Company. 


354 


General  WAGER  SWAYNE. 

Was  born  in  Columbus,  Ohio,  November  10, 
1834.  His  father,  Judge  Noah  H.  Swayne,  was 
placed  on  the  Supreme  Court  Bench  by  President 
Lincoln,  that  being  the  first  appointment  made  by 
Mr.  Lincoln.  General  Swayne's  early  education  was 
received  in  the  public  schools.  He  entered  Yale  Col 
lege  in  the  class  of  1855,  but  at  the  end  of  his  sopho 
more  year  was  prostrated  by  an  attack  of  typhoid 
fever,  which  compelled  him  to  relinquish  his  studies 
for  a  year,  a  considerable  portion  of  which  was  spent 
in  Europe.  Upon  his  return  he  resumed  his  studies 
at  Yale,  and  was  graduated  in  the  class  of  1856.  In 
the  same  class  are  found  many  other  prominent 
names,  including  those  of  Chauncey  M.  Depew, 
Judge  David  J.  Brewer  and  Henry  B.  Brown  of  the 
United  States  Supreme  Court.  It  was  largely 
through  the  advice  of  General  Swayne  that  these  two 
distinguished  jurists  were  elevated  to  the  Supreme 
Court  Bench.  Upon  the  completion  of  his  course  at 
Yale,  young  Swayne  entered  the  Cincinnati  Law 
School,  from  which  he  was  graduated  in  1859.  Re 
turning  to  Columbus  he  entered  upon  the  practice  of 
his  profession,  and  had  already  met  with  marked  suc 
cess  when  his  career  as  a  lawyer  was  for  a  time  in 
terrupted  by  President  Lincoln's  call  for  troops  to  de 
fend  the  integrity  of  the  Union.  He  did  not  hesitate 
to  respond  to  that  call,  and  entered  zealously  into  the 
organization  of  the  Forty-third  Regiment  of  Ohio 
Volunteers,  in  which  he  was  commissioned  Major, 
and  of  which  J.  L.  Kirby  Smith  was  chosen  Colonel. 


GENERAL    WAGER    .SWAYNE. 


357 

Major  Swayne  was,  upon  the  mustering  in  of  the 
regiment,  promoted  to  the  Lieutenant-Colonelcy,  and 
the  Forty-third  was  assigned  to  the  Second  Brigade 
of  the  First  Division  of  the  Army  of  the  Mississippi 
under  General  Pope,  and  took  part  in  the  attacks  on 
and  capture  of  New  Madrid  and  Island  No.  10.  It 
was  at  New  Madrid  that  Colonel  Swayne  took  com 
mand  of  the  regiment  and  made  a  daring  and  success 
ful  reconnoisance  around  that  Confederate  strong 
hold,  a  movement  which  contributed  largely  toward 
its  subsequent  capture.  After  the  battle  of  Shiloh 
the  regiment  took  part  in  the  fifty  days'  gradual  ap 
proach  to  Corinth,  participating  in  three  important 
engagements,  and  in  the  final  battle  which  resulted 
in  the  capture  of  that  important  position.  Colonel 
Smith  having  been  assigned  to  the  command  of  a 
brigade,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Swayne  was  in  command 
of  the  regiment  during  this  entire  period,  and  also 
during  the  subsequent  battle  of  luka.  At  the  second 
battle  of  Corinth,  Colonel  Smith,  again  in  command 
of  the.  regiment,  was  mortally  wounded  while  repel 
ling  a  desperate  assault  by  the  Confederates,  and  the 
command  of  the  regiment  fell  to  Lieutenant-Colonel 
Swayne.  Under  a  withering  fire  he  charged  the  ene 
my,  and  was  credited  with  having  saved  from  capture 
Forts  William  and  Robinette.  For  this  heroic  ac 
tion  the  Colonel  and  his  command  were  highly  com 
mended  in  general  orders  by  General  Stanley,  com 
manding  the  division,  and  Lieutenant-Colonel  Swayne 
was  made  Colonel  of  the  regiment. 

Colonel  Swayne  took  an  active  part  in  the  opera 
tions  in  Tennessee  under  General  O.  O.  Howard, 
leading  up  to  the  Atlanta  Campaign.  After  the  cap- 


358 

ture  of  Savannah  the  advance  through  the  Carolinas 
began,  and  it  was  soon  after  Colonel  Swayne  with  his 
command  had  crossed  the  Savannah  River  that  he 
lost  a  leg  by  the  explosion  of  a  shell  in  the  engage 
ment  that  followed.  He  was  taken  to  Savannah,  and 
thence  by  steamer  to  New  York,  where  he  remained 
during  the  period  of  his  convalescence.  On  June  26, 
1865,  he  was  made  a  Brigadier-General  of  United 
States  Volunteers,  and  in  July  following  he  was  ap 
pointed  Assistant  Commissioner  for  Alabama  of 
Refugees,  Freedmen  and  Abandoned  Lands,  an  office 
which  he  filled  in  a  manner  to  receive  the  highest  ap 
proval  of  General  Howard.  On  March  27,  1867, 
General  Swayne  was  brevetted  a  Brigadier-General  in 
the  United  States  Army  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
services  during  the  war,  and  he  was  retired  July  i, 
1870.  After  leaving  the  service  General  Swayne 
went  to  Toledo,  Ohio,  where  he  took  up  the  practice 
of  law,  and  soon  secured  a  prominent  position  at  the 
bar.  His  marked  ability  in  the  management  of  the 
legal  interests  of  several  large  corporations  led  to  his 
subsequent  removal  to  New  York,  where  he  was  for  a 
time  associated  with  Judge  John  F.  Dillon.  He  was 
elected  Commander  of  the  Military  Order  of  the 
Loyal  Legion  in  1889,  and  was  re-elected  for  four 
successive  terms.  He  held  commanding  positions  in 
the  metropolis  as  a  leader  in  public  matters,  in  which 
he  maintained  a  high  standard  throughout  his  career. 
As  scholar,  soldier,  lawyer,  and,  beyond  all,  as  a 
Christian  gentleman,  he  endeared  himself  to  all,  and 
in  all  the  walks  of  life  he  was  a  credit  and  honor  to 
his  country.  His  death  occurred  on  December  18, 
1892. 


EDWIN    NORTH     BENSON. 


36i 

EDWIN    NORTH  BENSON. 

For  many  years  Mr.  Benson  has  had  the  proud 
distinction  of  being  one  of  Philadelphia's  foremost 
citizens.  Possessed  of  a  large  fortune,  and  imbued 
with  a  public  spirit  of  generous  proportions,  the  pro 
motion  of  the  material  interests  of  his  native  city 
has  been  his  constant  care,  and  his  private  benefac 
tions  have  been  of  a  most  generous  character.  His 
social  standing  has  always  been  of  the  highest  order, 
and  his  great  popularity  among  his  fellow-citizens 
has  been  frequently  attested  by  their  efforts  to  have 
him  enter  the  field  of  politics.  He  has,  however,  in 
variably  declined  the  acceptance  of  a  political  office, 
contenting  himself  with  the  highest  distinction  which 
can  come  to  a  Philadelphian,  the  Presidency  of  the 
Union  League  Club  of  that  City,  a  position  which  he 
held  for  four  successive  years.  His  career  as  a  soldier 
was  creditable  in  the  highest  degree.  Although  his 
social  position  and  wealth  gave  assurance  of  his  abil 
ity  to  enter  the  service  as  a  commissioned  officer,  he 
chose  the  position  of  private  soldier,  and  entered  the 
ranks  of  the  Seventh  Pennsylvania  Infantry,  from 
which  organization  he  was  himself  mustered  out, 
September  26,  1862.  He  entered  the  service  a  second 
time,  his  next  enlistment  being  with  the  Thirty-sec 
ond  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  in  whose  ranks  he 
served  during  the  period  of  General  Lee's  second  in 
vasion.  His  high  example  of  patriotic  effort  had  a 
marked  influence  upon  young  men  of  similar  fortune 
and  station.  Mr.  Benson  is  a  Director  in  many  large 
financial  institutions,  and  is  a  foremost  citizen  of  the 
City  and  State. 


362 


General  THOMAS  EWING,  A.  M.,  LL.D. 

Was  born  August  7,  1829,  in  Lancaster,  Ohio. 
He  was  a  son  of  Senator  Thomas  Ewing,  the  famous 
lawyer  and  statesman.  His  mother,  through  whom 
he  was  related  to  James  Gillespie  Elaine,  was  Maria 
Wills  Boyle,  a  granddaughter  of  Neal  Gillespie,  who 
emigrated  from  County  Donegal,  Ireland,  and  became 
a  man  of  eminence  in  western  Pennsylvania  in  the 
latter  part  of  the  last  century.  At  nineteen  Mr.  Ew 
ing  was  a  Private  Secretary  to  President  Taylor.  In 
1852  he  entered  Brown  University,  where  he  was  pop 
ular  with  faculty  and  students.  From  Brown  Uni 
versity  he  went  to  Cincinnati  and  entered  the  law 
office  of  the  Honorable  Henry  Stanbery,  and  the  Cin 
cinnati  Law  School.  In  1855  he  began  practice  in 
Cincinnati.  On  January  18,  iSs6,  Mr.  Ewing  was 
married  to  Miss  Ellen  Ewing  Cox,  daughter  of  the 
Rev.  William  Cox  of  Piqua,  Ohio,  a  minister  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church  distinguished  for  zeal  and  elo 
quence.  Though  Mr.  Ewing  was  reared  a  Catholic, 
he  did  not  accept  the  doctrine  of  infallibility.  By 
mental  constitution  he  was  unable  to  limit  Chris 
tianity  to  any  denomination,  but  he  believed  in  Jesus 
Christ  as  his  divine  Master  and  Saviour.  Early  in 
1857  he  removed  with  his  family  to  Leaven  worth, 
Kansas,  where  he  formed  a  partnership  with  his 
brother,  Hugh  Boyle  Ewing,  for  the  practice  of  law. 
Later  the  firm  included  William  Tecumseh  Sherman, 
who  was  married  to  his  elder  sister,  Ellen  Boyle  Ew 
ing,  and  Daniel  McCook.  In  the  Civil  War,  three 


GENERAL    THOMAS     EWING,    A.  M.,  LL.D. 


members  of  the  firm  attained  the  rank  of  Brigadier 
General,  and  the  fourth  became  the  great  hero  of  At 
lanta  and  the  march  to  the  sea.  During  the  famous 
struggle  which  resulted  in  the  admission  of  Kansas 
as  a  free  State,  Mr.  Ewing  rendered  services  to 
freedom  of  much  historic  interest. 

When,  in  January,  1861,  Kansas  was  admitted 
under  a  free  Constitution,  Mr.  Ewing,  then  but 
thirty-one  years  of  age,  was  elected  Chief  Justice  of 
the  Supreme  Court.  He  served  less  than  two  years 
but  established  a  high  reputation  as  a  jurist.  With 
him  "  the  law  stood  for  justice  and  the  judge  for 
righteousness."  In  September,  1862,  he  resigned  the 
chief-justiceship  to  enter  the  Union  Army,  and  re 
cruited  the  Eleventh  Regiment  Kansas  Volunteer 
Infantry,  of  which  he  was  elected  Colonel.  For  gal 
lant  conduct  at  Prairie  Grove,  one  of  the  fiercest  bat 
tles  of  the  war,  he  was  commissioned  a  Brigadier 
General  on  March  13,  1863,  by  special  order  of  Presi 
dent  Lincoln.  He  was  assigned  to  the  u  District  of 
the  Border,"  comprising  the  State  of  Kansas  and  the 
western  portion  of  Missouri — a  "  hornet's  nest  of  a 
district,"  as  he  called  it.  This  command,  for  which 
his  acquaintance  and  influence  especially  fitted  him, 
he  held  from  June,  1863,  to  February,  1864.  While 
in  command  of  this  district,  on  Atigust  25,  1863,  he 
issued  an  order  known  as  "  Order  No.  n,"  directing 
the  depopulation  of  large  portions  of  four  border 
counties  of  western  Missouri.  By  the  order  the  loyal 
inhabitants  were  required  to  remove  to  the  military 
posts,  the  disloyal  to  remove  out  of  the  counties.  It 
was  a  severe  measure,  but  the  only  way  of  surmount 
ing  the  difficulties  to  be  overcome.  These  counties, 


366 

after  having  suffered  much  from  Kansas  Redlegs 
under  Jennison  and  other  predatory  leaders,  whom 
General  Ewing  suppressed  with  a  strong  hand,  had 
become  the  base  of  operations  of  about  a  thousand 
Missouri  guerrillas,  under  Quantrill,  who  incessantly 
raided  southern  Kansas. 

After  General  Ewing  had  thus  removed  the  spies 
and  purveyors  from  "  the  hills  of  the  robbers," 
Quantrill,  unable  to  continue  the  vendetta,  led  the 
guerrillas  south.  Under  General  Ewing's  firm  ad 
ministration  re-settlement  of  the  country  soon  began, 
and  the  Border  War,  which  had  raged  for  eight  years, 
was  ended  forever.  General  Ewing  conducted  one 
campaign  where  he  displayed  military  ability  suffi 
cient,  had  the  operations  been  larger,  to  give  him 
rank  as  a  great  commander.  In  September,  1864, 
the  distinguished  Confederate  Lieutenant-General, 
Sterling  Price,  a  Brigadier-General  in  the  Mexican 
War,  once  Governor  of  Missouri,  and  a  man  of  great 
political  influence  in  the  State,  crossed  the  Arkansas 
River  with  20,000  men,  and  marched  on  St.  Louis. 
By  capturing  that  city  he  hoped  to  bring  Missouri 
into  the  Confederacy,  thus  securing  a  great  base  of 
supplies,  and  possibly  so  discrediting  the  administra 
tion  as  to  prevent  the  re-election  of  President  Lincoln 
in  November.  General  Rosecrans  was  in  command 
of  the  Department  of  the  Missouri,  and  General  Ew 
ing  of  the  district  of  southeast  Missouri.  The  Fed 
eral  troops  were  scattered  in  small  detachments  at  im 
portant  towns,  and  could  not  be  concentrated  in 
numbers  sufficient  to  defeat  General  Price's  large 
Army.  The  only  chance  of  averting  the  immense 
loss  of  prestige  and  resources  which  the  surrender  of 


367 

St.  Louis  would  involve  was  to  check  General  Price 
until  the  city  could  be  reinforced  with  troops  brought 
from  other  States,  by  holding  fast  to  Fort  Davidson, 
a  small  work  with  capacity  of  about  a  thousand  men, 
situated  in  a  low  valley  ninety  miles  south  of  St. 
Louis  at  the  village  of  Pilot  Knob,  so-called  from  a 
nearby  hill.  In  this  fort  were  large  quantities  of 
ordnance,  a  ad  commissary's  and  quartermaster's  sup 
plies,  which  General  Price  sorely  needed.  General 
Rosecrans,  at  the  urgent  request  of  General  Ewing, 
sent  him  to  Fort  Davidson.  He  reached  there  on  the 
morning  of  Monday,  September  26,  instructed  to  hold 
the  fort  against  any  detachment,  but  to  evacuate 
should  General  Price's  main  army  move  against  it. 
He  found  the  main  army  approaching ;  but  the  ad 
vantage  of  delaying  the  enemy  if  only  for  two  or 
three  days  was  so  great,  that,  as  he  says  in  his  report, 
he  "resolved  to  stand  fast  and  take  the  chances." 
He  held  Shut-in  Gap,  four  miles  below  the  fort, 
throughout  the  26th,  and  then  fell  back  to  a  gap 
about  one  thousand  yards  from  the  fort,  between 
Shepherd's  Mountain  and  Pilot  Knob.  Early  Tues 
day  morning  his  troops  were  ejected  from  this  gap, 
the  enemy  following  and  moving  down  the  hillside  in 
strong  force.  The  guns  at  the  fort  drove  them  back 
with  heavy  loss.  The  gap  was  retaken,  again  lost, 
and  again  the  artillery  drove  the  enemy  from  the 
hillsides.  But  in  the  afternoon  they  swarmed  into 
the  valley  in  such  numbers  that  General  Ewing  had 
to  draw  in  his  entire  command.  The  enemy  made 
one  splendid  assault  upon  the  fort,  and  were  repulsed 
with  terrible  slaughter.  Geneial  Price,  thinking  he 
had  the  little  garrison,  as  General  Ewing  afterward 


368 

said,  "like  a  nut  in  a  cracker,"  mounted  guns  on  the 
surrounding  hills  preparatory  to  shelling  the  fort 
next  day.  About  midnight  General  Ewing  evacu 
ated.  He  slipped  through  the  enemy's  lines  along  a 
road  opened,  as  has  since  transpired,  by  the  strategy 
of  a  Union  woman  of  the  neighborhood,  who  having 
by  an  invitation  to  a  barbecue  tolled  off  the  Confed 
erate  Colonel  Dobbins  and  his  hungry  command,  sent 
word  that  the  Potosi  road  was  unguarded.  The  fort 
was  blown  up  soon  after  the  troops  withdrew.  Then 
began  a  life  or  death  retreat  toward  a  fortified  camp 
at  Rolla,  one  hundred  miles  away.  The  command 
was  pursued  by  overwhelming  cavalry  forces,  and 
embarrassed  by  refugees,  men,  women  and  children, 
who  were  in  almost  constant  panic ;  but  before  it  was 
overtaken  it  reached  a  ridge  with  precipitous  sides, 
where  the  pursuers  could  not  head  it  off,  along  which 
it  retreated.  Its  rear  was  protected  by  veterans  of  the 
Fourteenth  Iowa  Infantry.  In  thirty-six  hours  it 
reached  Leesburg,  sixty-five  miles  from  Pilot  Knob, 
where  it  had  to  leave  the  ridge,  and  was  soon  com 
pletely  surrounded.  By  hard  fighting  a  fortified  po 
sition  was  reached.  The  command  was  so  exhausted 
that  further  retreat  was  impossible.  The  enemy 
made  several  assaults  on  Friday,  and  appearing  in 
large  force  on  Saturday  they  reconnoitered  General 
F/vving's  position.  Apparently  concluding  that  to 
carry  it  by  assault  would  be  too  costly,  they  drew  off, 
and  on  October  2  the  band  of  heroes  marched  into 
Rolla.  General  Ewing's  total  loss  did  not  exceed 
three  hundred  and  fifty  men,  while  the  enemy's  loss 
exceeded  one  thousand  five  hundred  men  at  Fort 
Davidson  alone.  General  Price  was  delayed  a  week, 


369 

during  which  St.  Louis  was  reinforced.  The  attack 
was  abandoned,  and  the  invading  army  was  driven 
from  Missouri  without  capturing  an  important  town. 
General  Bwing  was  made  a  Brevet  Major  General  for 
meritorious  conduct  at  Pilot  Knob.  He  resigned  on 
February  23,  1865,  at  the  close  of  the  war  in  the 
West.  In  the  spring  of  1865  he  removed  to  the  City 
of  Washington,  where  he  enjoyed  for  six  years  a 
large  and  lucrative  practice.  In  1870  he  removed  to 
Lancaster,  with  ample  means  acquired  in  his  pro 
fession,  and  embarked  in  the  work  of  developing  the 
Hocking  Valley.  He  was  largely  instrumental  in 
the  construction  of  the  Ohio  Central  Railway.  But 
the  panic  of  1873  robbed  him  of  all  pecuniary  return 
from  his  efforts,  and  cast  upon  him  a  vast  indebted 
ness,  which  he  could  easily  have  avoided,  but  which 
he  struggled  to  repay  during  the  remaining  quarter 
century  of  his  life.  In  1879  General  Ewing  was  the 
Democratic  candidate  for  Governor  of  Ohio,  but  was 
defeated  after  a  brilliant  campaign  which  attracted 
the  attention  of  the  nation,  it  being  recognized  that 
success  would  place  him  in  the  front  rank  of  presi 
dential  possibilities.  Intensely  democratic,  he  aimed 
to  serve  the  whole  people,  and  had  the  courage  of  his 
convictions ;  and  the  Democracy  of  Ohio  honored 
him  with  a  devotion  such  as  has  been  enjoyed  by  few 
men.  In  1881  he  retired  from  Congress  and  from 
politics.  Removing  to  Yonkers,  New  York,  in  1882, 
he  practiced  law  in  New  York  City.  He  was  for 
man}7  years  in  partnership  with  the  Honorable  Mil 
ton  I.  Southard,  formerly  of  Ohio,  who  had  repre 
sented  the  Zanesville  District  in  Congress.  In  1893 
he  organized  the  firm  of  Ewing,  Whitman  &  Ewing, 


37° 

in  order  to  join  with  him  his  sons,  Thomas  and 
Hampton  Denman  Ewing.  In  1895  he  was  Attorney 
to  the  Department  of  Buildings  of  New  York  City. 
General  Ewing  was  a  founder  of  the  Ohio  So 
ciety  of  New  York  in  1886,  and  its  President  until 
1889.  He  loved  the  people  of  Ohio,  and  hoped  to  re 
turn  to  live  in  Lancaster,  at  or  near  which  city  lived,, 
with  their  families,  his  brothers,  General  Hugh 
Boyle  and  Judge  Philemon  Beecher  Ewing,  his  sister, 
Mrs.  C.  F.  Steele,  his  eldest  son,  William  Cox  Ew 
ing,  and  elder  daughter,  Mrs.  Edwin  S.  Martin. 
General  Ewing  was  struck  down  by  a  cable  car  in 
New  York  on  January  20,  1896.  He  was  taken  to 
his  apartment  where  he  was  living  with  his  wife  and 
younger  daughter  Beall.  He  died  on  the  morning  of 
January  21,  without  recovering  consciousness.  He 
was  buried  at  Yonkers  on  the  Friday  following.  His 
wife  and  all  his  children  survive  him.  In  his  every 
day  life  he  was  pure  and  unselfish.  Though  full  of 
high  ambition,  he  was  hopeful  and  cheerful  under 
adversity  and  disappointment.  In  manner  he  was 
dignified  and  simple ;  in  conversation  ready  and  in 
teresting,  full  of  humor  and  amiability.  Always 
generous  and  approachable,  he  had  hosts  of  friends. 
No  one  appealed  to  him  in  vain.  "  His  hand  gave 
help,  his  heart  compassion."  He  was  an  affectionate 
son  and  brother,  a  loving  father,  a  devoted  husband. 


COLONEL    JOHN     L.    CLEM. 
UNITED    STATES   ARMY. 


373 


Colonel  JOHN  L.  CLEM. 

United  States  Army. 

Was  born  in  Newark,  Ohio,  in  1851.  He  was 
but  ten  years  of  age  when  the  war  between  the  States 
began,  and  at  that  early  age  he  evinced  a  military 
ardor  that  would  not  be  suppressed.  Time  and  time 
again  he  tried  to  enlist  as  a  drummer  boy,  but  he  was 
as  often  rejected  on  account  of  his  extreme  youth. 
Finally  his  efforts  were  rewarded  in  May,  1863,  when 
he  had  hardly  passed  his  twelfth  year,  by  securing  an 
enlistment  in  the  Twenty-second  Michigan  Volun 
teers  as  Musician  and  hence  Sergeant.  With  a  proud 
step  he  marched  at  the  head  of  that  famous  fighting 
organization,  never  leaving  his  position  even  in  the 
hottest  of  its  engagements.  It  was  at  Shiloh  that 
the  Confederates  gave  him  their  warmest  reception, 
and  his  drum  was  literally  "  shot  full  of  holes."  His 
gallant  conduct  on  this  as  on  other  occasions  won 
him  the  proud  title  of  "  the  Drummer  Boy  of  Shiloh," 
a  title  by  which  he  will  always  be  known  in  the  his 
tory  of  the  great  Rebellion,  and  which  has  been 
woven  into  verse  and  drama.  At  Chickamauga  he 
threw  away  his  drum,  and,  seizing  the  musket  of  a 
fallen  comrade,  entered  the  ranks  with  the  ardor  and 
enthusiasm  of  a  veteran.  Being  called  upon  by  a 
Confederate  soldier  to  surrender,  he  not  only  refused 
to  entertain  the  summary  proposition,  but  succeeded 
in  placing  his  would-be  captor  hors  du  combat. 


374 

Sergeant  Clem  was  mustered  out  of  the  service 
in  September,  1864,  and  returned  to  his  home  in 
Ohio,  where  he  spent  several  years  in  attending 
school,  and  in  acquiring  an  education  that  his  mili 
tary  ardor  had  led  him  to  neglect.  In  recognition  of 
his  distinguished  services  during  the  war,  President 
Grant  in  1870  appointed  him  to  a  place  in  the  artil 
lery  training  school  at  Fort  Monroe,  and  on  Decem 
ber  i,  1871,  he  was  appointed  a  Second  Lieutenant  in 
the  Twenty-fourth  Infantry.  On  October  5,  1874, 
he  was  appointed  a  First  Lieutenant,  and  on  May  4, 
1882,  he  was  promoted  to  the  grade  of  Captain,  and 
assigned  to  duty  in  the  Quartermaster's  Department. 
He  has  been  connected  with  that  branch  of  the  ser 
vice  ever  since.  He  received  his  commission  as  Major 
while  on  duty  in  Atlanta,  Ga.,  on  May  16,  1895,  and 
as  Lieutenant-Colonel  on  February  2,  1901. 

Colonel  Clem  is  the  youngest  veteran  in  the 
United  States  Army,  and  with  a  service  of  nearly 
four  years  in  the  Civil  War,  which  terminated  forty 
years  ago,  he  is  now  only  fifty-three  years  of  age.  If 
he  lives  until  1915  he  will,  as  the  last  officer  on  the 
active  list  of  the  Army  who  saw  service  in  the  Civil 
War,  go  upon  the  retired  list,  the  last  of  the  "  Old 
Guard." 


BRIGADIER     GENERAL    JAMES    FORNEY. 
UNITED  STATES   MARINE  CORPS   (RETIRED). 


377 


Brigadier  General  JAMES  FORNEY. 

United  States  Marine  Corps  (retired]. 

Was  born  in  Pennsylvania ;  commissioned  Second 
Lieutenant,  March  i,  1861 ;  flagship  Roanoke,  Atlan 
tic  Squadron,  1861  ;  First  Lieutenant,  September, 
1 86 1  ;  October,  1861,  commanding  the  Marine  Bar 
racks,  Washington,  D.  C.;  November,  1861,  com 
manding  Marine  Barracks,  Portsmouth,  N.  H.;  steam 
sloop  Brooklyn,  West  Gulf  Squadron,  1861-2,  and 
part  of  1863  ;  participated  in  the  capture  of  Forts 
Jackson  and  St.  Philip,  and  the  city  of  New  Orleans  ; 
official  reports  of  that  time  state  that  Lieutenant 
James  Forney,  commanding  Marines,  had  two  guns 
assigned  him,  and,  with  his  men,  fought  most 
gallantly.  He  was  brevetted  a  Captain  for  gallant 
and  meritorious  service  at  the  attack  on  Forts  Jack 
son  and  St.  Philip,  April  24,  1862  ;  he  was  sent 
ashore  by  Admiral  Farragut  at  New  Orleans,  with 
the  guards  of  the  Brooklyn  and  the  Verona  to  raise 
the  flag  over  the  Custom  House ;  he  held  this  build 
ing  in  the  midst  of  a  howling  mob,  and  at  sunset 
hauled  down  our  flag,  bringing  the  Confederate  flag 
off  to  the  ship  and  handing  it  over  to  Captain 
Craven  ;  while  attached  to  the  West  Gulf  Squadron 
he  was  in  the  battles  of  Chalmette,  Port  Hudson  and 
Grand  Gulf,  first  and  second  attacks  on  Vicksburg, 
Donaldsonville,  Bayou  Sara,  Galveston,  Texas,  Feb 
ruary  24,  1863  ;  at  Brazos  de  Santiago  cut  out  and 
captured  four  vessels  laden  with  valuable  drugs  from 


378 

under  the  rebel  batteries.  Commissioned  Captain, 
April  23,  1864;  July,  1864,  commanded  troops,  both 
regular  and  volunteer,  at  Havre  de  Grace,  Md.  In 
this  connection,  General  French  reports  as  follows : 
"  Received  the  brevet  of  Lieutenant-Colonel,  for  mer 
itorious  services  in  defeating  a  rebel  raid  at  Gun 
powder  River  in  July,  1864  ;  flagship  Hartford,  Fleet 
Marine  Officer,  Asiatic  Squadron,  1865-8;  while  at 
tached  to  the  Hartford,  commanded  Marines  in  the 
attack  on  the  island  of  Formosa,  and  was  brevetted  a 
Major  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  in  the  ac 
tion,  June  13,  1867;  October  n,  1870,  commanded 
the  Marines  in  the  colored  riots  at  Philadelphia,  in 
enforcing  the  Fifteenth  Amendment,  being  the  first 
vote  of  the  colored  people."  In  1869  commanded  the 
troops  while  aiding  the  revenue  officers  in  breaking 
up  the  whiskey  distilleries  in  the  city  of  Philadel 
phia ;  from  June  10,  1872,  and  part  of  1873,  in 
Europe,  on  special  duty;  September,  1873,  United 
States  frigate  Minnesota;  from  December,  1874,  to 
1876,  Fleet  Marine  Officer,  North  Pacific  Squadron; 
August,  1876,  commanding  Marines,  League  Island; 
February  n,  1877-8,  commanding  Marines,  Norfolk, 
Va.;  during  summer  of  1877,  commanded  Second 
Battalion  of  Marines  during  the  labor  riots ;  on  his 
return  he  and  his  command  were  complimented  in 
general  orders  by  the  Honorable  Secretary  of  the 
Navy  and  General  Hancock ;  .in  1879,  was  grad 
uated  at  Torpedo  School,  Newport,  R.  I.;  in  1879- 
8 1,  commanded  Recruiting  Rendezvous  at  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.,  and  in  1883  commanded  Marines  for  a 
short  time  on  receiving  ship  Colorado.  February  24, 
1884,  commissioned  Major.  In  1885-7  commanded 


379 

Marines  at  Norfolk,  Va.;  part  of  1887-8  commanded 
Marines  at  League  Island,  Philadelphia  ;  commanded 
Marines  at  Mare  Island  Navy  Yard,  June,  1888,  to 
November,  1892.  Commissioned  Lieutenant-Colonel, 
January  30,  1891.  Commissioned  Colonel,  July  n, 
1892  ;  Marine  Barracks,  Navy  Yard,  New  York,  No 
vember  1892-6;  commanding  Marine  Barracks, 
Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  in  1896-7  ;  commanding  Marine 
Barracks,  League  Island,  Philadelphia,  1897,  to  June, 
1898.  During  the  Spanish- American  War  Colonel 
Forney  had  command  of  the  Spanish  camp,  consist 
ing  of  1,700  prisoners  from  Admiral  Cervera's  fleet, 
including  the  Marine  Barracks  at  Portsmouth,  N.  H.; 
in  command  of  the  First  Brigade  of  United  States 
Marines  in  the  Philippine  Islands,  from  1901  to 
1902  ;  in  charge  of  the  Recruiting  Service,  District 
of  Massachusetts,  October,  1903,  to  1904.  Promoted 
to  Brigadier  General,  June  3,  1904.  Retired  June  3, 
1904. 


INDEX. 


PAGE. 

ASHBROOK,  JOSEPH,  Brevet  Major  U.  S.  Volunteers  ...........   188 

ASTOR,  JOHN  JACOB,  Colonel  U.  S.  Volunteers  ...............     16 

BARKER,  ALBERT  S.,  Rear  Admiral  U.  S.  Navy  ...............     10 

BENHAM,  DANIEL  W.,  Brigadier  General  U.  S.  Army  .........   346 

BENSON,  EDWIN    NORTH  .....................................  360 

BINGHAM,  JUDSON  D.,  Brigadier-General  U.  S.  Army  ..........     74 

BROWN,  R.  M.  G.,  Commander  U.  S.  Navy  ......................   240 

BURTIS,  ARTHUR,  Rear  Admiral  U.  S.  Navy  ....................     46 

CADWALADER,  CHARLES  E.,  Lieut.  -Colonel  U.  S.  Volunteers.  .   342 
CARR,  CAMILLO  C.  C.,  Brigadier  General  U.  S.  Army  ..........   154 

CHAFFEE,  ADNA  R.,  Lieutenant-General  U.  S.  Army  ..........         6 

CHURCH,  WILLIAM  CONANT,  Colonel  U.  S.  Volunteers  ........     64 

CLEM,  JOHN  L.,  Colonel  U.  S.  Army  ............................   372 

COLAHAN,  CHARLES  E.,  Commander  U.  S.  Navy  ..............   274 

COLLUM,  RICHARD  S.,  Major  U.  S.  Marine  Corps  .............     58 

COTTON,  CHARLES  STANHOPE,   Rear  Admiral  U.  S.  Navy...     114 
CROMELIEN,  ALFRED,  Lieutenant-Colonel  U.  S.  Volunteers.  ..   290 
CURTIN,  ROLAND    GIDEON,  M.  D.,  Surgeon  U.  S.  Navy  .......     96 

DAY,  SELDEN  ALLEN,  Colonel  U.  S.  Army  ....................   102 

DE  PEYSTER,  JOHN  WATTS,  Brigadier  General  U.  S.  Volunteers     82 
DICK,  SAMUEL  B.  ,  Colonel  U.  S.  Volunteers  ....................   352 

DIX,  JOHN  A.,  Major  General  U.  S.  Volunteers  ..................   280 

DRAKE,  FRANCIS  MARION,  Brigadier  General  U.  S.  Volunteers  158 
DRAPER,  W.  F  ,  Brigadier  General  U.  S.  Volunteers  ............   130 

DUFF,  LbVI  BIRD,  Lieutenant-Colonel  U.  S.  Volunteers  ........    198 

DYER,  H.  MAYO,  Rear  Admiral  U.  S.  Navy   ....................    1  18 

ECKSTEIN,  HENRY  C.,  Surgeon  U.  S.  Navy  ....................   330 


382 

PAGE. 

EWING,  THOMAS,  General  U.  S.  Volunteers 362 

FARLEY,  JOSEPH  P.,   Brigadier  General  U.  S.  Army 170 

FISKE,   BRADLEY  ALLEN,  Commander  U.  S.  Navy 320 

FORNEY,  JAMES,  Brigadier  General  U.S.  Marine  Corps 376 

FORTESCUE,  GRANVILLE  ROLAND,  Lieutenant  U.  S.  Army..   230 

GOBIN,  JOHN  P.   S.,   Brigadier  General  U.  S.  Volunteers 192 

GREENE,  DAVID  M.,  Engineer  U.  S.  Navy 298 

HARRISON,  THOMAS  SKELTON,  Paymaster  U.  S.  Navy 328 

HENDERSON,   DAVID  BREMER,  Colonel  U.  S.  Volunteers  ....   270 
HOBSON,  RICHMOND  PEARSON,  Naval  Constructor  U.  S.  Navy  142 

HOUSTON,  A.  ROSS,  Captain  U.  S.  Volunteers 246 

ISAACS,  DAVID 338 

JOUETT,  JAMES  E.,  Rear  Admiral  U.  S.  Navy 36 

LAMBERT,  WILLIAM  H.,  Major  U.  S.  Volunteers 264 

LAWRENCE,  ABRAM  B. ,  Colonel  U.  S.  Volunteers 226 

LAWTON,  HENRY  WARE,  Major  General  U.  S.  Volunteers 250 

LEE,  SAMUEL  PHILIPS,  Rear  Admiral  U.  S.  Navy 80 

MACARTHUR,  ARTHUR,  Major  General  U.  S.  Army 90 

MANN,  WILLIAM  D'ALTON,  Colonel  U.  S.  Volunteers 318 

MEADE,  ROBERT  L.,  Brigadier  General  U.  S.  Marine  Corps 300 

MELVILLE,  GEORGE  W.,  Rear  Admiral  U.  S.  Navy 40 

MILLER,  J.  W.,  Captain  Naval  Militia,  State  of  New  York 68 

NAILE,  FREDERICK  I.,  Lieutenant-Commander  U.  S.  Navy 166 

OBERLY,  AARON  S.,  Medical  Inspector  U.  S.  Navy 308 

OTIS,  HARRISON  GRAY,  Brigadier  General  U.  S.  Volunteers. ...   210 

PAULDING,  TATTNALL,  Colonel  U.  S.  Volunteers 176 

PECK,  GEORGE,  Medical  Director  U.  S.  Navy 284 

PILCHER,  JAMES  E.,   Major  U.  S.  Army 214 

QUAY,  MATTHEW  STANLEY,  Colonel  U.  S.  Volunteers 148 

REID,  GEORGE  CROGHAN,  Brigadier  General  U.  S.  Marine  Corps     50 

RIXEY,  PRESLEY  MARION,  Surgeon  General  U.  S.  Navy 258 

RODGERS,  C.  R.  P.,  Rear  Admiral  U.  S.  Navy  32 

ROOSEVELT,  THEODORE,  Commander-in-Chief . .  2 


383 

PAGE. 

SAMPSON,  WILLIAM  THOMAS,  Rear  Admiral  U.  S.  Navy 108 

SMEDBERG,  W.  R.,  Major  and  Brevet  Lieut. -Colonel  U.  S.  Army.  312 

STEVENS,  BENJAMIN  F.,  Captain's  Clerk 54 

STEVENS,  THOMAS  HOLDUP,  Rear  Admiral  U.  S.  Navy 24 

STEVENS,  THOMAS  HOLDUP,  Commodore  U.  S.  Navy 28 

STEVENS,  THOMAS  H.,  Rear  Admiral  U.  S.  Navy 276 

STEVENSON,  HOWARD  A.,  Assistant  Surgeon  U.  S.  Volunteers.  234 

SWAYNE,  WAGER,  Brigadier  General  U.  S.  Volunteers 354 

TANNER,  ZERA  L.,  Commander  U.  S.  Navy 136 

TRUMBULL,  HENRY  CLAY,  D.D 336 

TRYON,  JAMES  RUFUS,  Rear  Admiral  U.  S.  Navy 304 

WAIN  WRIGHT,  RICHARD,  Captain  U.  S.  Navy 182 

WARREN,  LUCIUS  HENRY,  Brigadier  General  U.  S.  Volunteers.  126 

WOOD,  LEONARD,  Major  General  U.  S.  Army 202 

WYMAN,  WALKER,  Surgeon  General .254 


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